Implementation Of State Environmental Policy Research Articles

Financial assessment of the implementation of state policy measures in the field of environmental protection: macroeconomic aspect

In the current article, financial aspects of the state environmental policy in Russia at the present stage are observed. The authors study the scale of financial resources allocated for environmental protection at the macroeconomic level in the context of ensuring environmental safety. The review of periodical press materials allowed us to highlight the most pressing issues of eco-investment. When processing statistical data to conduct an analysis of the costs of implementing environmental measures and assessing dissipation of funds in the main categories of expenses, the authors used dyna mic and structural methods of economic analysis with determination of absolute and relative difference. A comparative method was implied in comparing retrospective information to monitor annual budget allocations for the needs of ecology alongside with the table method combined with the graphical one. The assessment of expenditures for environmental protection in Russia for 2017–2021 showed an annual stable growth with an almost twofold increase in the whole five years. A structural analysis in the context of environmental protection activities allowed us to identify the dominant cost items as the most significant in the implementation of state environmental policy. A comparative analysis of the unit costs of environmental protection in percentage of gross domestic product through international comparisons indicates the underfunding of this area by Russian state authorities. The limited amount of finance to ensure rational use of natural resources requires implementing principal measures in accordance with the main priorities of state policy in the field along with application of the most effective ecological and economic tools.

State environmental policy in modern conditions: status and directions of improvement

Problem setting. Given the invasion of Ukraine by the aggressor country, the implementation of the state environmental policy is of particular importance today, and its effective implementation requires the use of effective tools, improvement of current legislation and strategic planning, taking into account the need to intensify European integration and adopt EU best practices in this area. Therefore, the urgent issue now is to identify ways to increase the efficiency of state policy in the environmental sphere, to formulate and optimize the regulatory and legal support for the implementation of state environmental policy. Analysis of recent researches and publications. The issues of implementation of the state environmental policy and the problems of improving the system of public administration of environmental safety have been considered by many scientists. For example, I. I. Samoilova [1] in her scientific works investigated the potential of the public administration system in Ukraine and the issue of its use to ensure environmental safety. Р. S. Kirin and S. V. Hryshchak conducted a comprehensive study of topical issues of ensuring and implementing environmental rights in the strategies of the State environmental policy and security of Ukraine during the wartime period and substantiated that the challenges of the wartime period determine the formation of an appropriate set of legal instruments with the help of which a platform should be built for direct or indirect measures to prevent, protect and restore the environmental rights of citizens violated by armed aggression, including an international mechanism for the restoration of environmental rights. Despite the sufficient number of scientific papers, the chosen research topic requires additional developments due to the need for scientific research on ways to improve the efficiency of state environmental safety and ensure environmentally balanced development of the state. Purpose of research is to study the topical issues of implementation of the State environmental policy in modern conditions and to identify possible areas for its improvement. Article’s main body. In the context of martial law, theoretical and practical issues of effective implementation of the state environmental policy, taking into account the existing processes of deepening the environmental crisis, are gaining particular relevance and new features. Modern processes of greening the world economy based on the concepts of sustainable development, rational use of natural resources and green economy require an effective environmental policy of the world community, with a long-term vision of state changes in accordance with the principles of balanced development laid down in strategic legislative and regulatory documents, but each developed strategy aimed at environmental protection and rational use of natural resources requires a clear mechanism for the implementation of the relevant legislation. That is, the development of relevant strategies requires the implementation of a well-established clear mechanism and consistency with the norms of the current legislation in the field of environmental protection and rational use of natural resources. The provisions of important strategic documents were analyzed, such as: The Basic Principles (Strategy) of the State Environmental Policy of Ukraine until 2030, the National Waste Management Strategy in Ukraine until 2030, and the Strategy for Environmental Security and Climate Change Adaptation until 2030. Some issues of implementation of regional programs on environmental protection, rational use of natural resources and environmental safety are considered. Conclusions and prospects for the development. As a result of the study, it is reasonable to conclude that there are systemic problems in the implementation of the state environmental policy, in particular, the implementation of national and regional strategic priority areas, which require updating the relevant mechanisms for implementing environmental policy, including institutional ones. In addition to the above, it is now necessary to harmonize current legislation with strategic planning documents. That is, the current legislation in the field of environmental security should be correlated with the relevant strategic directions and state programs, which is extremely important in the context of the need to restore the national economy and all components of the country's national security on the way to EU membership.

State policy of Ukraine in the sphere of environmental protection in the context of European integration

Purpose. To develop a systematic approach to implementation of effective state environmental and economic policy of Ukraine and develop regulatory measures to implement environmental protection policy. Methodology. The methods used are: scientific observation to form topic, purpose, objectives of the study; systematic approach to analyze EUs environmental principles and structure of environmental management bodies; analysis/synthesis to compare effectiveness of environmental policy structures; scientific abstraction to develop the structural implementation of the state environmental policy; logical analysis to predict consequences of management actions; induction/deduction for the analysis of intensity energy supply/consumption, development of management actions increasing energy efficiency; quantitative/qualitative comparison for the analysis of regulatory/legislative support for regulation of man-made environmental impact. Findings. The analysis of the state and supranational ecological policy is carried out, the efficiency of the ways of implementation of environmental protection principles is determined. The structure of the state ecological policy, which will allow increasing efficiency of decision-making on environmental protection, is developed. It is established that the state environmental policy should be comprehensive because its emergence will affect its effectiveness. Regulatory measures of ecological and economic policy in the legislative, normative and legal spheres are offered. Originality. A structural approach to environmental policy implementation is proposed, which is used for analysis in relation to the energy sector. An ecological and economic indicator of efficiency of ecological policy expenses of primary energy on unit of GDP is offered. The forecast of energy intensity of GDP for 2022 is developed. It is established that slowing down the rate of energy reduction requires strengthening regulatory measures. Practical value. The structure of environmental policy implementation can be used for systemic public administration reform. Forecasting the energy intensity of GDP and slowing down the rate of energy reduction can be used to develop regulatory measures, as energy largely determines the environmental/economic indicators in related industries.

Principles of natural capital preservation in the context of strategy of state environmental safety

The article analyzes issue of strategy forming of state development through prism of state environmental safety, preservation of its natural capital in the process of formation and implementation of state environmental policy. Basic ecological, economic, social principles of natural capital preservation of Ukraine are considered. Possibilities of ecological network development of Ukraine are investigated. A comprehensive knowledge framework for the management of natural capital is shown.

Eco-innovation vs. environmental taxation: what is more effective for state budget?

The article is devoted to the comparative analysis of the use of environmental taxes and the introduction of environmental innovations in terms of impact on the parameters of revenues and expenditures of the state budget. The study includes 10 countries of Central and Eastern Europe (Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Hungary, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Slovenia and Slovak Republic). The analysis period covers 2010–2019. Systematization of scientific research proves the importance of using different tools to ensure sustainable development and greening of the national economy. The main purpose of the study is to determine a more effective form of interaction between government and business in the process of transforming the national economy in the direction of more environmentally friendly products and technologies by economic and mathematical modeling of environmental taxes and eco-innovation impact of budget revenues and expenditures. The calculations consist on the several stages: 1) determining the list of relevant control variables using correlation analysis, which eliminates the problem of multicollinearity; 2) determination of the model specification (fixed or random effects) using the Hausman test; 3) identification of the generalizing effects of the impact of environmental taxation and the eco-innovation index on the indicators of budget revenues and expenditures using a generalized least squares panel regression model with random effects; 4) study of the impact of the main components of environmental taxes and components of the eco-innovation index on the parameters of the state budget using panel regression modelling; 5) determination of short-term and long-term effects of the impact of environmental taxes and eco-innovations on the parameters of budget revenues and expenditures bt auto-regression distributive lag modelling. Stata 12/SE software tools were used for calculations. The study indicates the need to transform approaches to the implementation of state environmental policy. Thus, it has been proven that government incentives for the introduction of environmental innovations in the economy can be more effective than increasing the burden of environmental taxes.

Economic instruments for the implementation of state environmental policy

The article considers ecological and economic instruments in the context of implementation of the state ecological policy and sustainable development of regions. The number of eco-policy instruments used for economic protection of the environment is constantly changing and expanding. The features that characterize economic instruments are identified: the theoretical basis for the use of economic instruments is the idea of external environmental costs, which are expressed in the negative forms of impact of production and consumption of the environment; secondly, environmental and economic instruments are aimed, on the one hand, on the economic support of rational nature management, and on the other - on environmental protection; third, the basis for the practical application of economic instruments are the principles of "polluter pays" and "user pays"; fourth, economic instruments contribute to the development of a "green" economy, which is the driving force of sustainable (balanced) development. Environmental and economic instruments determine the financial strategy, and this is a solid foundation for the concept of sustainable development. There are two main groups of environmental and economic instruments of state regulation in the field of environmental protection: the first group is represented by fiscal and budgetary economic instruments (environmental taxation, environmental payments and fees, environmental regulation and penalties for violations of environmental legislation), the second group of economic instruments for the implementation of state environmental policy is related to the system of financial and economic incentives for environmental activities (preferential taxes, soft loans, subsidies, market formation of environmental goods and services). The main directions of improving the implementation of economic instruments of public administration in the field of environmental protection are identified.

РЕАЛІЗАЦІЯ ЕКОЛОГІЧНОЇ ПОЛІТИКИ НА МІСЦЕВОМУ ТА РЕГІОНАЛЬНОМУ РІВНЯХ

Попри широке вживання поняття «екологічна політика» в нормативних актах, його зміст у них не розкривається. Це зумовлює актуальність наукових пошуків у даному векторі. Стаття присвячена дослідженню природи й сутності, специфіки реалізації екологічної політики України на місцевому та регіональному рівнях. Аналіз екологічної політики крізь призму юридичної природи державного управління у сфері довкілля дозволяє виділити її напрями та рівні здійснення (державний та місцевий/регіональний). Реалізація державної екологічної політики на місцях здійснюється одночасно трьома системами: системою місцевих рад та їх виконавчих органів, системою місцевих державних адміністрації та системою територіальних органів виконавчої влади у сфері екологічного управління. Суб’єкти цих систем взаємодіють між собою на засадах координації й субординації та наділені широкими повноваженнями у сфері екологічного управління в межах територій їх розташування.

СТАЛИЙ РОЗВИТОК ЯК ОСНОВА ЕКОЛОГІЧНОЇ ПОЛІТИКИ УКРАЇНИ

It is established that sustainable development is the basis of Ukraine's environmental policy, which contributes to the balanced use of natural resources, environmental protection and human needs. The definition of the concept of "sustainable development", the main principles of the concept of sustainable development, the elements of the concept of sustainable development are studied. The definition of sustainable development as the interaction of man and nature on the basis of balance and interdependence, provides for rational and efficient consumption of natural resources, minimization of negative impacts on them in the process of meeting the needs of the individual. It is determined that global environmental issues require joint efforts and the implementation of appropriate policies at the state level. It is proved that the environmental policy of Ukraine is based on the principles of sustainable development and regulatory documents approved at the international, regional and national levels. The focus is on regulations governing the implementation of the main provisions of the concept of sustainable development. Important for humanity is the document approved in 2015 at the UN Summit, "Transforming our world: the agenda for sustainable development until 2030", which approved 17 Sustainable Development Goals. The signing of the Association Agreement between Ukraine, on the one hand, and the European Union, the European Atomic Energy Community and their Member States, on the other hand, confirmed Ukraine's intentions to further cooperate at the regional level in the field of environmental protection. It has been established that Ukraine is building its policy in view of the relevant commitments. At the national level, the concept of sustainable development is enshrined in the legislation of Ukraine, which lays the foundations of environmental policy and sets indicators for assessing the implementation of state environmental policy in the future.

Theoretical foundations for the implementation of state environmental policy in Ukraine

Theoretical foundations for the implementation of state environmental policy in Ukraine

Innovative Approach to Evaluation of the Decoupling Phenomena in Making Decision on Investment of Agro-Business

The author's suggestions for improving the method of assessing the effectiveness of the implementation of state environmental policy of the country by supplementing the list of common environmental performance indicators, indicators of the decoupling phenomenon, which are based on indicators of economic growth in both the country as a whole and individual industries are presented in the article. Implementation of these proposals in practice will ensure that the government makes clear and prudent decisions about increasing agricultural production, saving the environment and using natural resources to meet the modern needs of mankind and the interests of future generations in food security, safety and health.

Problematic issues of ecological (technogenic) safety management (regulatory aspect)

The article discusses some of the problematic issues of ecological (technogenic) safety management, which are normative in nature, and, to a greater extent, related to the imperfection of Ukrainian legislation in the aspects of the formation and implementation of state environmental policy. At the same time, for the authors, it seems interesting to focus on adapting the policy to a paradigm of a risk-based approach, taking into account the problems of technological safety (the state of protection of the population, territory, objects from the negative consequences of technological emergencies) of Crimea, eastern Ukraine and troops (forces) that take participation in the operation of the Joint Forces.
 This is due to the fact that in the leading countries of the world funding for scientific research in the field of risk analysis and assessment is constantly increasing, scientific areas of risk research have been formed: in transport, industry, natural and man-made emergencies, special tasks, and professional safety activity, risk, in particular, during the performance of tasks in emergency situations of natural, man-made and military nature.
 The results of the study can be used in organizing the liquidation of the consequences of emergency situations of various nature and in managing technogenic safety by minimizing the risk of personnel during the use of defense forces in emergency situations, including in the operation of the Joint Forces.

Особливості державного регулювання регіональної екологічної політики в Україні

State environmental policy can be defined as the activity of public authorities, focused on the formation and development of environmental production / consumption and ecological culture of human life. In this regard, environmental policy is influenced by such factors as: the rate of development of production, economic and social stability, the level of environmental culture of the population, the provision of specialists, the scale of nature use. In the conditions of the development of modern state-building, the role of the state in the formation and implementation of environmental policy is increasing, among the main tasks of which is the stabilization and improvement of the ecological state of the country through the implementation of the state ecological policy in accordance with the integrated approach of socioeconomic development of Ukraine to ensure the transition to sustainable development and the introduction of environmentally balanced systems of nature management. The priority of the territorial approach to the implementation of state environmental policy makes it possible to take into account the particularities of each region. In recent years, the implementation of state environmental policy at the regional level has become increasingly important. Different regions of the country have their own special historical, natural, social and economic conditions for the functioning of territories with the whole complex of life processes and the specificity of the impact on the natural environment. The ecological situation in Ukraine, depending on the territorial affiliation, varies both by the severity of the problems and the possibilities of their practical solution. The purpose of state environmental policy should be to create conditions for harmonious, balanced development of society, economy and the environment. In view of this, regional differentiation of management decisions and practical actions in the framework of specific mechanisms of implementation of state environmental policy, functioning of which should be aimed at creating conditions for harmonious and balanced development of the environment, stabilization and improvement of the ecological situation. The policy of effective sustainable development of the region should become the mechanism of state environmental policy at the regional level.