Implementation Of Sustainable Development Research Articles

Концепция устойчивого развития в теории левого альтерглобализма: теоретические источники и ограничения

The concept of sustainable development has garnered significant attention in political discourse, particularly within left-wing alterglobalism. This article examines the formation of the concept of sustainable development and its key tenets through the lens of Marxist and neo-Marxist political theory within the framework of left-wing alterglobalism. Special emphasis is placed on the specificity of the left-wing alterglobalism position on issues pertaining to the possibility and necessity of sustainable development worldwide. A historical overview of the development of the concept under the auspices of the United Nations (UN) is provided. It is noted that the current Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are a refined version of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), which were in effect until 2015. The complexity of implementing the SDGs due to the differing initial levels of states is discussed. The specificity of the theory of sustainable development in left socio-political theory is defined, along with the prospects for its utilization in shaping the paradigm of development in post-capitalist society. Despite its theoretical appeal, the implementation of sustainable development faces numerous challenges, including political resistance, vested interests, and unequal power dynamics among nations. The heterogeneity of states’ development levels complicates efforts to achieve global consensus and cooperation in pursuing sustainability goals. In conclusion, the concept of sustainable development within left-wing alterglobalism offers a compelling vision for addressing the interconnected challenges of environmental degradation, social injustice, and economic inequality. By grounding sustainability efforts in Marxist and neo-Marxist principles, this perspective provides a robust framework for envisioning a post-capitalist society based on democratic governance, social equity, and ecological resilience.

Moderating role of enterprise risk management in the relationship between sustainability performance and a firm’s competitive advantage

The emergence of sustainable business practices has garnered interest among stakeholders. However, the question of whether sustainability performance provides companies with a competitive advantage is still being debated in the literature. This paper aims to examine the influence of sustainability performance – namely economic sustainability performance and environmental, social, governance (ESG) – on competitive advantage, with the effectiveness of enterprise risk management (ERM) as the moderating variable. This paper used 202 firm-year observations during 2015–2022 from non-financial sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. To test the hypotheses, panel data regression with a one-year time-lag analysis is conducted. The findings show that economic sustainability performance has no relationship with competitive advantage, while ESG has a positive effect. Furthermore, ERM effectiveness strengthens the effect of economic sustainability and ESG on competitive advantage. Further investigation used a two-year time-lag analysis for a long-term perspective. The analysis shows that economic sustainability performance and ESG have a positive impact on competitive advantage. In contrast, ERM effectiveness has no effect on the relationship between economic sustainability performance and competitive advantage. Moreover, additional analysis incorporates the effect of COVID-19 into the main model and shows that the pandemic did not affect competitive advantage; this is consistent with the main results. The findings encourage companies to improve their risk management and sustainability initiatives. The government may also take it into account when developing rules that promote the implementation of sustainable development. AcknowledgmentThis research was supported by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia through the Center for Higher Education Fund (BPPT) and Indonesia Endowment Funds for Education (LPDP) for providing the Indonesian Education Scholarship (BPI-Beasiswa Pendidikan Indonesia).

Poverty Alleviation through Self-Help Groups in Bihar: A case study of Gaya District

This study explores the role of Self-Help Groups (SHGs) in poverty alleviation within Gaya District, Bihar, utilizing data sourced from the Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana-National Rural Livelihoods Mission (DAY-NRLM), Ministry of Rural Development, Government of India. Employing a mixed-methods approach, quantitative analysis of SHG membership trends is complemented by qualitative insights gathered through interviews and focus group discussions with SHG members and stakeholders. Quantitative analysis involves examining data on new and total SHG members across 24 blocks within Gaya District over the past five years. Comparative analysis identifies variations in membership rates among blocks, while geospatial analysis, facilitated by Geographic Information System (GIS) software, visualizes SHG membership distribution. Qualitative insights provide contextual understanding of socio-economic factors influencing SHG participation. Integrated analysis synthesizes findings, elucidating SHG dynamics and their impact on poverty alleviation efforts. Results reveal a notable increase in SHG membership, with approximately 7.88% of the total population joining SHGs in the last five years. Challenges such as inclusivity and access to resources are identified. This study contributes valuable insights to the discourse on SHG effectiveness in poverty alleviation, informing policy formulation and program implementation for sustainable development and poverty reduction in Bihar.

Natural resource dependence and sustainable development policy: Insights from city-level analysis

Under the unprecedented negative impacts of global economic slowdown and environmental deterioration, the question of how to turn the “natural resource curse” into the “natural resource blessing” has become a major emerging issue. This study estimates how a dynamically implemented sustainable development policy can break down the natural resource curse in 283 Chinese cities from 2009 to 2019, with the time-varying difference-in-differences model adopted. The findings indicate that: (1) As for the pilot cities, this sustainable development policy can reduce their natural resource dependence by 30.81% at the 1% significance level, with the overall policy effect being more evident among resource-based and industry-based cities. (2) Cities can employ green patent output as an effective mechanism to enhance policy-stimulating effects on natural resource dependence, among which green utility patent output works better. (3) Cities in multi-regional-level urban agglomerations will have more policy effects in breaking natural resource curses.

The contribution of public-private partnership (PPP) to sustainability: governance and managerial implications from a literature review

Purpose Based on the theoretical background of stakeholder capitalism, the purpose of this paper is to contribute to the scientific debate on the topic of public–private partnerships (PPPs), considering in particular how this governance structure relates to the pursuit of sustainable development. Specifically, this objective will be pursued with a focus on stakeholder relations and governance aspects, to highlight enablers and barriers in change for sustainability. Design/methodology/approach The systematic literature review is applied starting with the use of keywords in Web of Science, which leads to the extrapolation of 629 articles on the topic of “PPP and sustainability”. Subsequently, through various skimming steps, 75 papers are sampled. A mixed (quantitative-qualitative) approach is then followed: a co-word semantic network to identify the pattern of discourse and a more in-depth and explanatory analysis of the papers. These quantitative and qualitative tools synergistically work together to evidence the main aspects related to the aim of the paper. Findings With reference to the governance structure and stakeholders of PPPs, the analyses highlight the shift towards a triadic type of relational governance that considers stakeholders (especially the community) in addition to public–private partners. This can improve the partnership's performance (particularly in sustainable development) and social legitimacy. With reference to the role of PPPs in the implementation of sustainable development, they have positive potential in terms of implementing sustainability and raising stakeholder awareness of it. Nevertheless, PPPs may entail risks to the implementation of sustainability. The findings lead to some concluding remarks on future research opportunities. Research limitations/implications The research leads to some managerial implications, such as the need to follow a competitive collaboration approach among stakeholders, to develop relational governance skills and related managerial tools and to incorporate sustainability aspects starting from the design of PPPs. Originality/value The originality aspect of this research is the consideration of a PPP by relating it to the pursuit of sustainability. Such an inter-organizational structure could be suitable to deal with the complexity inherent in the implementation of sustainability and is peculiar in terms of governance and stakeholder relations, considering that it is characterised by the presence of several partners of different nature (public and private).

Opportunity Assessment of Virtual Power Plant Implementation for Sustainable Renewable Energy Development in Indonesia Power System Network

Renewable energy sources have become one of the important roles for sustainable energy development. One of the promising mechanisms to deploy renewable energy is through a Virtual Power Plant (VPP), which can integrate various distributed renewable energy resources into a single controllable and deployable entity. This paper examines the opportunity for VPP adoption in Indonesia, which investigates the minimum implementation criteria, provides a gap analysis for VPP implementation, and proposes recommendations for VPP implementation in Indonesia. The implementation criteria are obtained from the literature review, including the lessons learned from other countries, and categorized into four aspects: regulatory, technical, economic, and social. The gap analysis is performed by evaluating the current state of Indonesia’s utility network in correlation with the VPP minimum implementation criteria and then provides a scoring matrix for each criterion. Lastly, the recommendations are arranged to narrow these gaps, organized into ten key focus points, and divided into four phases, initiation, preparation, piloting, and deployment, across a ten-year timeframe.

The Implementation of Sustainable Development to Achieve Climate Justice: Indonesian Perspective as an Archipelagic State

Climate change causes serious impacts to the environment and to human beings. The impacts of climate change cannot be overcome by a single state, but it needs international cooperation. Each state has to act locally to participate in combating climate change in order to achieve climate justice. The research aims to analyze comprehensively the implementation of sustainable development to achieve climate justice Indonesian Perspective as an Archipelagic State. This study is a normative juridical research by applying conceptual and statutory approaches. The result of the research found that the policies strategies and efforts of Indonesian government to participate in achieving climate justice in the global spere still needs to be improved. However, there are some opportunities and challenges that have to be addressed. Thus, it is necessary to educate and to improve the public awareness to participate in the efforts of implementing sustainable development principle to achieve climate justice.

Rethinking higher education in light of the sustainable development goals: results from a workshop and examples of implementation in a medical university

Purpose This study aims to analyse student and teaching staff views on how higher education (HE) can contribute to sustainable development, and to provide examples of how a medical university has adopted the sustainable development goals (SDGs) as part of its institutional strategies and practises. Design/methodology/approach The study is based on participant views from a conference, which aimed to identify actions needed for HE to contribute to the SDGs. More than 500 students, teachers and academic leaders participated at workshops to discuss and reflect on the role of higher education institutions (HEIs) in sustainable development. The discussion key points were recorded on flipcharts, and the analysis builds on all written statements from the nine workshops. Based on the findings from the workshop, steering documents and activities of a medical university were identified as examples of implementation. Findings Two overarching interdependent themes were identified and indicated a need to rethink the role not only of HE per se but also that of HEIs at large, to meet the challenges of sustainable development. The study also provides an example of how such organizational change can be practically implemented at a medical university, through the establishment of overarching institutional strategies, funding opportunities and external collaborations. Practical implications The findings reflect a “bottom-up” call from students and educational staff for HEIs to step up and contribute to systems change – both through a change in pedagogies, as well as through an institution-wide approach and a shift in the role of HEIs in society. Originality/value The study is unique in providing an exemplar of the implementation of sustainable development in HE at a specific medical university.

A sustainable model of municipal economy

Sustainable development is a dynamic process based mainly on quantitative and qualitative changes in the economic, social and ecological spheres in accordance with the needs and preferences of the commune's inhabitants. Municipal management, however, creates favourable conditions for local development and constant improvement of the quality of life of residents. The aim of the study is to analyse municipal management from the perspective of sustainable development. The basic research method used in the study is indicator analysis. The indicators selected for development describe the concept of sustainable development in fundamental areas of the municipal economy, such as energy, water and sewage, waste, municipal housing, public transport and road infrastructure. The research was conducted in Poland in the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship in 2020-2022. The subjects of the study are the 12 municipalities of the Olsztyn district. On the basis of the results obtained, it can be concluded that the best results in terms of creating a sustainable municipal economy are obtained by municipalities which have carried out the largest number of projects in this area, as well as those which have the largest share of forests and waters in the municipal area, e.g. Stawiguda, Dywity, Dobre Miasto, Gietrzwałd. The implementation of sustainable development in municipal management is determined by many economic, social, environmental, spatial and technological conditions. The research will enable local authorities and decision-makers to practically implement the concept of sustainable development in the municipal economy and may also be used in the process of planning investments and local activities, taking into account the economic, ecological and social aspects. The research constitutes the basis for further research work related to the practical implementation and management of sustainable development in municipal management.

Sustainability of agribusiness institutions (case study on horticultural agribusiness farmer groups in Bantaeng Regency)

Institutional has become very valuable in the implementation of sustainable agricultural development. The main objective of this study was to examine the dynamics of the system and the strategy of institutional sustainability of farmer groups in horticultural agribusiness in Bantaeng. Then, the collected data were processed and analyzed using qualitative descriptive with Brinkerhoff institutional sustainability analysis approach. The results showed that the dynamics of the system in changing inputs through the process to produce outputs consistently improved over time conditioning the institutional sustainability of farmer groups in the development of horticultural agribusiness in supporting sustainable agriculture. The contingency power of farmer groups is determined by their ability to respond to the dynamics of the work environment, as well as the political-economic environment through a combination of strategies, both mechanical, adaptive, reactive, and interactive carried out simultaneously or partially to achieve its sustainability level. The effectiveness of institutional sustainability strategies to support system capacity in improving farmer group performance, is indicated by its ability: (1) Creating competitiveness by maintaining product quality; (2) Handling and utilizing waste through innovation and development of product diversification so as to increase income, value added and environmentally friendly; and (3) Creating satisfaction for consumers.

Correlation of Interest, Knowledge, and Local Wisdom in Implementation Sustainable Development Goals

Correlation of Interest, Knowledge, and Local Wisdom in Implementation Sustainable Development Goals

ФОРМУВАННЯ ЕКОЛОГІЧНОЇ ВІДПОВІДАЛЬНОСТІ ПРОВАЙДЕРІВ ПОСЛУГ ГОСТИННОСТІ НА ЗАСАДАХ СОЦІАЛЬНОГО ДІАЛОГУ

The hospitality industry, which is one of the biggest generators of negative impact on the environment, needs transformation and greening. The problem of implementing environmental responsibility among Ukrainian tourism service providers is not just a condition of their competitiveness, but a guarantee of the possibility of functioning and development in the future. The purpose of the study: identification of the parameters of the social dialogue implementation for the formation of ecologically responsible sustainable functioning and development of the hospitality sphere at the level of tourist destination. The subject of the study: theoretical principles and practical experience of implementing social dialogue at the local level. Research methods: general and special methods of scientific knowledge, namely abstraction, induction and deduction, analogy and qualitative comparison were used in the research process. The hypothesis of the study is that the only way to ensure the ecological sustainability of the hospitality sector is the conscious attitude of the local population, as providers of hospitality services, to the existing environmental problems and the desire to preserve the natural, recreational, historical and cultural resources of their own territory. The main results of the study: the analysis of the theoretical basis of the development of the concept of social dialogue and modern international and domestic experience regarding its implementation in the field of hospitality and tourism allowed to determine the parameters of the social dialogue implementation for sustainable ecological development of the hospitality sphere at the local level. The originality and practical significance of the study: the presented parameters of the introduction of social dialogue for the sustainable ecological development of the hospitality sphere at the local level reveal the essence of the process involving not only the local population, but also visitors to the region, who must be informed and responsible for observing the rules and conditions of stay and recreation in the territory of the community. Conclusions: the proposals presented in the study regarding the development of social dialogue for the formation of environmental responsibility of hospitality service providers at the local level are relevant and can be used to overcome the current crisis in the industry, which began during the pandemic and was deepened with the beginning of a full-scale war

Environmental Factors and Adoption of Green Supply Chain Management among SMEs in Nigeria: Moderating Role of Environmental Uncertainty

Environmental regulations and policies have been recognised as significant factors influencing the adoption of Green Supply Chain Management. However, the importance of these factors in influencing sustainable practices within supply chains has been emphasized in recent research as global environmental challenges continue to worsen. As a result, adopting Green Supply Chain Management practices is crucial for ensuring sustainable supply chain operations in Nigeria, as SMEs significantly contribute to economic growth and development in the country. Therefore, this study examines the effect of environmental factors on the adoption of GSCM in the Nigerian SMEs. To measure all the variables, validated items were adapted from prior studies. Thus, 412 copies of questionnaires were retrieved from the selected managers/owners of SMEs after testing for the validity and reliability of instruments through a pilot study. The findings of the study indicated that the environmental factor is a very good predictive faction for the GSCM adoption of SMEs business in Nigeria, most especially in the area of customer demand, environmental regulation, environmental uncertainty, and supplier relationships. Furthermore, the introduction of environmental uncertainty as a moderating effect influence the relationship between an environmental factor and the adoption of GSCM practices in the area of environmental regulation and supplier relationship. The study findings are useful for decision-makers in the SMEs sector so they may build methods to enhance the adoption of GSCM. These findings are also useful for academicians’ future research endeavors. Managers can use those environmental factors concretely as a reference for the companies that intend to support the United Nation SDG-2030 agenda and to find new business opportunities for the implementation of sustainable development. The findings have a number of managerial implications that could contribute to SMEs for planning and development a GSCM strategy through the internal of the green supply chain perspective. This study's recommendations can help Nigeria's SME sector achieve its sustainable development goals and lead global climate change and environmental protection initiatives.

Promoting Green Tourism Synergies with Cultural and Creative Industries: A Case Study of Greece

Green tourism is part of the global effort to create a more sustainable living environment, taking into account the needs of both the industry, the tourists and the local communities. CCIs are considered trustworthy ambassadors of authenticity and life values, and can therefore effectively promote and/or strengthen the ecological value. This paper focuses on the role that cultural and creative industries (CCIs) can play in the implementation of sustainable development, especially in regard to green tourism, focusing on their role as communicators of green messages. The methodological tools used for the collection, analysis and interpretation of data for this research include semiotic analysis in a number of CCIs’ products, coding their ecological messages; content analysis of the CCIs’ digital posts for a one-year period in order to examine the form, types and content of the communication; and a digital ethnography of the users’ comments in order to study the perception and interaction of the receivers of such messages, focusing on past, present and potential tourists. Through the case study of Greece—a well-known tourist destination with rich cultural resources—the author tries to answer to the following research questions: (a) Could green tourism be promoted as a life value through CCIs’ products and messages? (b) Are there any good and innovative practices for such promotion through the synergy of the tourism industry with CCIs that could be used as models for further cases? This paper concludes that CCIs can promote sustainability as a life value through role modeling, educational programs, and subconscious or more straightforward messages, using both their products and formal communication channels. The more successful way for Greek CCIs to promote green tourism is through synergies with official tourism promotion mechanisms. The research shows that in many cases, this linkage has been successful in a number of ways.

Local Awareness and Satisfaction on Sustainable Projects for People with Disabilities

Purpose: The research aimed to determine various sustainable projects offered by various institutions for people with disabilities (PWDs) in Oman; to analyze the local community’s awareness of those projects and their satisfaction with the provided facilities and services to PWDs and to assess the relationship between awareness and satisfaction with the services provided to PWDs. Design/methodology/approach: This study adopted a descriptive research design and a mixed approach. Primary data were obtained through a survey questionnaire and interview. Snowball sampling was employed with a total of 60 respondents from local communities, people living with disabled people, and institutions catering to the needs of people with disabilities. Findings: The findings showed that the majority of the population was highly aware of the education programs, access services, employment, and healthcare provided to people with disabilities. An overall high satisfaction rating was obtained for the provided facilities’ accessibility and services. Furthermore, results indicated no significant association between age groups and participants’ awareness and satisfaction towards facilities accessibility as well as services provided to PWDs. The outcomes likewise revealed a significant moderate, positive correlation between awareness and satisfaction with the services made available for PWDs. Research limitations/implications: The Government of Oman, non-governmental organizations, civil society, and PWDs immensely benefit from this study. This also outlines numerous sustainable initiatives and assessments on the quality of services according to their requirements. This study supports greater community inclusion and participation by PWDs, improving their overall quality of life. Social Implications: This study highlights the gaps and challenges faced in the implementation of projects that may require attention and improvement. This study also raises more awareness in the community about the difficulties experienced by PWDs and the significance of offering them long-term support. Originality / Value: This research study explored the local awareness and satisfaction with available sustainable projects for PWDs in Oman. This also outlines the identification of better strategies and approaches in the implementation of sustainable programs and policy development for people with disabilities among various institutions and the Government of Oman.

The added value of partnerships in implementing the UN sustainable development goals

Partnerships have become a key tool in the implementation of the United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Partnerships can scale up the impact of initiatives by leveraging the strengths and reach of each involved partner. This allows for the replication and expansion of successful projects and programs. In the context of the UN SDGs, partnerships can play a key role in their effective implementation, due to their ability to bring together a variety of stakeholders from different sectors and with different levels of expertise and experience. By leveraging the skills, resources, and capacities of different stakeholders, partnerships can contribute to creating synergies that are essential for the successful implementation of the SDGs. Despite the role of partnerships and their potential value, there is a need for studies that can help understand their role and promote greater transparency and accountability in the implementation of the SDGs. Against this background, this article outlines the concept of partnerships and their values, followed by a description of the partnerships for sustainable development, concerning the implementation of the SDGs and its main features. Some examples of relevant partnerships are presented, outlining their scope and degree of success. Based on the experiences gathered specific suggestions on how to foster partnerships to foster the implementation of sustainable development are provided. It is crucial to define common objectives to ensure alignment and a strong foundation for collaboration, involving diverse stakeholders, including governments, businesses, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), academia, and local communities, thus bringing unique perspectives and resources. Open and transparent communication builds trust and encourages the sharing of ideas and challenges. Additionally, demonstrating the benefits for each partner, whether in reputation, market access, or cost reduction, motivates active engagement, establishes incentive structures, and allows to celebrate successes. Pooling resources, knowledge, and expertise enhances the effectiveness of sustainable development initiatives, encouraging long-term commitments and fostering adaptability in the face of complex challenges. These are specific strategies that highlight the relevance of these findings, in comparison to existing work. Partnerships have evolved into indispensable instruments for the realization of the UN SDGs. Their transformative potential is expected to grow as the future trend, driven by the ongoing need for collaborative solutions to global challenges, becoming instrumental in addressing pressing global issues such as climate change, public health crises, and economic inequalities. In the coming years, a surge in research and initiatives focusing on optimizing partnership models, governance structures, and monitoring mechanisms to enhance accountability and transparency, is anticipated. Furthermore, the integration of digital technologies and data-driven insights into partnership strategies may revolutionize their impact and efficiency. Overall, the evolution of partnerships as a vital force in global sustainability presents a promising future trend with broader applications and a crucial role in addressing multifaceted challenges beyond the SDGs, as demonstrated in this study.

Measurement of Sustainable Development Implementation in Coastal and Ocean Bontang City through State of the Coast Measurement Processes

Development of a coastal area in a sustainable manner, it is necessary to integrate both governance aspects and sustainable development aspects through an integrated coastal management framework approach, starting from preparation, initiation, development, adoption, implementation, refining, and consolidation. At the preparation stage, basic data are compiled in comprehensive and integrated measures of government policies in overcoming environmental problems as outlined in the State of the Coast (SOC) report. The purpose of SOC report development is to identify gaps and review from the aspect of Governance and Sustainability with 11 elements and 36 indicators based on the SDG’s and SDS SEA Programs in a coastal area. The results of the SOC report are used as a basis for local governments to formulate policies for decision-making. Based on an assessment in Bontang City, aspects of governance, elements of policy, strategy, and planning are still relatively lacking. From the sustainable development aspect, elements of food security and livelihood improvement, management and reduction of pollution, utilization, and management of water resources and their recovery still need to be improved.

New and Renewable Energy Policy Implementation for Sustainable Development

Humans are the driving force in all activities on this earth, for this reason human individuality is an important point, to accelerate himself and hone his skills properly, in order to optimize his function as an individual creature. Besides that, because humans also live in society (Zoon Politicon) they must also contribute to the order of life of society and the state as mandated by the constitution, the existence of control and exploitation of natural resources that are fundamental to the life of the nation and state is carried out by the state, including energy natural resources that can be encouraging the growth and improvement of just law, as well as the application of new and renewable energy policies for sustainable development in Indonesia. Based on constitutional support and the need for a legal umbrella to protect new and renewable energy, it is necessary to regulate it comprehensively. This study aims to determine the application of new renewable energy policies for sustainable development. This research method uses a normative juridical research method with a case approach and statutory approach (statute approach). The implementation of new renewable energy policies for sustainable development shows that it has not been optimally implemented, especially in Indonesia, while Indonesia has the potential for large sources of new and renewable energy. However, utilization of this potential is still not maximized due to technological limitations and economic considerations. The business scheme and types of new renewable energy generators which are still small scale are not yet optimal, and the interconnection system is still limited. Therefore, the need for an important urgency in regulating the application of new and renewable energy policies for sustainable development must have a legal basis in its implementation.

The system of investment and construction project management as a component of the company’s sustainable development

Investment and construction companies that have adopted the principles of sustainable development need to transform the project management system accordingly. The article discusses the integration of sustainable development in the management system of investment and construction projects. For this purpose, an analysis of scientific works in this area was conducted. During the study, the correspondence of adaptive management to the concept of sustainable development was revealed. As a result, the certain project management tools (Impact Map, management tasks assignment matrix / RACI (responsible, accountable, consult, inform), kanban board, DMAIC concept (define, measure, analyse, improve, control), Lean Six Sigma, business model canvas for sustainability) were compared with the mechanisms for integration of sustainable development (the definition of sustainable development activities, commitment action log, acceptance (consideration) of complaints, the improvement of sustainable development implementation in investment and construction projects and determination of sustainable development results in reporting). As a result, the problems of accounting and tracing at all stages of sustainable development requirements, as well as the problems of formation of correspondence reporting, were solved.

Toward sustainable port development: an empirical analysis of China’s port industry using an ESG framework

In recent years, the issue of sustainable development has become increasingly important in the port industry. As port policies are altered under decentralization and governance models, the application of corporate responsibility (CR) is expanding. It is now expected that ports take on environmental, social, and governance (ESG) responsibilities. This paper focuses on the application of an ESG framework to the port industry in China, with a specific emphasis on social responsibilities. By focusing on ESG-focal issues in the port industry, we establish a model for evaluating the sustainability of ports that takes into account the three dimensions of environment, society, and governance. An empirical analysis of Shanghai Port in China is presented to illustrate the application of the framework. The paper highlights the main contribution of the ESG framework to support sustainable port development and provides recommendations for promoting the implementation of ESG and sustainable development in the industry.