Implementation Of Safety Protocols Research Articles

Ayurveda Practitioner Adaptation of Variation in Service Approaches during COVID-19 Pandemic in Kathmandu, Nepal

Background: COVID-19 declared global pandemic created various impact on different aspects of life, medical fraternity and economy worldwide. With its ever changing viral features, COVID-19 then had become a real hard time challenge to the world medical fraternity in finding out the appropriate measures to control it. The whole world adopted various measures to control its spread, preventive measures against COVID-19 proved to be an effective measure to content it. Health care systems were challenged as they were potential hub for contracting COVID-19 and at the same time overwhelmed by COVID-19 patients. Health practitioners had to follow safety guidelines in order to prevent the spread, protect themselves and at the same time provide the health service to the people. The objective of the study was to identify various methodological variations adopted by Ayurveda practitioners to provide Ayurveda services during the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and Methods: The research method adopted was a quantitative, descriptive cross sectional study. A well- developed online questionnaire was formed and circulated through Whats app, messengers and email among Ayurveda practitioners of Ayurveda Campus Teaching Hospital, Nardevi Ayurveda Hospital and National Ayurveda Research and Training Center Kirtipur. Results and Discussion: Implementation of safety protocols, adoption of sanitization methods and procedural modification in consultation and OPD based services were practiced by Ayurveda practitioners during COVID-19 in order to deliver Ayurveda Health Service. Conclusion: The continuity of OPD based services were maintained considering safety protocols, sterilization methods and modifications in delivering consultations and OPD procedures.

Assessment of Physician Knowledge, Attitude and Safety Practice Towards Radiation Safety

Background: Radiations plays an important role in various diagnostic and therapeutic procedures within health facilities, but its use poses inherent risks to both healthcare professionals and patients. Understanding the knowledge, attitude, and safety practices of physicians in relation to radiation safety is paramount for ensuring the well-being of all stakeholders involved. Physicians, as key decision-makers in medical procedures involving radiation, need to be well-informed about the associated risks and safety measures. Objective: To determine the physician knowledge, attitude and safety practice towards radiation safety. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Settings: Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad Pakistan. Duration: March 2020 to February 2021. Methods: All the physician relevant to exposure to ionizing radiation, such as radiology, nuclear medicine, interventional cardiology, and oncology, having minimum one year or more experience in radiological field of either age and gender were included. Data collection was carried out through a structured questionnaire, specifically designed to evaluate participants' understanding of radiation safety principles, their attitudes towards adherence to safety protocols, and their day-to-day practices in radiological procedures. The collected data was analyzed using appropriate statistical methods SPSS version 26. Results: Majority of participants experience medical radiation exposure less than once per week (42.1%), with a significant portion having exposure more than three times per week (40.8%). 90.8% of participants have never undergone a radiation protection course, despite 73.7% expressing willingness to participate in such a course if provided by their institution. 52.7% strongly disagreed that radiation significantly affects childbearing, while 39.5% believe they are safe within 1 meter of radiation exposure. On a positive note, 86.8% of participants correctly identified the ALARA principle for radiation protection. Regarding the implementation of safety protocols, only 28.9% were more likely to wear a lead apron, and 22.4% never wore it. Conclusion: Health care professionals lacks adequate knowledge, training and attitude regarding radiation safety protocols. Lack of adequate knowledge and training leads to poor utilization of radiation safety equipment and it is a source of health hazard for both medical professionals and the patients.

The Challenge of Clinical Research and Suicidality: Participant Feedback on a Safety Protocol.

Objective: Clinical studies of depression have historically excluded participants with suicidal ideation. Research participant safety protocols are critical to allow for the much-needed study of suicide risk. This report summarizes participant feedback about the safety protocol used in a national, remote study of perinatal women with suicidal ideation.Methods: Upon completion of the study, participants who had triggered the suicidality safety protocol during the study were invited to complete a brief survey with questions about their experiences with the protocol. The survey included 4 Likert-scale questions and 1 open text question where participants could provide feedback, suggestions, and comments to the research team. Participant feedback survey data were collected between October 2021 and April 2022, and this research was funded by the National Institute of Mental Health.Results: Of the 45 participants enrolled in the UPWARD-S study, 16 triggered the safety protocol. All eligible participants (N = 16) completed the survey. Among respondents, most were at least neutral to very comfortable with the call from the study psychiatrist (75% [n = 12]) and reported that the call had a "positive impact" on their well-being (69% [n = 11]). After the call with the study psychiatrist, 50% of participants (n = 8) reported that they increased engagement with treatment for depression, and the other 50% reported no change in treatment. We also report on themes from the qualitative feedback regarding suggestions of how to modify or improve the safety protocol.Conclusions: Learning from the experiences of research participants will provide unique insight into satisfaction with, and impact of, the implemented suicidality safety protocol. Findings from this study could inform the refinement and implementation of safety protocols used in depression studies as well as future research on the impact of such protocols.

School Improvement and Safety Plan for Limited Face-to-Face Classes

As public schools nationwide in the country take a huge step of reintroducing face-to-face classes amidst pandemic and the public health situation, the study investigated the school improvement and safety plan for the limited face-to-face classes of eighty-nine (89) randomly selected public schools from Divisions of Camarines Sur and Albay, both elementary and secondary schools for the school year 2021-2022 and assessed how they effectively implemented the plan. The study utilized the descriptive-survey research method and conducted from February – July 2022. The data were collected using a developed survey questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results showed that the implementation of safety protocols and standards in public schools during the start of the school year was evident as they were prepared and organized prior to the conduct of classes. It is also revealed that safety protocols and standards were in consonance with the mandates of the Department of Health and observed among the public schools. Thus, it was concluded that public schools conducted and effectively implemented as per observed from the results of the school improvement and safety plans and protocols for limited face-to-face classes.

CONTENT ANALYSIS ON THE GUEST EXPERIENCE OF PARK VISITORS IN ENCHANTED KINGDOM, LAGUNA

During the pandemic, the implementation of safety protocols allowed theme parks to reopen with a certain capacity which gave tourists mixed experiences during their stay at the theme park. On the other hand, the growing popularity of social media led to the creation of websites such as Facebook where online reviews can be posted on the official Facebook page of different establishments. In this study, the researchers used qualitative content analysis by utilizing Microsoft Teams Excel and the Experience Economy Theory to identify the guest experience of park visitors in theme parks during the pandemic through utilizing the 4 Realms of Experience which are Entertainment, Educational, Escapist and Esthetic. The results show that majority of the online reviews mentioned the Escapist realm while the Entertainment realm was the least mentioned experience. Furthermore, most of the online reviews were negative which mentioned “queue times” and “safety protocols” as the main factor that negatively affected their experience. This study aims to improve the management’s understanding of the guest experience during the pandemic in Enchanted Kingdom in Santa Rosa, Laguna and suggested recommendations based on the results gathered from each realm of experience to contribute in the betterment of the guest’s experiences.

SCHOOL IMPROVEMENT AND SAFETY PLAN FOR LIMITED FACE TO FACE CLASSES

As public schools nationwide in the country take a huge step of reintroducing face-to-face classes amidst pandemic and the public health situation, the study investigated the school improvement and safety plan for the limited face-to-face classes of eighty-nine (89) randomly selected public schools from Divisions of Camarines Sur and Albay, both elementary and secondary schools for the school year 2021-2022 and assessed how they effectively implemented the plan. The study utilized the descriptive-survey research method and conducted from February – July 2022. The data were collected using a developed survey questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results showed that the implementation of safety protocols and standards in public schools during the start of the school year was evident as they were prepared and organized prior to the conduct of classes. It is also revealed that safety protocols and standards were in consonance with the mandates of the Department of Health and observed among the public schools. Thus, it was concluded that public schools conducted and effectively implemented as per observed from the results of the school improvement and safety plans and protocols for limited face-to-face classes.

Perceptions of surgical never events among interdisciplinary clinicians: Implications of a qualitative study for practice

BackgroundNever Events are serious, preventable, and clearly identifiable medical errors with the potential for causing patients significant morbidity and mortality. Despite extensive efforts to eliminate them, Never Events persist. AimTo assess whether interdisciplinary clinicians (nurses, surgeons, and anaesthesiologists) and risk managers have different mental models about three aspects of the definition of surgical Never Events: incidence, severity, and preventability. MethodsSemi-structured interviews were conducted with 25 operating room clinicians and hospital risk managers in Israel from September to December 2019. Verbatim transcripts were analysed using six-phase inductive thematic analysis. FindingsMental models of Never Events varied by profession. Surgeons described them as rare and nurses saw them as common. While agreeing on their severity, mental models about preventability were mixed, with surgeons and nurses thinking that training and/or safety standards could prevent them, and anaesthesiologists and risk managers considering them to be unpreventable. DiscussionThe common definition of Surgical Never Events characterises them as severe and preventable events. Different mental models characterise interdisciplinary views about the definition. These differences challenge the utility of a single international consensus definition of Never Events. ConclusionGiven differences in mental models among clinicians and risk managers, approaches to eliminating Never Events may benefit from identifying and addressing these differences in order to improve teamwork and implementation of safety protocols.

Evaluation of occupational health practice in the laundry and linen service at Kenyatta National hospital, Nairobi City County, Kenya

Background: Health facility laundry ensures provision of enough, dirt free and continuous provision of garments for medical use. Main activities involve: Arranging, thorough cleaning, disinfecting, packing and dispatch. Safety hazards are features in the workplace with a potential to cause harm. This study aimed at evaluating occupational health practise of laundry and linen services at Kenyatta National hospital in the Nairobi City County, Kenya. Specifically, the study sought to ascertain potential hazards, determine adherence levels and establish wet bulb globe temperature of workers in the Laundry and Linen Service at Kenyatta National Hospital.Methods: This research adopted a cross-sectional analytical design through a questionnaire that was structured. One-forty (140) participants were recruited for interviewing through a systematic random sampling technique. Data was cleaned and analysis was done by use of version 22.0 of SPSS software. A Chi-test was calculated to show associations between variables.Results: The analysis of association revealed that age (χ2(2)=9.091, p=0.011, p<0.05), level of education attained (χ2(1)=10.76, p=0.001, p<0.05) and marital status (χ2(2)=9.768, p=0.008, p<0.05) were had a signification association with knowledge on environmental aspects in laundry and linen services.Conclusions: The hospital has made significant efforts in implementing various health and safety programs which can be adopted across different departments. The hospital management needs to ensure that workers are continuously trained on existing and emerging safety hazards, implementation of safety protocols and installation of AC system and improved ventilation within the laundry.

Efficacy and potential of phage therapy against multidrug resistant Shigella spp.

Shigella-infected bacillary dysentery or commonly known as Shigellosis is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The gradual emergence of multidrug resistant Shigella spp. has triggered the search for alternatives to conventional antibiotics. Phage therapy could be one such suitable alternative, given its proven long term safety profile as well as the rapid expansion of phage therapy research. To be successful, phage therapy will need an adequate regulatory framework, effective strategies, the proper selection of appropriate phages, early solutions to overcome phage therapy limitations, the implementation of safety protocols, and finally improved public awareness. To achieve all these criteria and successfully apply phage therapy against multidrug resistant shigellosis, a comprehensive study is required. In fact, a variety of phage-based approaches and products including single phages, phage cocktails, mutated phages, genetically engineered phages, and combinations of phages with antibiotics have already been carried out to test the applications of phage therapy against multidrug resistant Shigella. This review provides a broad survey of phage treatments from past to present, focusing on the history, applications, limitations and effective solutions related to, as well as the prospects for, the use of phage therapy against multidrug resistant Shigella spp. and other multidrug resistant bacterial pathogens.

Mechanism and strategies of post-earthquake evacuation based on cellular automata model

The evacuation procedure during an earthquake can likely lead to a stampede among a crowd of people involved in it and consequently casualties. The understanding and simulation of this procedure are essential to study how unexpected disasters affect casualties, behaviors and safety levels in an earthquake. This paper proposes an improved cellular automata model considering people's subjective perceptions (e.g. familiarity, behavioral preference) and implementation of safety protocol (e.g. protocol robustness) during an earthquake. This study simulates an evacuation procedure done in a room and a whole building; the effects of the model parameters, evacuation priority, and collapsed staircases are studied. The minimum evacuation time is associated with higher level of evacuees’ familiarity with the surroundings where the earthquake occurs, undifferentiated habitual preference, and a suitable range of protocol robustness. A multi-floor case study based on the proposed model shows that the total evacuation time in the building after an earthquake occurs can be significantly reduced with more emergency staircases. Adjusting the evacuation order of pedestrians on different floors can increase the efficiency of evacuation. The effect of collapsed staircases during or after earthquake occurrence is simulated to examine the pedestrians in a collision. Finally, strategies for improving the efficiency of evacuation during earthquakes are proposed.

Improve safety in patients at risk for sleep apnea.

The clinical risks associated with sleep apnea have been documented for a number of years but continue to attract limited attention in the general hospital population. While risk assessment tools have been developed and protocols for management adopted on a relatively routine basis, there is a continued disconnect between identifying at risk, undiagnosed patients in nonsurgical admissions. This article outlines one community hospital's initiative to identify patients at risk for sleep apnea with implementation of safety protocols, patient education and a post-hospitalization referral system to improve the clinical outcome and safety of a population at risk.

Special Needs Populations: Perioperative Care of the Patient With Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is a rare but lethal prion disease. The worldwide mortality rate of CJD is 1.67 per one million people, although 90% of cases will lead to death within one year of symptom onset. Rapid, progressive dementia is the cardinal sign of CJD. Other early symptoms include deterioration of muscle coordination, memory, judgment, and vision, as well as personality changes, insomnia, and depression. It occurs in two types, classic and new variant, and classic CJD can be further divided into three subtypes: sporadic, familial (ie, genetic), and iatrogenic (ie, health care associated). Surgery often requires using instruments that come in contact with high-infectivity tissue, especially during neurosurgical procedures and diagnostic biopsies. To reduce the risk of disease transmission, infection control practices should include identification of the risk of infection, implementation of safety protocols (eg, use of personal protective equipment), proper selection and use of instrumentation, and adequate disinfection and sterilization practices. Silent carriers, risks of iatrogenic infection, and the possibility of inadvertent exposure of healthy patients may carry great liability to public health and hospital stability.

High voltage induced myocardial dysfunction with associated acute four-chamber dilated cardiomyopathy: A case report and review of the literature

Electrical burns and lightening injuries are estimated to result in more than 3000 admissions to specialized burn units each year in the United States and comprise approximately 3–4% of all burn related injuries. The incidence has remained at a steady-state despite the implementation of safety protocols in the workplace and primarily affects young working men. Up to 40% of serious electrical injuries are fatal, resulting in an estimated 1000 deaths per year. High-voltage electrical injury (>1000 V) are truly devastating and cause long term morbidity in those who survive including extremity amputations, blindness, respiratory collapse and renal failure as a sequelae from the deep penetrating tissue destruction [1–5]. However, the most common cause of death continues to be cardiac arrest after acute arrhythmias at the scene of the incident secondary to either asystole or ventricular fibrillation [4,6]. In one postmortem study of four cases of accidental electrocution that resulted in immediate death, cardiac histopathology demonstrated transmural widespread focal necrosis and contraction band necrosis of the smooth muscle cells in the tunica media within the coronary arteries [7]. There are also numerous case reports in the literature describing