Implementation Of Smart City Concept Research Articles

Study of Smart Cities Based on Human Capital (Case of Russian Research-Driven Towns as Proto-Smart Cities)

Existent philosophical literature has been largely focusing on the ethical aspects and controversies of developing and using smart technologies such as AI and big data, whereas human capital and infrastructural environment as pre-existing factors have been covered by AI Ethics in a lesser extent. Most of the current research focuses on technical infrastructural aspects in the implementation of complex «smart projects», while insufficient attention is paid to the role of social capital. In order to widen the focus and to include human capital and infrastructural developments coming along with the increasing role of AI, the paper takes a novel look at philosophical underpinnings of smart cities and discusses the concept of the Russian Naukograd (literally from Russian – City of Science, or Researchers’ city, meaning a city which is developing as a community of scientists and academics) as a historical approach for smart city concept implementation. The authors apply theoretical methods of cognition (analysis, synthesis) as well as the case study approach to the Russian (Soviet) experience in forming research-driven cities in order to highlight the value of high scientific, industrial and educational capital («smart nation») as a fundamental factor for the stable long-term development of modern cities. The findings suggest that some concepts of the Russian Naukograd for example the focus on research and education are valuable and that investment in social capital (i. e., people) should stand on the same footing as investment in technology developing a smart city. In this approach the prefix «smart» may stand for «smart citizens/nations» as a pivotal framework at the initial stages of smart cities development.

A predictive and normative model for the “smart city” implementation concept in expert discourse

The smart city concept strikes a discourse in the academic, media, political field in the present period. Discursive topics for that matter are the concept implementation model of choice determination, including its main structural parameters and the horizons of future develop-ment establishment. The challenge is the lack of a comprehensive approach to provide the effectiveness of social elements in the model of implementation of the concept of the smart city. The research issue includes an expert diagnosis parameter of the citizen as a subject. Set of parameters characterizing the social space of the city, namely, activity, identity, norms of trust and solidarity of the population, which together reflect the level of citizens’ subjectivity is proposed to take as a system indicator of the model of concept’s realization. The author model of the smart city concept implementation complements and expands the quadruplehelix model. The purpose of the work is aimed at predictive-normative model diagnostics by the expert community of the city for its integration into the management practice. Representatives of authorities, businesses, non-profit organizations of six cities as experts (Tyumen, Tobolsk, Khanty-Mansiysk, Surgut, Salekhard, Novy Urengoy) evaluated the implementation, prospects of the approach in their cities and the possibility of including the subjective model in management practice. The survey uncovered some degree of contradictions in the positions of experts on the predictive and normative model for the concept’s implementation. Most experts admit the increasing city dwellers subjectivity, but do not see opportunities and conditions for new forms of its institutionalization. As whole expert attitudes are not predictive, but rather demonstrate a prolongation of the existing provisions and trends of urban development. Nevertheless, the study showed that the parameters of the subject model are not in conflict with the existing model and can be used in the practice of urban management.

Implementation of Smart City Concept for Sustainable Development in Semarang Old Town Area

The Old Town Area of Semarang has become a ’Pilot Project’ for developing the smart city concept in Semarang. On the other hand, this area is a cultural heritage area, so the implementation of the smart city concept should be able to support the preservation of buildings and the history of the area. The Covid-19 pandemic has affected the implementation of smart cities, considering that activities in the Old Town Area have decreased drastically. This study aims to identify the application of the smart city concept in the Old Town Area of Semarang. The study conducted was in 2020, when the Covid-19 pandemic was still occurring in the community.The study’s initial stage was compiling the dimensions and indicators of smart cities as study variables and exploring smart city regulations in Semarang. In the second stage, to obtain information on the implementation of a smart city in the Old Town Area of Semarang, we conducted interviews with stakeholders from the government, cultural heritage activists, and communities related to the Old Town Area, and building occupants. As a result, we collected information regarding the implementation of smart city before and during the Covid-19 pandemic. The content analysis processed the result of the interview. Meanwhile, we used descriptive analysis techniques to study the dimensions and indicators and smart city regulations in Semarang. From the study results, the implementation of smart city in the Old Town of Semarang was organized into categories: appropriate, still not suitable and not suitable. The dimension of smart city that has appropriate is Smart Living. The dimensions that are still not suitable are Smart Governance, Smart Environment, Smart Economy and Smart Mobility. Meanwhile, the dimension that has not suitable is Smart People. Based on the six dimensions of smart city, there are 25 indicators, and the study results state that only 18 indicators are appropriate.

The Role of Crosswalks in the Smart City Concept Implementation from the “iGen” Perspective

In this article, the authors assumed that the “iGeneration” is the leading driving force for the SMART orientation of modern cities. Dynamic and multidirectional technical and technological processes introduce a new level of changes in urban space, adapting it to the present and future requirements of its inhabitants in a sustainable manner. An important infrastructure element of the urban space is the crosswalk, being an inseparable element of everyday life in the city. As part of a clear emphasis on the issue of vulnerable road users’ protection, the aim of the article is to examine the perception of users regarding crosswalks in Poland, based on the example of Szczecin. The main aim of the article is to identify the dimensions of crosswalk perception. The specific objectives include the determination of the state of knowledge about the essence and typology of crosswalks and the identification of good practices in their designation. Literature analysis, questionnaire research, and a case study were used. In the adopted research methodology, the use of the questionnaire made it possible to identify key intersections (Five Stars), each different in their form, and to learn about the perception dimensions of this element of urban space. In the context of the Smart City concept implementation, the perception of crosswalks by young city residents, i.e., the “iGeneration”, was examined. The obtained results allowed to perform a systematic analysis that focuses on individual behavioral aspects and subjectivism of the assessment of crosswalks in comparison with the commonly dominant architectural, engineering, and legal perspectives. The research allowed to assess the topology of intersections as well as the indication of safety improvement recommendation lists, taking into account intergenerational optics.

Infrastructural Development of Smart Cities as the Background of Digital Transformation of Territorial Units

The Interoperability, continuous data and technology flow are core requirements of a proper smart city. Smart cities take on the characteristics of innovative, competitive and attractive megalopolises, which is strategically important for residents and investors. The aim of the article was to identify the current state and current issues of the Smart City concept implementation in Ukraine in the context of the experience of developed countries. The main methodological tools included the observation, statistical and comparative analysis. The study found that the effective development of digital transformation of territorial units in Ukraine requires focusing on certain factors during the implementation of the Smart City concept. Such factors conditionally include: technology-based infrastructure; environmental comments; constructive level of public transport; progressive city plans; opportunities for citizens to use appropriate resources. It was found reasonable to introduce infrastructural development of smart cities in Ukraine as a foundation of digital transformation of territorial units. Smart Cities were substantiated as an important tool for effective prevention and control of the pandemic without the introduction of restriction policies. A comparative analysis of the practice of Ukraine and developed countries in the implementation of infrastructural development of Smart Cities is a promising area of further research.

Smart city: A critical assessment of the concept and its implementation in Romanian urban strategies

The last decades pressured the cities all over the world to become smarter and to develop smart initiatives in order to keep up with the global trends. Nevertheless, the pace to reach this objective vary considerable from one country to another. For the urban areas from the post-communist block the race to smartness started late and run into a series of obstacles related to financing, understanding, and stakeholders’ involvement. Our paper assesses the insertion, evolution, and implementation of smart city concept in such a territory (Romanian cities), while simultaneously addressing the issue of transparency of smart projects. The study found an increasing openness of authorities to integrate smart components within the city profile with a focus on smart mobility domain, mostly connected with smart apps and online platforms. However, little information is available regarding the smart projects, with discrepancies between the statistics and the available information, suggesting the need for clarifications and harmonized statistics in order to articulate more effective evidence-based policies.

UTAUT Model for Smart City Concept Implementation: Use of Web Applications by Residents for Everyday Operations

The article considers the attitude of smart city residents towards the use of web applications in everyday life. It is very important for many stakeholders since it affects the involvement of people in all processes of urban life and contributes to the implementation of the smart city concept. The goal of the research is to study the factors influencing the intention and use of web applications in a smart city. Based on the results of surveying the residents of Riga, the UTA UT model was applied with the employment of partial least squares structural equation modeling in Smart PLS. The traditional constructs of the UTAUT model—Performance Expectancy (PE), Effort Expectancy (EE), Social Influence (SI), Facilitating Conditions (FC), as well as Attitude towards the use of Applications (ATA)—had a direct or indirect positive relationship with the intention to use technologies (Behavioral Intention: BI) and/or with usage of these technologies (Use Behavior: UB). Anxiety indirectly via ATA showed a negative effect on UB. The influence of Age, Gender and Education on BI and UB as moderators was also investigated. Only Age as a moderator negatively affected the relationship between FC and PE and SI. The results showed that in order to involve in full scope of the population of Riga in the use of communication technologies and the implementation of the smart city concept, it is necessary to create the appropriate conditions for residents, in particular by teaching people on a permanent basis. Some of the obtained results were different from similar studies’ results, which emphasizes that city authorities and other stakeholders should make decisions on the involvement of citizens in smart process based on the local peculiarities, which supports the slogan of smart cities—think globally, act locally.

Smart City Projects in the Small-Sized Municipalities: Contribution of the Cohesion Policy

The paper focuses on the smart city concept implementation in the Czech Republic during 2007-2013. The aim is to deliver a closer look at the implementation of the concept in the conditions of the selected Czech municipalities by means of decoding the investments from the EU Cohesion policy. The municipalities represent small sized cities that have so far been on the periphery of interest in smart city debate as they are neither metropolises nor do they fit the newer concept of smart village. The analysed projects are divided into six smart city dimensions, the authors then explore investment intensity in relation to city size and its future commitment to become a smart city by means of having a formalized strategy. The results show that Czech municipalities invested into all smart city dimensions and infrastructure related projects prevailed. The larger the city the more intensive investment activity confirming the relation between size and absorption capacity. The divisive dimension that sets apart future smart cities is the investment into smart economy measures which were implemented in cities that later officially undertake the commitment of smartness.

A framework: Implementation of smart city concept towards evacuation route mapping in disaster management system

Due to the complex nature of disaster, elaborating smart city environment has being important matter in term of enhancing the resilience, awareness and preparedness. Therefore, this research propose a collaborative framework of disaster awareness system that can integrate multiple data resources in smart city ecosystem. The system architecture consist of four tiers; (1) sensor tier, which is responsible for retrieving and updating information about reality from sensors; (2) database tier, which is responsible for collecting information from related domain resources (3) decision support tier, with respect to examine the continuously updated situations for making emergency decision; and (4) alert tier, which is responsible for informing and warning citizens who living within risk area. By using earthquake impact assessment of Taiwan earthquake, the framework is built in knowledge to evaluate service area of hospital and provide evacuation route using network analyst. From infrastructure perspective, standards are introduced to resolve the various heterogeneity issues between different stakeholders. The result of hospital service area analysis is 1207 km2 and decreases about 474.5 km2 after the earthquake. Moreover, the comparison of route analysis between before and after earthquake indicates that the implementation of smart city concept and network analyst sussessfully minimize travel time until 10 minutes.

Economical valuation for measuring renewable energy efficiency as the implementation of smart city concept at Surabaya City

Energy is the most important part of supporting human necessity. For this while, the crude oil energy which is mostly needed at Indonesia are fuel oil and electricity. Unfortunately, the domestic crude oil reserves are diminishing and global crude oil’s price has always fluctuated. Thus, the development of renewable energy is necessary. However, the alternative energy development in Indonesia still relies on fossil energy, which is not environmental friendly yet. Smart energy is one of the existed approaches in the concept implementation of smart city. Surabaya city has already had a number of innovations in smart energy implementation of alternative uses in utilizing renewable energy for particularly public services, such as solar cell, garbage power plant, and the application of wind turbine. Some of the mentioned alternative energy have been tried at government’s buildings, other government’s facilities, and public street lighting. There are some occurrences of problems such as the lack of readiness of the supporting facility, the energy production made a few trial project slowed down to be implemented. This study is trying to economically valuate about the efficiency level of renewable energies which have been tried. This study aims to offer an advantage of choosing the best alternative energy to be mass implemented. Thus, the smart city concept, especially smart energy, can be thoroughly implemented using the most efficient type of energy.

The method of improvement of quality of life of older people as users and maintainers of technical means in Smart City

Abstract The article attempts to identify opportunities to improve the quality of life of older people by implementing smart city solutions. Literature research presented in it contains answers to the following questions: what is planned to be achieved as a result of the smart city concept implementation, why this concept is implemented, who participates in this task and how to achieve the expected result of smart city implementation. In response to the first and second question, attention is paid to the needs of older people – smart city solutions exploitators, associated with a specific type of transport, which must be met to achieve quality of life at a certain level. The answer to the third question is an indication of the participants, such as designers, constructors, producers of solutions in the area of the smart city, as well as their exploiters. The last ones may be customers of transport organizations (passengers, users of the water supply system), users (drivers) and maintainers of transport means. Participants in transport systems – local authorities responsible for its functioning as well as the management of the transport company – may also participate in the discussed participation. Tasks that should be given to individual participants in the process of meeting needs have been defined. It was also pointed out that their role should not focus solely on technical aspects, but social participation is of particular importance, on which the quality of life of people in society depends. Therefore, the selected method of technology assessment, which together with engineering methods should condition the course of the process of satisfying the needs aimed at obtaining the desired solutions in the smart city area, have been indicated. The result of the conducted research is the concept of an indicator that supports the process of technology assessment in the smart city area. Along with this concept, examples of questions which may form the basis of calculations with its use are listed.

The Role of the Białystok Science and Technology Park in Implementing the Smart City Concept

The article contains a critical analysis of the Triple Helix model – both on a theoretical plane and in the context of its application to the functioning of the Białystok Science and Technology Park (BSTP). The authors stress that the Triple Helix model should be adjusted to local conditions. Its implementation requires modifications that take into account both the current state and future goals, which should ensure socio-economic development of the city. The BSTP, founded by the local self-government, plays the key role in the city development. While being a hybrid institution, it creates proper conditions to generate innovative undertakings which are necessary for the implementation of smart city concept in Białystok. The authors maintain that Białystok is at the stage of integrating science and business, but ultimately the public sector should restrict its activity to ‘support on demand’. Current success of local companies in the STP is a sign of effective implementation of the smart city concept, which is beneficial for the citizens.

Implementation of Smart City Concept in Ukraine

The article deals with development of Ukrainian cities within the Smart City concept based on the experience of foreign countries. The experience of such countries as Sweden and Denmark has been analyzed. The main attention is paid to those elements of the concept that can be implemented in Ukraine at present. The analysis identified the following conditions for the development of the Smart City concept: the development of an effective e-government, transparency, inclusion in international economic processes, attracting new players and new sources of funding, service integration, strategic planning of the new business model, leadership and championship. These elements are relevant for implementation in Ukraine. Two regions of Ukraine, namely, the Black Sea and Slobozhansky regions, were selected to analyze the pace of implementing the Smart City concept. The geographic location, climatic conditions and infrastructure potential of these regions create good prospects for their attractiveness in the global world. The research has identified elements of the Smart City concept that has already been introduced and provided recommendations for possible next steps in Smart City development in Ukraine.

Urban remote sensing with lidar for the Smart City Concept implementation

Introduction of the problem. The paper emphasizes that the key features of the contemporary urban development have caused a number of challengers, which require the innovative technological introductions in urban studies. The research goal of this paper means representing a multifunctional approach, which combines author’s urbogeosystem (UGS) theory with the URS (Urban Remote Sensing) technique for LiDAR (Light Detection And Ranging) data processing. The key elements of the Smart City concept within a geospatial perspective. Three basic assumptions are implied due to the affiliation “a geospatial perspective ó the Smart City concept” (SCC). The five key elements of the SCC have been outlined: Innovations; Scalability; Data gathering, measuring, and mining; Addressing environmental challengers; Interlink between the smart meter information and the geo-sensor information. The urbogeosystemic approach as a tool for simulating the “smart urban environment” – a core node of the Smart City hierarchy. The urbogeosystemic ontological model has been introduced as a trinity-tripod (urban citizens, municipal infrastructure, urbanistic processes and phenomena). The “smart urban environment” is a core node of an urbogeosystem. Processing results of LiDAR surveying technique. With increasing availability of LiDAR data, 3D city models of robust topology and correct geometry have become the most prominent features of the urban environment. Three key advantages of the LiDAR surveying technique have been introduced. The flowchart of the operational URS / LiDAR / GIS workflow for the Smart City implementation has been depicted. Urban Remote Sensing for data mining / city analytics and the EOS LiDAR Tool. ELiT (EOS LiDAR Tool) software is both a separate web-based (network) generator (an engine) – ELiT Server, and an integrated component of EOS Platform-as-a-Service software – ELiT Cloud. The allied one to these two products is our desktop ElitCore software, that possesses even broader functionality. The paper outlines the whole framework of urban data mining / city analytics relevant to the mentioned applications. The ELiT software use cases for the Smart Cities. A number of use cases that can be completed with the ELiT software in the common urban planning domain have been described and illustrated. Each from five scenarios presented suggests some unique solution within the frameworks of the SCC implementation. Conclusion, future research and developments. The completed research results have been summarized. An entity of the urban geoinformation space has been introduced. A geodatabase of ELiT 3D city models has been assigned a mandatory key component of the urban decision support system.

Analysis of the Features of the Implementation of Smart City Concept in Russia

Analysis of the Features of the Implementation of Smart City Concept in Russia

ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ІНГІБІТОРНИХ МЕРЕЖ ПЕТРІ ДЛЯ ПОБУДОВИ АВТОМАТИЗОВАНОЇ СИСТЕМИ ОБЛІКУ ПАСАЖИРОПОТОКУ ГРОМАДСЬКОГО ТРАНСПОРТУ "РОЗУМНОГО" МІСТА

Визначено загальний тренд політичних ініціатив Європейського Союзу щодо модернізації та підвищення ефективності всіх сфер діяльності сучасних мегаполісів. Проведено аналіз базових принципів концепції "розумного" міста, спрямованих на оптимізацію транспортної системи сучасних міст. Доведено важливість дослідження пасажиропотоків громадського транспорту, результати якого можна використати для розроблення комплексу дій із вдосконалення організації наявних перевезень пасажирів на діючих маршрутах, а також для реорганізації транспортної мережі міста загалом. Здійснено аналіз засобів моделювання складних дискретних систем для побудови та дослідження моделей автоматизованої системи обліку пасажирів у громадському транспорті "розумного" міста. Доведено, що використання інгібіторних мереж Петрі забезпечує ефективніший процес моделювання, адже для побудови моделі на їх основі потрібно використати менше елементів мережі, що призводить до генерації чіткішого, зрозумілішого та легшого для аналізу графу досяжності станів мережі Петрі. Розроблено модель контролера збирання даних про пасажиропотік автоматизованої системи на основі інгібіторних мереж Петрі. Використання інгібіторних мереж Петрі дає змогу спростити структуру моделі, що призводить до зменшення обчислювальних ресурсів, які необхідні для реалізації моделі засобами персонального комп'ютера.

A Comparison Between Smart City Approaches in Road Traffic Management

Abstract The population growth and economic development increase the need for mobility. As consequences, we can mention the environmental impact of CO 2 emissions and that the road accidents are among the top 10 causes of death worldwide. As a solution to this problem, the concept of Intelligent Transportation Systems emerged. Part of this concept is smart city approach, consisting in a combination of Internet of Things and Information and Communication Technology to manage city issues. After 2014, a lot of regulations were established by the European Parliament, regarding smart city concept implementation. The purpose of this paper is to present a comparison between the implementation of smart city approach in different locations from Romania.

Big data: perspectives of using in urban planning and management

To date, there is no doubt about the need and possibilities of using large amounts of information. So called “Big Data" technology is used in a variety of areas, and urban planning is no exception. The article discusses how to use large amounts of information for a competent design of social and engineering urban networks in the interests of cities residents while preserving historical appearance of cities. The proposed hypothesis states that urban planning can transition to a new higher level with the introduction of "Big Data" technology based on the concept of "Smart City", which not only makes the life of residents comfortable, but also allows making timely adjustments to one or other urban process with the purpose of its improvement. Additionally, possible approaches of the concept implementation and their applicability under various conditions are discussed. The article analyzes the experience of Smart City concept implementation as a part of "Big Data" technologies in practice of a number of European cities. Important positive results of such implementation are noted. The role and place of each of the parties interested in sustainable development of the city, in the development of intellectual systems for managing this development is discussed. In particular, a lot of attention is paid to the role of the state as the initiator and coordinator of interaction between the parties, the main holder and user of data, services and infrastructure. It is concluded that the potential built into the "Big Data" technology will allow us to move to a new level of urban planning, based on real urban data collected by various technical means.

Designing Module E-Complaint System Based on Geotagging and Geofencing

The government initiative in the implementation of smart city concept is an effort in the management of a city. In the governance of a town, public service is one of the most important aspects. Improving public services requires public role because the society is the direct users of public services. One role of the community in improving public service is to provide information or complaint to the government. However, the media where the public reports such information has yet been optimum. Therefore, the researcher assumed that the public needs certain media as well as some support system where they can make complaints related to public service. The support system is in the form of e-complaint system installed on smartphones equipped with geotagging techniques to determine exactly where the complaint is made (location) and geofencing method to determine which territory the complaint belongs to. In this study, the researcher explained the process of designing module for geotagging and geofencing-based e-complaint system. Several experiments were conducted to find out the accuracy of these techniques. With 94% accuracy, geofencing was a suitable technique to apply. In addition, geotagging techniques using EXIF of a digital image was considered the most suitable technique for the e-complaint system rather than other geotagging techniques.