Implementation Of Safety Systems Research Articles

Low-Cost Autonomous Trains and Safety Systems Implementation, using Computer Vision

Low-Cost Autonomous Trains and Safety Systems Implementation, using Computer Vision

A CNN Based Anomaly Detection Network for Utility Tunnel Fire Protection

Fire accident is one of the significant threats to the urban utility tunnel (UUT) during operation, and the emergency response is challenging due to the compact tunnel structure and potential hazard sources involved. Traditional fire detection techniques are reviewed in this study, and it has been determined that their performance cannot satisfy the requirements for early fire incident detection. Integrating advanced sensing technologies and data-driven anomaly detection has recently been regarded as a feasible solution for intelligent safety system implementation. This article proposed an approach that utilized a fiber-optic distributed temperature sensing (FO-DTS) system and deep anomaly detection models to monitor the fire exotherm during the early stages of accidents. The variable fire exotherm is simulated with an embedded-system controlled electrical heating platform. Moreover, autoencoder (AE) based and convolutional neural network (CNN) based methods have been designed for anomaly detection. The temperature data collected from the FO-DTS in the experiment was employed as the training set for the data-driven models. Furthermore, the anomaly detection models were tested, and the results showed that the proposed CNN model can achieve a higher accuracy rate in detecting the simulated fire exotherm.

Two Faces of Fermented Foods—The Benefits and Threats of Its Consumption

In underdeveloped and developing countries, due to poverty, fermentation is one of the most widely used preservation methods. It not only allows extending the shelf life of food, but also brings other benefits, including inhibiting the growth of pathogenic microorganisms, improving the organoleptic properties and product digestibility, and can be a valuable source of functional microorganisms. Today, there is a great interest in functional strains, which, in addition to typical probiotic strains, can participate in the treatment of numerous diseases, disorders of the digestive system, but also mental diseases, or stimulate our immune system. Hence, fermented foods and beverages are not only a part of the traditional diet, e.g., in Africa but also play a role in the nutrition of people around the world. The fermentation process for some products occurs spontaneously, without the use of well-defined starter cultures, under poorly controlled or uncontrolled conditions. Therefore, while this affordable technology has many advantages, it can also pose a potential health risk. The use of poor-quality ingredients, inadequate hygiene conditions in the manufacturing processes, the lack of standards for safety and hygiene controls lead to the failure food safety systems implementation, especially in low- and middle-income countries or for small-scale products (at household level, in villages and scale cottage industries). This can result in the presence of pathogenic microorganisms or their toxins in the food contributing to cases of illness or even outbreaks. Also, improper processing and storage, as by well as the conditions of sale affect the food safety. Foodborne diseases through the consumption of traditional fermented foods are not reported frequently, but this may be related, among other things, to a low percentage of people entering healthcare care or weaknesses in foodborne disease surveillance systems. In many parts of the world, especially in Africa and Asia, pathogens such as enterotoxigenic and enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli, Shigella spp., Salmonella spp., enterotoxigenic Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, and Bacillus cereus have been detected in fermented foods. Therefore, this review, in addition to the positive aspects, presents the potential risk associated with the consumption of this type of products.

Functional Safety Concept to Support Hazard Assessment and Risk Management in Water-Supply Systems

Within the frame of upgrading and modernisation of the Water Supply System (WSS), our work is focussing on the safety systems/devices implemented or that should be implemented in the WSS. The implementation of safety systems is supposed to reduce hazard occurrence and hazardous consequences in case of a WSS unsafe disruption. To assess this reduction, we preconise the use of the safety integrity levels standards. The implementation of the safety systems/devices is undertaken on the ground of the multi-barriers safeguard approach. The “Water Contamination Hazard” is considered in the paper. A case study is presented, assessed and conclusions are drawn. The methodology presented in the paper and the results of the case study assessment will contribute to the decision-making regarding the upgrading of the safety and the performance of the WSS.

Driver Safety System Implementation in Europe

In mining industry safety is top priority. There is a request for safety management, risk prevention and operator training. Operator fatigue and distraction leads to dangerous situations. The paper is aimed at reviewing the issues of fatigued or distracted driver operation. This is achieved through creating models in occupational safety strategies. Hereafter the implementation of fatigue and distraction control system within a pilot project is discussed. The pilot project was aimed at collecting realistic operation data from mining industry in Europe. Caterpillar Inc. offers a solution called Driver Safety System (DSS). When driver’s micro-sleep is detected, the system alerts operator through different alarms directly. Dangerous events are also recorded and classified individually in 24/7 monitoring centre. The DSS was tested at European limestone open pit mine with typical working regime. This paper discusses theories, results and transferable insights of the study.

Influence of Leadership Practices on Organizational Safety Performance

This study analyzes the reasons why leadership does not influence the counteraction to incidents (through the implementation of safety systems and technology), which cause serious injuries or deaths in US oil and gas companies. The modified Delphi method summarizes eight oil and gas industry experts’ consensus on how leadership can reduce workplace incidents and improve organizational safety performance. The study selects eight safety specialists and leadership experts in executive positions in the US oil and gas industry, who participated in three rounds of discussions regarding the impact of leadership practices on the effectiveness of the safe conditions and were interviewed through a series of questionnaires. The study identifies five key aspects that can help improve the safety process efficiency in the company and provide the basis for future research: empowering employees to stop dangerous operations; formation of effective health, safety and environmental management system; employees’ involvement in the formation of organizational safety initiatives, the creation of corporate culture in the company, the use of consistent behavior patterns in promoting safety improvements across the organization. The study concludes that preventing incidents and improving safety performance in an organization requires effective coordination of the five components, which, according to the experts’ evaluations are the most important in terms of organization development. Therefore, leaders and practitioners in this field, who often face safety performance challenges, should apply a safety ecosystem approach to prevent incidents from occurring and improve safety performance within their businesses. The study results contribute towards a deeper understanding of how organizational management can apply existing knowledge on compliance with safe working conditions to prevent incidents in the company using different strategies to counteract them. The study identifies the main limitations related to the use of the modified Delphi method. They include the difficulties in determining the optimal sample size and attracting a sufficient number of study participants. The second limitation is that due to fewer participants, the conclusion from the study represents the views of the participants which may vary if a sufficiently large number of participants took part in the study. Keywords: Incident Prevention, Leadership, Management System, Organizational Culture, Safety Culture.

Industrial Safety and Well-Being of Fireworks Employees in Sivakasi

Fireworks industry is a very flourishing one in Virudhunagar District especially in Sivakasi. But in this industry, the employees are not given adequate safety measures for their safe working. In fireworks the employees have lot of risk on their safety and well being. There has been lot of health afflictions due to air quality. In fireworks industry, safety is most important for the employees. Officials of the state and central government organisation should help in implementation of safety system in fireworks units in Sivakasi to ensure misfortune free fireworks industry. So the study is referring to the main intention of to discover the safety measures in the fireworks industry. According to the factories act the safety instrument should be very important because the safety of the employees is very essential. In fireworks industry lot of fire disaster is happening this is a time to identify the safety materials and well-being of the employees. Because the researcher conducted survey in vijayarangapuram near Sivakasi. The total population 250 employees through this the researcher took 30 samples from the population. This study mainly focused on the employees safety and well-being. The majority people said they need more safety measures like gloves, face mask.

Solar Glare Vulnerability Analysis of Urban Road Networks—A Methodology

Solar glare on roads is responsible for momentaneous deterioration of a driver’s view, interfering with driving capacity and causing accidents. The situation of a driver being affected by solar glare on a road is a spatial-temporal variable, since it depends not only on the time of the day and the day of the year, which are determinant for the local Sun position (temporal factors), but also on the local slope and azimuth of the road in the driven direction (spatial factors). The present work describes a method for producing road glare maps along a road network, as well as retrieving glare information from urban roads so that solar glare vulnerability can be easily accessed. Input data are a 1m resolution Digital Surface Model from Light Detection and Ranging data and the road network. Spatial parameters are processed in a Geographic Information System environment. The Urban Glare Algorithm detects glare and outputs temporal matrices and glare maps. Shadows cast by buildings and trees are considered as well as the driver’s eyes height. The method is tested in an area of Lisbon (Portugal). This work is a contribution to road safety systems implementation and constitutes a relevant basis for warning drivers of glare through car navigation systems.

ANALISIS KEAMANAN DATA SISTEM INFORMASI DI PUSKESMASPLERET BANTUL YOGYAKART

Background: Server is a computer system providing various services which can be accessed by client computer that is connected to the network. Server is used to keep data needed client computer. Server data management system information public health center in public health center Pleret Bantul stores saves services patient data and contains public health center's report consist of public health center visiting report, work unit report, health provile report. Sinse server data uses computerization system so that the data is suspectible of broken or lost. In maintaining security data public health center Pleret Bantul assign a password as the only autentikasion the server security system. That's way public health center information and patient data have to be maintain the security system. Objective: The purpose of this research was to know the system security on management system information public health center server data in public health center Pleret Bantul. Method: This research used qualitative with the methods research descriptive. Collecting data should be conducted through primary data which was obtained by live interview way and observation, secondary data was obtained through documentation study that deals with the theme of the research. An interview was conducted by to 4 people who are the informer. Result: there was not permanent procedure system security of server data in public health center Pleret Bantul and the implementation of safety system is done y using password. Officers public health center knowledge about the security system was good but in the implementation or his application users still hasn’t spearheading it well. The attitude of the officers were still not good and less liable in the provision of a password because there was no supervision. The efforts made public health center in dealing with the security system back-up data, server the coordinator of information system management public health center, following the training care and the use of information system management public health center held by the department of health district.

Design and Implementation of Safety system to prevent human accidents caused by low-speed vehicles

Design and Implementation of Safety system to prevent human accidents caused by low-speed vehicles

GAMBARAN KARAKTERISTIK SAFETY LEADERSHIP PT. RND DI JAKARTA-SURABAYA TAHUN 2012

This reseach will describe and explain the overall the characteristics of safety leadership in PT. RND, Jakarta-Surabaya in 2012 with in-depth interviews and direct observation for the leaders in PT. RND conducted in April-June 2012. Implementation of safety given by the supervisor 3, although the decision-making for implementation of safety continue through the director. Disengagement supervisor and team leader of safety programs in the field resulted in the implementation of safety systems are not effective in PT. RND. The leaders in PT. RND do not have the perspective of safety which is reflected in their personality, leadership style and best practices in leading employees to implement safety effectively. The results of this research obtained personality, which is owned by the leaders of PT. RND is still not optimal on the characteristics of emotional resilience. Transformational leadership style has been used by some leaders of PT. RND in leading employees but not yet used by directors and supervisors 3. Best practices characteristic held by the leaders of PT. RND are not optimal in the vision and communication. Characteristic of safety leadership in PT. RND is not optimal as an unstable emotional resilience. The leaders in PT. RND does not have a clear plan in the execution of the work, the difference in the vision and the communication path that overlaps giving an obstacle to the leaders of PT. RND in leading the workers.

Fuzzy logic-based safety design for high performance air compressors

This paper presents problem of silted water causing equipment degradation. It proposes a safety design including instrumented and non-instrumented systems to resolve this issue by specifying safety life cycle activities including risk analysis, risk reduction, safety system requirements, safety system implementation and safety assurance. It uses case study as an example and proposes implementation of pressure transmitter linked with fuzzy logic to proactively take actions and report equipment condition to plant personnel. Analysis concluded that safety instrumented system (SIS) proposed will reduce maintenance burden, save resources, and improve system reliability by detecting failures proactively with better risk reduction factor (RRF). It is recommended that this SIS be implemented at all Nuclear Plants facing equipment problems related to silted water. ObjectiveTo investigate problem of silted water causing equipment degradation using safety instrument system and provide pathforward.

Ecological risk analysis as a key factor in environmental safety system development in the Arctic region of the Russian Federation

Due to specific natural and climatic conditions combined with human intervention, the Arctic is regarded as a highly sensitive region to any environmental pressures. Arctic projects require continuous environmental monitoring. This poses for the government of the Russian Federation (RF) a tremendous task concerning the formation and implementation of sustainable nature management policy within the international framework. The current article examines the basic constraints to the effective ecological safety system implementation in the Arctic region of the RF. The ecological risks and their effects which influence the sustainable development of the region were analyzed. The model of complex environmental safety system was proposed.

Reducing the risk of harm from intravenous potassium: A multi-factorial approach in the haematology setting

To describe the implementation of safety systems for the use of intravenous potassium chloride in haematology patients. We assessed the use of intravenous potassium in a haematology ward at a tertiary hospital. Initially, we prospectively analysed the prescribing and administration of intravenous potassium to all patients over a two-week period. To complement this data, we retrospectively analysed all clinical incidents involving intravenous potassium and the dispensing patterns of potassium ampoules for the past 12 months. Drawing on evidence and recommendations from international safety literature, gaps in the safe use of potassium were identified, and a multi-factorial approach to system change was implemented. A total of 18 patients were analysed with 90 intravenous bags of potassium prepared on the ward using 624 ampoules. We identified multiple opportunities for error and a lack of standardisation of therapy. The following safety systems were introduced: (i) a new prescribing and monitoring form that included dose calculation, prescriber support and pre-printed orders; (ii) removal of potassium ampoules and introduction of premixed bags; (iii) independent double checking by nursing staff at point of administration; (iv) dedicated labelling of intravenous lines; (v) extensive clinician training supported by guidelines; and (vi) introduction of 'smart pump' infusion software. The number of incidents significantly reduced from 23 to 9 (p < 0.001), and the number of ampoules dispensed reduced from 10,100 to 0. A multi-factorial approach to the safe prescribing, dispensing and administration of intravenous potassium has reduced the potential for patient harm in the haematology setting.

Staff Ownership Would Revolutionize Patient Safety – If We Let It

Healthcare has failed to make the same progress as other high-risk industries when it comes to creating safety - despite over a decade of research, education and implementation of safety systems in health services. Safe care is created by systems and standardization, and also by proactive, thinking staff working in partnership with consumers and each other; but the healthcare industry appears to struggle to reconcile these concepts. Even with our evolved knowledge of how human beings operate in organizations, and the best intentions, the dominant change paradigm in healthcare is still hierarchical, based on top-down policies implemented by managers and staff. Although the power spread in health services is being tested through generational change, we have a long way to go before proactivity and initiative at the front line are universally fostered and welcomed by healthcare managers and senior clinicians. "Front Line Ownership: Generating a Cure Mindset for Patient Safety," by Zimmerman et al., presents a persuasive example of how staff ownership of improving consumer safety is a powerful tool for change, one that deserves its place at the front line of safety and quality improvement methods.

Defining economic obstacles to the adoption of food safety systems in table olive processing firms

PurposeThe concept of food safety systems is increasing worldwide among farmers, manufactures, and processors and is also affecting consumer perspectives. This trend primarily impacts food businesses and table olive processing firms. The study seeks to explore the major economic obstacles to the adoption of food safety systems in table olive processing firms.Design/methodology/approachAll 59 table olive businesses in the Aydın Province of Turkey were included in the survey. In an effort to remove extraneous items and demonstrate internal consistency, Cronbach's alpha was calculated for each variable. To better specify the economic obstacles to food safety system implementation, data were examined with exploratory factor analysis using principal component extraction and varimax rotation.FindingsMajor economic obstacles that most prominently emerged from analyses may explain several key indicators including difficulties in employing well‐trained personnel required for food safety systems, insufficient training facilities for employees intended to aid in the implementation of food safety systems, deficiency of infrastructure and other physical conditions, and deficient financial support from government and non‐government organizations.Research limitations/implicationsThe study investigated only table olive processors. Future research should include analyses of consumer behaviors.Practical implicationsThe Turkish government must ensure implementation of food safety systems to increase public knowledge and accelerate government funds for the establishment of such systems in the food business industry.Originality/valueThe study contributes to the positive perceptions of managers and their behaviors towards implementation of food safety systems in table olive processing firms. Since the paper is one of only a few dealing with this topic, it provides key clues for dissemination of food safety systems adoption at the firm level.

Practical Application of Monitoring System Based on Optical Sensors for Marine Constructions

The paper presents structural health monitoring (SHM) system, dedicated to marine structures. The considered system is based on the fibre optic technique with Fibre Bragg Grating (FBG) sensors. The aim of this research is recognition of possible practical applications of the fibre optic techniques in selected elements of marine structures. SHM and damage detection techniques have a great importance (economical, human safety and environment protection) in the wide range of marine structures, especially for ships and offshore platforms. In the paper monitoring system of the Horyzont II and Dar Młodzieży ships and offshore oil platform is presented. Practical implementation of safety system based on optical sensors meets several difficulties. There has been installed the FBG system and its measurement results have been compared with classical techniques, e.g. piezoelectric accelerometers. The investigations have been performed for undamaged and damaged structure. Different types of failures have been modelled and tested. Damage detection ability has been specifying on the base of static and dynamic structural characteristics.

Multi-objective optimization of design and testing of safety instrumented systems with MooN voting architectures using a genetic algorithm

This paper presents the optimization of design and test policies of safety instrumented systems using MooN voting redundancies by a multi-objective genetic algorithm. The objectives to optimize are the Average Probability of Dangerous Failure on Demand, which represents the system safety integrity, the Spurious Trip Rate and the Lifecycle Cost. In this way safety, reliability and cost are included. This is done by using novel models of time-dependent probability of failure on demand and spurious trip rate, recently published by the authors. These models are capable of delivering the level of modeling detail required by the standard IEC 61508. Modeling includes common cause failure and diagnostic coverage. The Probability of Failure on Demand model also permits to quantify results with changing testing strategies. The optimization is performed using the multi-objective Genetic Algorithm NSGA-II. This allows weighting of the trade-offs between the three objectives and, thus, implementation of safety systems that keep a good balance between safety, reliability and cost. The complete methodology is applied to two separate case studies, one for optimization of system design with redundancy allocation and component selection and another for optimization of testing policies. Both optimization cases are performed for both systems with MooN redundancies and systems with only parallel redundancies. Their results are compared, demonstrating how introducing MooN architectures presents a significant improvement for the optimization process.

Assessment of patient safety culture in Saudi Arabian hospitals

Context Healthcare organisations in Saudi Arabia are striving to improve patient safety and quality of care through implementation of safety systems and creating a culture of safety. Objective The purpose of this study to evaluate the extent to which the culture supports patient safety at Saudi hospitals. Data Collection A survey questionnaire was distributed hospital-wide in 13 general hospitals in Riyadh city, Saudi Arabia, to 223 health professionals including nurses, technicians, managers and medical staff. Measurement The Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture questionnaire was used to identify dimensions of patient safety culture. Results Overall Patient Safety Grade was rated as excellent or very good by 60% of respondents, acceptable by 33% and failing or poor by 7%. More than half of respondents thought that managers overlook safety problems that happen over and over. Areas of strength for most hospitals were organisational learning/continuous improvement, teamwork within units, feedback and communication about errors. Areas with potential for improvement for most hospitals were under-reporting of events, non-punitive response to error, staffing, teamwork across hospital units. Conclusion Leadership is a critical element to the effectiveness of patient safety initiatives. Response to errors is an important determinant of safety culture in healthcare organisations. In order for healthcare organisations to create a culture of safety and improvement, they must eliminate fear of blame and create a climate of open communication and continuous learning.

Modelling and optimization of proof testing policies for safety instrumented systems

This paper introduces a new development for modelling the time-dependent probability of failure on demand of parallel architectures, and illustrates its application to multi-objective optimization of proof testing policies for safety instrumented systems. The model is based on the mean test cycle, which includes the different evaluation intervals that a module goes periodically through its time in service: test, repair and time between tests. The model is aimed at evaluating explicitly the effects of different test frequencies and strategies (i.e. simultaneous, sequential and staggered). It includes quantification of both detected and undetected failures, and puts special emphasis on the quantification of the contribution of the common cause failure to the system probability of failure on demand as an additional component. Subsequently, the paper presents the multi-objective optimization of proof testing policies with genetic algorithms, using this model for quantification of average probability of failure on demand as one of the objectives. The other two objectives are the system spurious trip rate and lifecycle cost. This permits balancing of the most important aspects of safety system implementation. The approach addresses the requirements of the standard IEC 61508. The overall methodology is illustrated through a practical application case of a protective system against high temperature and pressure of a chemical reactor.