Implementation Of Scientific Research Research Articles

On the priority of V.S. Gruzdev in the experiment on in vitro fertilization

Among the many methods of teaching students, special attention is drawn to becoming a specialist through the implementation of scientific research. V.S.Gruzdev, having mastered under the guidance of Professor V.A.Manassein the first skills of scientific research, widely used them in his development as an obstetrician-gynecologist. Later he formed his own scientific school, which still exists today. One of his early works was the study of artificial insemination in mammals. This research, ahead of its time, marked the beginning of the study of in vitro fertilization. He revealed an important regularity in the development of a fertilized egg when it is planted in the oviduct. Other contemporary embryologists also spoke about this feature, mentioning that V.S.Gruzdev became the first scientist who described it. It is important that Viktorin Sergeevich proposed a plan to resolve the problem of infertile marriage, through his experiments as a result of his research, followers were able to significantly increase the number of pregnancies that occurred as a result of the treatment of obstruction of the fallopian tubes and identify problems associated with the pathology of spermatogenesis in men, and their role in an infertile marriage. Professor P.V.Manenkov, being a student and follower of V.S.Gruzdev, continued the work of his teacher and was also able to further participate in the development of a bill draft on heteronomous conception.

Project and Process Approaches in Science

The comparison of the project and process approach to the management of the scientific sector is carried out. The classification of projects in terms of their scale, financial instruments for supporting scientific research in project and process approaches, the regulatory framework for the implementation of the project approach, the interests of participants in the organization of scientific research in terms of their interest in the project version of science management are considered. It is shown that the project and process approaches to management are not antagonists and the science management system should combine both of them. At the same time, the lack of infrastructure for the organization of large scientific and technical projects, the experience of organizing such activities among the majority of participants in the management and implementation of scientific research, the interest of the majority of participants in the project approach was noted. The organization of large complex scientific and technical projects cannot be financed in the same way as the formation of small and medium-sized projects is financed, for the organization of large complex projects a higher level of management organization is required, which is currently absent.

Category-terminological apparatus of modern social upbringing

Introduction. Social upbringing has taken shape in the branch of pedagogical knowledge – the pedagogy of social upbringing, and its categorical and terminological apparatus remains unformed and imperfect. This leads to the arbitrariness of the description of social and educational phenomena in the theory and practice of social upbringing; loss of categorisation, meaning of terms and their incompleteness that results in the inconsistency of social upbringing theory, etc.Aim. The aim of the present article is a theoretical substantiation and description of the category-terminological apparatus of modern social upbringing based on the developed category classification, which acts as a means of systematising scientific knowledge.Methodology and research methods. The methodological foundations of the study were categorical, systemic and holistic approaches. Theoretical methods were used as research methods: categorical analysis and synthesis, methods of classification, systematisation and generalisation, categorical methods of triadic decoding of categories and permutations.Results. The study describes a two-level classification of categories developed by the author. Categories of the first order are allocated on the basis of purpose, include in their composition: base category, system and process categories. Categories of the second order are allocated on the basis of the use of mechanisms for the formation of categories, contain in their composition: a key category, synthesised, integrated and additional categories. The categorical system of social education is described. The categorical system of social upbringing is understood as a specially developed form of organisation of scientific knowledge, which makes it possible to holistically represent the objects of social education through given meaningful relationships between categories in the totality of their interaction.Scientific novelty. The scientific novelty of the study is the formation of a categorical system of social upbringing through a category-terminological apparatus, which provides the terminological unity of theory and practice, supplementing and concretising them and ensuring consistency and integrity. The developed categorical system of social upbringing does not change, but complements the specific scientific level of pedagogy methodology. By ensuring the completeness of the categorical apparatus, thecomplex of methods used in the analysis of the categories of social upbringing, enriches the technological level of pedagogy methodology with new methods of triadic decoding of categories and permutations. A new level of development of professional speech is being formed on the basis of its scientifically substantiated filling with a categorical system of social upbringing.Practical significance. The practical significance of the study lies in the fact that the categorical system of social upbringing can be used in the development of basic educational programmes of the psychological and pedagogical direction, training courses, methodological materials, in terms of the formation of students’ professional competencies; in the implementation of scientific research in the field of social pedagogy and social upbringing; in the development of dictionary-encyclopedic literature on social pedagogy and social upbringing. The holistic development of the categorical system will contribute to the enrichment of the terminology of social upbringing and the effectiveness of professional communication.

Methods of synthesis of 1,2,4-triazole derivatives with methoxyphenyl and study the spectrum of their pharmacological activity

In today’s society, the work of a pharmaceutical worker is very respectful, because it is difficult to imagine the treatment of people without the use of drugs. As time passes, the number of diseases with their own characteristics only increases, so the creation of drugs of synthetic origin remains an actual task for scientists around the world. There are a large number of heterocyclic systems, the derivatives of which exhibit a wide range of pharmacological activities, namely, furan, pyrrole, pyrazole, pyridine, pyrimidine, purine, and many others. Particular attention is drawn to structures that have low toxicity. Undoubtedly, the initial heterocyclic substance must have several reactive centers in order to build the most effective pharmacophores. Studies by scientists from around the world point to the prospect of using derivatives of the 1,2,4-triazole heterocyclic system as models for new biologically active substances. The aim of the work was to summarize data on modern methods for the synthesis of 1,2,4-triazole derivatives, to determine the effect of a methoxyphenyl substituent on reactivity and changing the spectrum of pharmacological activity. Materials and methods. In the work, we used such methods as analytical, information search, descriptive, generalization. The materials of the research were information from the professional literature on the methods of synthesis and study of the biological activity of 1,2,4-triazole derivatives with methoxyphenyl. Results. A search, analysis, and generalization of information on the methods of synthesis and study of the biological activity of 1,2,4-triazole derivatives with methoxyphenyl were carried out. As a result of the studying available sources and implementation of scientific research, it was found that studies of 1,2,4-triazole derivatives with methoxyphenyl occupy an important place in the Ukrainian pharmaceutical industry, as they have a wide range of pharmacological activity. Also they show low rates of acute toxicity and are perspective to create new APIs on their base Conclusions. Processing, analysis, systematization, comparison, and generalization of modern sources of information indicate a wide synthetic variability, a fairly wide range of biological activity, and low rates of acute toxicity of 1,2,4-triazole derivatives, with methoxyphenyl at the 5th position of the nucleus of this heterocycle and a wide range of their applications.

Проблемы и перспективы развития научных школ и направлений в области пожарной безопасности технологических процессов пожаровзрывоопасных производств

This article is dedicated to the analysis of the phenomenon of a scientific school with a focus on the implementation of scientific research at the Department of Fire Safety in Technological Processes. It presents the results of the research in this field and outlines the stages of development of scientific schools in the field of fire safety in technological processes at State Fire Academy of EMERCOM of Russia.

СУБ’ЄКТИ ТА ОБ’ЄКТИ ГРАНТОВОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ

The article examines the peculiarities of the activities of the subjects and the content of the objects of grant financing in Ukraine as important elements of the grant mechanism system. The main features of the grant have been demonstrated, namely: 1) targeted nature of provision; 2) has the nature of assistance provided at the expense of funds accumulated in grantor funds 3) provision to strengthen the institutional and financial capacity of the recipient, as well as for the implementation of a specific project or program to achieve an economic, social and environmental effect. 4) provision in cash or in kind; 5) free of charge; 6) irreversibility. Emphasis is placed on the fact that two groups of persons can act as subjects of grant activity – grant givers and grant recipients. On the part of the grantor, the subjects are: international organizations, government donors, public donors, private donors, corporate donors, and on the part of the grantee – representatives of the government, local self-government, micro, small and medium-sized businesses, the public sector, individuals, etc. It is emphasized that grant recipients can be: bodies of executive power and local self-government, business representatives: private enterprises, limited liability companies, companies with additional liability, general partnerships, limited partnerships, family enterprises, collective enterprises, individual enterprises, peasant (farming) farms, unions of consumer associations, consumer associations, cooperatives, individual entrepreneurs; association of co-owners of apartment buildings; political parties, religious organizations; representatives of the public sector: public organizations, public unions, associations, charitable foundations; various institutions, institutions and even individuals. It is noted that depending on the strategic goals of the subjects of grant relations, grants can be directed to: support of the economy and democracy, development of civil society, communities and territories in particular, strengthening of the health care system, provision of educational industries, development of culture and creative industries, implementation of scientific research, implementation of startups and implementation of innovative projects, etc. The peculiarities of the content of the object of grant activity are considered, namely, the object is a grant – a monetary or non-monetary resource, which is provided free of charge and irrevocably by the grantor to the recipient for the purpose of implementing measures to strengthen the institutional and financial capacity of the grantee, as well as for the implementation of a specific project or program on achievement of economic, social and environmental effect.

ФІНАНСОВЕ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ НАУКОВИХ ДОСЛІДЖЕНЬ В УКРАЇНІ: СУЧАСНИЙ СТАН ТА ШЛЯХИ ПОКРАЩЕННЯ

One of the many problematic issues of the development of science in Ukraine, which needs to be solved, is the improvement of the funding of scientific research. Chronic underfunding of the activities of scientific institutions, the implementation of scientific research and scientific and technical development of institutions of higher education, academies, institutes, individual scientific programs and granted grants has led to many negative trends in the development of science in Ukraine and bad consequences. Therefore, in the post-war period, when restoring and reforming the infrastructure of Ukraine, it is necessary to update and improve the system of financial support for scientific research. This will serve as the basis for the further development of science in the country.The article analyzes the financial support of scientific research for 2020-2022. The decline of Ukrainian science, the activity of scientific institutions and organizations in living conditions is due to significant underfunding of their work. Spending on scientific research and development in Ukraine has decreased by 40% over the past 11 years. Measured in US dollars, the share of spending on scientific research and development in GDP has almost halved (by 46%) from 0.75% in 2010. to 0.41% by 2020Chronic underfunding has led to a number of negative phenomena in the development of science, the main of which are the following: a decrease in the motivation of scientific workers, a very low level of average costs per employee (9.37 thousand US dollars in 2020 in Ukraine against 300 thousand dollars in the USA, $250,000 in Germany, $200,000 in France, etc.), a reduction in the number of scientific researchers, an increase in the departure of scientific personnel abroad, a low level of prestige and the image of scientific activity, a weak influx of young people into science etc.Thus, science in Ukraine is in a state of deep crisis, so the first step in thepost-war period is to significantly improve the funding of scientific research several times by increasing the share of GDP expenditures to 1.7%, as it is legally established in Ukraine. In the future, taking into account the rise of the country's economy,bring this indicator to the level of 2-3% of GDP, which is valid in EU countries.This norm is justified and successfully used in EU countries,and it is necessary to reach its level in Ukraine. This is a minimum, because the GDP of Ukraine is much lowerthan the developed countries of Europe. In addition, taking into account that Ukraine received the status of a candidate for EU membership, it is necessary that the norms of funding of science be approximated to the norms of European Union.

The problem of subjectivity in psychological knowledge

Introduction. The article is devoted to the theoretical understanding of the problem of subjectivity in psychological knowledge, through the knowledge of the substantive characteristics of this concept and the establishment of their functional role. The problem of subjectivity has long been interested in both philosophers and psychologists of various schools. Dealing with the problems of pedagogical psychology, there is a stable relationship between the results of training and the development of the subjectivity of students.Materials and Methods. In the preparation and implementation of scientific research, a theoretical analysis of domestic and foreign literature, the study of scientific articles and publications on the topic was used; synthesis and systematization of the results of domestic and foreign studies; content analysis.Results. The article summarizes theoretical ideas about the phenomenon of subjectivity in domestic and foreign psychology, revealed its systemic content and functional characteristics, as well as the criteria for their selection. Theoretical generalizations allowed the author to formulate a definition of the definition of subjectivity in relation to the goals and objectives of the study.Discussion and Conclusions. As the category "subject" is differentiated, it is noticed that this concept is used to describe various areas - on the one hand, and the centralization of the concept – on the other hand. In the first case, such expressions as "subject of activity," "subject of communication," "subject of knowledge," etc. are known.In the second case, a certain globalization of the category occurs, which allows you to characterize multiple areas of human life, the phrase "subject of life" is used here. Subjective experience, as opposed to objective, provides for the use of the subject as a tool of cognition. Subjectivity arises at a certain stage of personality development as a new systemic quality of personality that can change the specifics of human behavior. Subjectivity performs an organizational function in theconstruction of its activities and life relations. The function of assigning human and cultural functions. The function of realizing the maturity of the "I-concept" of the personality, providing self-identification of the personality. The function of developing and implementing life strategies. Function of personality self-development. Function of motivational hardness of personality. Function of responsibility for their activities.

Methodology of sociological research in the regions of Kazakhstan

At the present stage of socio-economic development of the country, it is necessary to take into account the relevance of important aspects for ensuring the quality of human life, including the scientific sphere, which includes the active use of information and communication technologies (ICT), which cause the rapid integration of society into an environment where a large array of information and knowledge is created, processed and used. The objective of the work is to promote the methodology of sociological research, the development of the process of integration of science, population and entrepreneurship by expanding information and communication technologies to achieve the effectiveness of regional development in Kazakhstan. The realization of this goal allows us to state with full confidence that this problem and methodological approaches to its solution in the national research practice do not have a wide elaboration and dissemination, therefore it is of high relevance for the progress of Kazakh science and social development. The novelty of the work lies in the fact that the author's research is focused on obtaining a socio-economic effect, which is important for the promotion of Kazakhstani society in the direction of increasing competitiveness, living standards of the population, reducing poverty and differentiating incomes of the population. In addition, broad-profile specialists in the field of economics and management, sociological analysis and social sciences should be involved in the implementation of scientific research. The new scientific and practical results obtained in the study can significantly expand the scientific base, promote the methods of sociological research in the context of the use of information and communication technologies, show the scientific and technological directions of development relevant to society, can be used for the rating of regional scientific programs in the framework of the development of the prognosis of scientific and technological development of Kazakhstan for 2030. Key words: regional development, methodology of sociological research, business project, information space, regional economy, information and communication technologies (ICT).

Философское осмысление понятия «ноосферы» в эпоху технизации: возможности и проблемы

The article discusses the philosophical meanings of the concept of «noosphere», reflecting the phenomenon of human presence as an active and productive force on Earth. The relevance of the study lies in the analysis of the ambiguity and inconsistency of interpretations of the term «noosphere», which gives reason to think about its multidimensionality and the possibility of using philosophical science to describe the essential content of the activities of modern society. This approach will qualitatively rethink: what is the «reasonable sphere» in the philosophical dimension, since behind it is the future, more precisely: the future is possible if it begins to prevail on a global scale, as a new level of collective and individual thinking. The rejection of «noospherism» by science is largely due to its moral component, on which it is based, and its life-affirming optimism in critical literature is presented as a utopian idea. At the dawn of a new scientific revolution, prominent scientists predicted a global crisis if the implementation of scientific research is not accompanied by a constant appeal to ethical principles. The purpose of the work is to show the need to comprehend the ideas of the noosphere in the context of a philosophical approach, as the only way to preserve the spiritual foundation of a person in a technological world. Using elements of historical and philosophical reconstruction and the principles of dialectical reflection, the article considers the problem of losing balance between the spiritual and the material, creation and destruction, domination and service, as an inevitable path to a global catastrophe on a planetary scale. The dialectical approach made it possible to more deeply reveal the concept of «noosphere»: the sphere of interaction between the public and the natural reflects the process of the formation of human thinking — from opposing oneself to nature, to finding ways to unite with it, the harmonious coexistence of two principles that complement each other. Using the method of historical analysis, the similarity of the views of thinkers of different eras on the problem of Man in the world and the prospects for his development as an integral and harmonious being in the conditions of modern realities was found. The authors come to the conclusion that the prospect of developing the idea of the noosphere is most productive in the context of the philosophical approach, since philosophy gives the necessary freedom of thought and does not require a rigid attachment to any doctrine. According to the authors, the utopian nature of the concept of the noosphere at the present stage of the development of human society does not mean that its positive experience cannot be applied in the social environment. Moreover, it is the philosophical approach that makes it possible to «reconcile» and combine the moral and value component of the idea of the noosphere with practical science. Major companies around the world are already reconfiguring their technical base, taking into account new environmental requirements, including gentle production methods and a reasonable attitude towards the environment. The prospects of modern science are directed towards «green» technologies, which would be impossible without rethinking the role of humanity in organizing activities that affect nature. The «ecology» of thinking is not only an attempt to solve a number of global problems, but, above all, a new consciousness that seeks to find a way out of existing contradictions using humane methods. In this sense, philosophy turns into a «practical» science, influencing the activities of man and society.

Гуманитарные научные исследования в Бурятии в 1930–1940-е гг.: достижения и проблемы (на материалах Государственного института культуры / Государственного института языка, литературы и истории)

The article aims to analyze the principal directions in the activities of Buryat-Mongolian State Institute of Culture (1929–1936) / Buryat-Mongolian State Institute of Language, Literature and History (1936–1944), the successor of the first scientific organization in Burya­tia — the Buryat-Mongolian Scientific Committee (1922–1929). It focuses on the achievements and problems in the organization and implementation of scientific research in the humanities in the 1930s. Materials. The sources used are unpublished documents of the Center for Oriental Manuscripts and Xylographs of the IMBT SB RAS, such as annual plans and reports on research work, minutes of meetings of the Directorate, expedition reports, presentations, abstracts and minutes of conferences, correspondence with various organizations and offices, and other materials that were instrumental in reconstructing the history of reorganizations of the scientific institute under study, in following the changes in its scientific program, and in showing its effectiveness and efficiency. Results. In the 1930–1940s, the studies in the field of history, language, literature, and arts of the Buryat-Mongolian people were the principal directions of research in the Institute. Archaeological expeditions were useful in drawing a general picture of the ancient history of Buryatia and the first cultural-historical schemes. Historians’ work resulted in publishing a significant number of documents devoted to the history of the Buryat-Mongolian people, the publications included materials on issues of the pre-revolutionary Buryat-Mongolia, the revolutionary movement and the Civil war period, culture, and education, including monographs on the history of Buryatia recognized today as classical scientific works. Within the framework of the established ideological attitudes, there was a discussion on controversial issues of the history of Buryat-Mongolia, which accepted the one-line nature of the historical process in Buryat studies. Thanks to the successes of Buryat linguistics, a reform of the Buryat-Mongolian writing was carried out, first based on the Latin, and then on the Cyrillic alphabet. The linguists of the Institute made a decisive contribution to the elaboration of the literary Buryat language, enriching its lexical resources and standardizing spelling and grammar. Collection, systematization and study of oral folk art and musical folklore, adding to the Manuscript Department of the Institute manuscripts and woodcuts in Tibetan, Mongolian, Buryat-Mongolian languages, as well as uligers, chronicles, and other historical and literary monuments, and translation work — these and other areas of scientific research shaped the development of the humanities in Buryatia in the 1930–1940s. Throughout the period of persecutions and repressions, despite personnel shortage and everyday hardships, the Institute’s team continued their work, conducting large-scale studies of the socio-political and economic history, the culture and art of Buryat-Mongolia.

Ключевые научные институты скандинавских стран и международные проекты, ведущие исследования по изучению и освоению Арктики

The Arctic region, having tremendous natural resources, is of strategic importance for the Russian Federation. Protection of the Arctic environment, its progressive development, modernization and reorganization of the expeditionary infrastructure as well as scientific research implementation become more effective in close international cooperation. Establishment of strong scientific relationships between research institutes of the Arctic Council States is essential for the achievement of their national and regional goals. This article is concerned with the description of the scientific-research institutes based in Norway, Finland and Sweden, which focus on the study of the Arctic. The paper covers their main objectives, areas of a scientific activity, educational projects arrangement and participation in the Arctic expeditions. The article discusses an existing interaction of the considered scientific institutes of the Scandinavian countries with the institutes and universities of the Russian Federation, investigating the Arctic and Antarctic. This review will allow expanding current ways and outlining new possibilities of collaboration between the countries of the Arctic pool within the Arctic exploration and development. The paper particularly emphasizes on such large international projects as the University of the Arctic (UArctic), the MOSAiC expedition and the International Meteorological Institute (IMI).

Academic integrity of applicants: curriculum and examination of scientific papers in the context of counteraction to academic plagiarism

As you know, the principles of academic culture and integrity in the current state of university education in Ukraine are often simply perceived as an abstract, but necessary for the European integration of education postulate. Codes of ethics and regulations on combating academic plagiarism are created on the basis of recommendations of the Ministry of Education and Science, regulate the activities of employees and students in the context of prevention and detection of falsifications, violations of academic integrity, including academic plagiarism. The establishment of the principles of academic culture and integrity in educational institutions is a necessary prerequisite for building a strong civic culture in society. Expert evaluation of scientific papers, including anti-plagiarism, in our opinion is an important prerequisite for the adequacy of complex scientific topics and objectifies the overall assessment of the quality of presentation of research results, including dissertations,monographs, manuals, articles and abstracts. The aim of the work was to improve measures to combat academic dishonesty and plagiarismbased on the analysis of current legislation, orders and regulations of Danylo Halytskyi Lviv National Medical University, creation and implementation of a new discipline for PhD students to acquire the necessary knowledge, skills and abilities. based on the topics of meaningful modules, created taking into account the experience of examination of scientific and educational works. In total for the three-year period (2018-2020) 5992 inspections were carried out and violations of academic integrity were confirmed in 611 works, which was the reason for their rejection. Algorithmic logical functional sequence of anti-plagiarism examination of dissertations and abstracts with analysis of the percentage of uniqueness of the text by the method of shingles with optimized settings was used to conduct the initial examination of dissertations to detect academic plagiarism. Deep search parameters and deep verification by Unichek, Plagiarism Detector Pro v. 1092”, etc. with further maternity check and establishment of the percentage of uniqueness of the text by the freely accessible program “AdvegoPlagiatus”. Based on the analysisof the causes, trends and spread of academic plagiarism in the university community for applicants and graduate students was created and implemented the discipline “Information support, academic integrity and research ethics” which is aimed at gaining analytical competencies, flexible skills “soft skills”. necessary during the planning and implementation of dissertation research and ensuring adequate communication in the scientific community. It consists of three content modules “Academic Integrity and Anti-Plagiarism”, “Scientific Ethics”, “Information Technology and Patent and Literary Support of Research Papers”. Lectures, seminars and topics of independent work are aimed at acquiring analytical competencies, flexible skills “soft skills” needed during the planning and implementation of dissertation research and ensuring adequate communication in the scientific community, the formation of graduate students’ theoretical knowledge and practical skills and skills in compliance with ethical and moral and legal principles in the planning and implementation of scientific research with human participation and with the use of laboratory animals, obtaining by graduate students and applicants knowledge of research activities and acquisition of skills of independent research, features of patent research and preparation of reporting documentation. Postgraduate students acquire knowledge of current legislation on academic integrity and anti-plagiarism; ethical aspects of scientist behavior and communication; research planning, organization and tactics strategies; liability for breach of academic integrity; basics of statistical conclusion, counteraction to conflicts of interest, elimination of risk factors and errors in ensuring academic integrity, which determines the social and professional mobility of research and teaching staff, promotes diversification of higher education, increasing the value of scientific knowledge and professional experience. Prospects for further research are to improve algorithms for detecting academic plagiarism and scientific falsifications, optimizing measures to prevent anddetect manifestations of academic dishonesty.

ЗНАЧЕНИЕ СОЦИАЛЬНО-ГИГИЕНИЧЕСКИХ МЕТОДОВ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ В ДИССЕРТАЦИОННОЙ РАБОТЕ ПО СПЕЦИАЛЬНОСТИ «ОБЩЕСТВЕННОЕ ЗДОРОВЬЕ И ЗДРАВООХРАНЕНИЕ».

This article presents the most well-known research methods that have been applied in practice, which make it possible to assess the state and indicators of public health and health care. The above methods contribute to obtaining the necessary data on the current activities of the subjects of the health care system and assessing the health and quality of life of the population. Modern medical science is characterized by an increase in the number of ongoing scientific research. Research is a necessary component of dissertation work, only they introduce new information into the health care system, allow one to acquire new skills, and contribute to the development of new technologies. The research results are certainly of interest to both healthcare professionals and patients. The requirements for the methodology of scientific research and the quality of the data provided by the researcher are becoming unambiguously more stringent. The implementation and implementation of scientific research in the field of medicine is associated with the need and obligation to comply with various standards and regulations. The published data must be scientifically new and presented in accordance with international standards. Undoubtedly, a certain role is played by the competent presentation of research and analysis methods, which allow the researcher and specialists studying the research data to correctly interpret the data obtained and put them into practice. Thus, selective planning of prospective research in the field of public health and health care, correct formulation of goals and objectives, concretization of research design, definition of modern research methodology and data analysis are the basis of its effectiveness. The use of a set of interacting medical and sociological research methods, focused on the result, contributes to the achievement of the set goals at the proper level.

FEATURES OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ECONOMY

The current situation of the country requires a fundamental scientific approach to solving many economic problems. The implementation of scientific research will find ways out of the crisis, identify promising areas of economic development and its entry into a civilized market environment, assess the possibilities of using foreign experience of economic development to solve the problems of Ukraine’s economy. Differences in the classification of sciences determine the specific direction of scientific research. The peculiarity of economic research is that they are complex, i.e. they study social processes in different areas and with different tools. Peculiarities of economic scientific research are also connected with the peculiarities of economic processes themselves, which are the object of scientific research in economics. In economics, the coexistence of contradictory and even mutually exclusive theories is possible. Economic research and results that have long been considered indisputable can be adjusted, supplemented and even refuted over time. Economics, associated with the description of society, is constantly changing views and theoretical approaches to the analysis of social processes. Therefore, the same economic phenomenon, object or process can be described by several theories, and all of them will be new and original. Despite their specific features, economic research has its own subject area, which differs from other areas of scientific knowledge. This area is most clearly defined in the passports of the relevant scientific specialties. The content of a particular economic specialty has a clear distinction with other specialties, which allows to differentiate the research itself. The key to assigning a specific study to a particular specialty is the field of research. A key mistake in understanding the role of economics in solving problems is to give science itself a natural form, i.e. the belief that the presence of complex theoretical constructions (especially in the form of mathematical models) allows them to be effectively implemented in practice. An important result of scientific research in the economy is participation in projects and implementation of scientific developments in the real sector of the economy.

Project LABΩ

A new concept of an online research and training platform for the implementation of collaborative thematic projects, particularly in the SHS field, LABΩ enables the rapid launch and successful completion of a research programme virtually mobilising an international, multidisciplinary and multi-level network (from the enlightened amateur to the PR via the doctoral student) without having to seek funding but solely on the basis of the scientific interest of the project. The article was first published in French in the form of an interview with the director of the Gilles Gaston Granger Center P. Taranto (Dématérialiser la recherche pour revenir à l’essentiel: le projet LABΩ // La Lettre de l’InSHS, №66, juillet 2020, pp. 14-17). The article reveals the details of one of the center’s scientific projects on the implementation of scientific research in the field of humanities in the modern digital world. The authors answer the question of how digitalization processes affect the process and methodology of scientific work in the digital world, as well as reveal the essence of the digital tools offered by the platform LABΩ for this. The article is published as part of the implementation of a joint EuropeanKazakhstan project “Digital humanities in the Republic of Kazakhstan: local solutions for global problems” co-funded by the Erasmus+ Programme of the European Union. The project includes lectures, the creation of MOOC courses, and a number of scientific publications. The authors of the article invite Kazakhstani researchers to discuss and share experiences on the topic of digital humanitarian research in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Key words: digital humanities, digitalization, international projects, LABΩ, Republic of Kazakhstan.

РОЗВИТОК ГОТЕЛЬНОГО БІЗНЕСУ М. ЧЕРНІВЦІ В УМОВАХ КРИЗОВИХ ЯВИЩ

The simplest form and at the same time a component of the crisis is the crisis phenomenon. The hotel business periodically experiences economic crises. Hotel development is characterized by the periodic emergence, exacerbation and resolution of DEVELOPMENT OF PRODUCTIVE FORCES AND REGIONAL ECONOMY Issue I (81), 2021 27 socio-economic conflicts. The relevance of the research is due to the significant attention to the implementation of strategies for protection against crises and future development of the business entity, which will eliminate the existing shortcomings and increase the efficiency of the hotel industry. The article analyzes current events in the world and trends in the economy of Ukraine regarding the development of the hotel business; a content analysis of the number of hotels and similar accommodation in Chernivtsi; changes in tourist flows in Chernivtsi were identified and the dynamics of the number of Ukrainian citizens and foreigners who were in collective accommodation was modeled. In the process of analysis, it was found that the social effect of research in practice is as follows: expansion of priority measures to increase the activity of the hotel industry, including, inter alia, the creation of a strong investment microclimate; providing tourists with comfortable and safe conditions for coming to Chernivtsi; improving working conditions and service culture at the hotel industry in crisis situations. Prospects for further research are the development of new concepts and mechanisms for managing hotel facilities in a crisis, the implementation of scientific research on new systems for reforming the industry, because in a constantly changing internal and external environment, the hotel business faces new challenges and challenges.

ОСВІТА ТА НАУКА ЯК ІНСТРУМЕНТИ ДОСЯГНЕННЯ ЗБАЛАНСОВАНОГО РОЗВИТКУ НАЦІОНАЛЬНОЇ ЕКОНОМІКИ

The need to move to the implementation of the strategy of sustainable development in Ukraine is related to the European integration aspirations and the need to fulfill international obligations. Quality education is one of the most powerful and proven means of sustainable development of the national economy. Education is the basis of progress in every country. The development of the national economy depends on qualified and experienced professionals, which requires the use of new approaches and teaching methods. All this requires additional costs to ensure the educational process, updating its logistics, and so on. Therefore, the article analyzes current trends in educational and scientific activities; a comparison of targets and indicators specified for sustainable development with actual data in order to determine the degree of their achievement. The dynamics of the level of technological development of the country from the knowledge intensity of GDP is considered. Over the last decade, the distribution of costs for research and development shows that more than 50% of funds are spent on scientific and technical (experimental) developments, and on fundamental and applied about 23% each. Along with the decrease in the scientific intensity of Ukraine's GDP, there is a reduction in the number of scientific institutions and the number of researchers with a degree. The system of innovations and research in Ukraine is mainly represented by the state scientific sphere, in business only 15.8% of companies consider themselves to be innovative enterprises. The main expenditures on innovation were the purchase of machinery, equipment and software, on research and development in 2019, companies spent only 0.07% of GDP. In addition, the article considers the place of Ukraine in international rankings, which allow you to track trends, outline problems and develop prospects for the future. The analysis of the goals of sustainable development and the actual data revealed the need to specify the tasks and indicators that will further allow a more systematic and objective analysis of the state of educationn.Education issues are reflected in the goals of sustainable development, which are defined both globally and nationally. Achieving the goal of quality and inclusive education is a key component in the formation of human capital, which, in turn, becomes crucial in national competition. Therefore, this article analyzes the costs associated with the implementation of scientific research, shows the dynamics of the number of employees with a scientific degree who are involved in the implementation of scientific research. In order to assess the degree of achievement of targets and indicators specified for sustainable development in relation to education, they were compared with actual data. In addition, the article considers the place of Ukraine in international rankings compiled by international organizations, which allow you to track trends, outline problems and develop prospects for the future. The analysis showed that there is an urgent need to specify the tasks by expanding or replacing existing indicators that will allow a more systematic and objective analysis of the current state of education in relation to the goals of sustainable development.

ІННОВАЦІЙНО-ІНВЕСТИЦІЙНІ ЗАСАДИ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ СТАЛОГО СОЦІАЛЬНО-ЕКОНОМІЧНОГО РОЗВИТКУ

The article notes that in modern conditions, an important direction of ensuring socio-economic development is its transition to innovative models, which should cover all reproduction processes. Ukraine proclaimed a course on innovative development. However, in terms of the coefficient of innovative development, our country is significantly behind not only highly developed countries, but also from Poland and the Baltic countries. And, unfortunately, this gap is growing. The authors cite the reasons for this situation, in particular the lack of a national innovation system in Ukraine. The article presents the dynamics of indicators characterizing the processes of development and implementation of innovative products. Among them are goods, services, technological processes and the like. The presence of a significant differentiation of indicators characterizing the level of innovative activity, namely: from 55.7% among enterprises in the field of pharmaceutical products and preparations to 3.3% in the field of water supply, sewage, waste management, is emphasized. Considerable attention is paid to the disclosure of factors that can ensure the transformation of Ukraine into a high-tech society based on an innovative model. This should be facilitated by the availability of appropriate resources, including human resources. It is noted that in Ukraine the number of workers who are engaged in research and development is decreasing. And this trend is characteristic of almost all branches of science, except for medical ones. The greatest decline is characteristic of the technical branches of science, which, of course, negatively affects the introduction of an innovative model of socio-economic development. A negative indicator in this context is the deterioration of the age structure of researchers: the number of employees involved in the implementation of scientific research and development under the age of 25 is quite low and high enough at the age of 65 and older. This is a threat to the intellectual continuity of generations, the loss of scientific schools, the scientific and personnel potential of the country. Improving the material and technical and personnel component of innovation, in turn, requires further strengthening of the financial and investment potential, which can be achieved not only by increasing the state budget for these purposes, but also by attracting funds from outside and by effectively managing the use of existing financial resources.

ТЕОРИЯ И МЕТОДОЛОГИЯ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЙ ОЦЕНКИ УЩЕРБА ЗДОРОВЬЮ ЧЕЛОВЕКА ОТ НЕБЛАГОПРИЯТНЫХ ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ВОЗДЕЙСТВИЙ

This article is devoted to a review of the theoretical foundations and methodological approaches to solving the problem of assessing the negative consequences for human health caused by anthropogenic environmental impacts. The authors analyze the goals, internal motives and types of damage assessments carried out by various researchers, determine the projections and measurements of the socio-economic category of damage. The study shows the main stages of the basic algorithm for the valuation of health damage. Two main methodological approaches to assessment are disclosed: the calculation of costs due to the negative impact and the assessment of the willingness to pay for risk prevention. The history of the emergence of these approaches, theoretical foundations, advantages and disadvantages, internal structure and logic of work are presented. In particular, with regard to the approach based on the determination of the cost of disease, the categories of cost directions that form its internal structure, research prospects and competing approaches to determining the cost of indirect costs are disclosed. In relation to the willingness to pay approach, a decomposition of economic terms is presented that determine the amount that the respondent is willing to pay for the agreed risk reduction. The basic economic components of the utility category for determining the willingness to pay have been determined. Analyzing various approaches to assessing damage, the authors make an attempt to determine the areas of their possible application in the implementation of scientific research and applied developments. Based on the analysis of the dynamics of the publication of research results, assumptions were made about the development trends of the two prevailing methodological approaches to assessing damage to human health in the world and in Russia, with substantiation of the underlying causes. A forecast has been made on the further evolution of the methodology for assessing damage to human health from adverse environmental impacts in Russia.