Implementation Of Renewable Energy Policies Research Articles

National goal, local resistance: How institutional gaps hinder local renewable energy development in Taiwan

In most countries, energy transitions are well supported by the public; however, the implementation of renewable energy policies at the local level is often beset with resistance. Previous research has mainly focused on factors influencing community acceptance and strategies to improve social acceptance. Meanwhile, there has been limited analysis of the institutional gaps that lead to local resistance and the dynamic effects of institutional factors on renewable energy implementation at the local level. This paper thus investigates Taiwan's regulations for renewable energy development, presenting a detailed case study from a local context. It examines the factors contributing to local resistance to the implementation of national renewable energy policy targets and explores the dynamics of these resistance actions. Furthermore, through the lens of multi-level governance, the study reveals the institutional gaps and interactions that influence the execution of national policy at the local level. Six major institutional gaps in Taiwan's renewable energy governance were identified, including the lack of energy governance authorizations for local governments, a lack of superordinate site selection criteria and evaluation mechanisms for development zones, lack of governance systems that can address multiple issues, lack of scientific and academic information, lack of information disclosure and public participation mechanisms, and the burden of carbon reduction responsibilities and costs on local communities with few or no benefits. Compounded together, these six institutional gaps lead to the buildup of negative experiences interacting with the government and the renewable energy industry and feelings of worry, panic, distrust, and injustice among the local populace. These ultimately trigger resistance attitudes and the adoption of protest actions, hindering solar farm developments from reaching national policy targets. This study highlights the critical role of multi-level governance in facilitating the energy transition, emphasizing that the successful development of renewable energy requires a robust institutional framework. Such a framework is essential for addressing the complex governance challenges that arise during this transition, particularly aspects supporting local engagement. The six institutional gaps identified from the Taiwan case can serve as policy references for countries or cities intending to promote ground-mounted solar power.

Measurement and Comparison of Different Dimensions of Renewable Energy Policy Implementation in the Agricultural Sector

The current research aims to measure the different dimensions of renewable energy policy implementation and compare these dimensions with each other, focusing on Iran's agricultural sector. This analysis makes it possible to identify the strengths and weaknesses in implementing existing policies. The five dimensions include "organizational and institutional", "incentives", "investment", "infrastructure", and "human resources development". The statistical population of this research comprised energy policy experts, whose number was 85. The sampling method was random, and 70 persons participated in answering the questionnaire using the Karjesi and Morgan table. A questionnaire was used to collect data. The reliability of the questionnaire was calculated using Cronbach's alpha (0.916). Face validity, content validity ratio (CVR), and content validity index (CVI) were applied to determine validity. In the calculation of CVR, values ≥0.33 were considered reasonable and appropriate to confirm each item. All CVI values obtained were higher than 0.79. Multi-criteria analysis was used to analyze the data. The results indicated that organizational and institutional policies were at the highest level of unsustainability. The dimension of investment policies showed less unsustainability than other dimensions. The other three dimensions also showed significant deficiencies. It seems that policy development to eliminate the diversity and interference of organizations, fuel subsidies revision, market policy development, attracting capital, and participation of stakeholders is necessary to reduce unsustainability in this field. The development of the resources of expert forces and attention to educational policies should also be considered.

Public perception and policy development in the transition to renewable energy

The transition to renewable energy is essential for addressing climate change and ensuring a sustainable future. This paper explores the critical role of public perception in shaping the development and implementation of renewable energy policies. It examines the historical evolution of public attitudes toward energy, the factors influencing public perception, and the impact of public support or opposition on policy outcomes. Additionally, the paper reviews current policy frameworks and highlights the challenges policymakers face in balancing public opinion with political, economic, and environmental goals. Public engagement emerges as a key factor in successful policy implementation, with examples from various countries illustrating how public involvement has influenced energy transitions. Finally, the paper discusses future trends in public perception and offers recommendations for policymakers to better align public opinion with the goals of renewable energy transitions. The findings underscore the importance of integrating public perception into policy development to achieve a successful and inclusive energy transition.

계통연계형 PV(Photovoltaic) 설계 및 과도상태 특성 연구

This study investigated the design of a grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) system based on solar power generation and its characteristics during ground-fault incidents. Various approaches to enhance the stability and efficiency of the PV system were explored. Experimental results confirmed that the integration of solar arrays, DC/DC converters, and inverters optimized the output characteristics of the system. In particular, the analysis focused on current changes and control mechanisms during ground fault incidents and compared the effectiveness of DC circuit breakers and superconducting fault current limiters. Simulations were performed to propose solutions to address the problem of sudden increases in fault current. The results demonstrated the effectiveness of DC circuit breakers in limiting fault currents. Additionally, the application of fault current limiters improved both fault current limitation and response times for disconnection. The results of this study enhance the safety and economic operation of solar power systems and facilitate the adoption of eco-friendly energy. The results can be used as a reference for the design and operation of solar power systems in the future and can support the implementation of renewable energy policies.

The Evaluation of Use Photovoltaics (PV) in Renewable Energy Technology as Sustainability Strategies

The United Nations (UN) proposed the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to make the earth peaceful and prosperous by 2030. Abundant water and food supply, sustainable energy consumption, climate change mitigation, and sustainable energy consumption are considered the keys to better sustainability. For example, the food sector is responsible for 30% of global energy consumption, 21-37% of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and 70% of global water withdrawals. Integrating renewable energy into a country's energy mix largely depends on the implementation of renewable energy policies. Sustainably developed solar photovoltaic options to meet energy. The main focus is to achieve energy security and independence with special emphasis on solar energy, to drive transformative change towards widespread adoption of renewable energy. The research method uses a literature study and the findings are in the form of the direction of the Indonesian Government's policy setting, namely the National Energy General Plan (RUEN) which is the basis for regulation through Presidential Regulation Number 79 of 2014 with the aim of changing the increase in the national energy share to 23% by 2025. This regulation aims to create opportunities for PT PLN (Persero) customers in the household, business, government, social, and industrial sectors to be actively involved in the utilization and management of renewable energy in a sustainable manner and provide insight into the sustainability of solar energy, including environmental and economic development.

Analysis of solar energy potentials of five selected south-east cities in nigeria using deep learning algorithms

This study presents a meticulous examination of the solar energy potential of five selected metropolitan cities (Abakaliki, Awka, Enugu, Owerri, and Umuahia) in Eastern part of Nigeria using deep learning algorithm, specifically the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) model. These cities, despite being characterized by extended rainy seasons and a high level of cloudiness, are suitable environment for solar power generation and investment opportunities. The employed methodology capitalized on the LSTM deep learning approach to analyze and predict energy generation, utilizing comprehensive hourly weather data from the National Airspace Agency (NASA). The data set comprised various parameters, such as date/time, solar azimuth angle, temperature, humidity, wind speed, wind direction, cloud cover, and power, enabling a thorough analysis of each city. To ensure accuracy, energy prediction capabilities were benchmarked against real-time datasets from a solar power plant in Ulsan, South Korea, thereby training and fine-tuning the model for precision. The LSTM model's performance metrics were maintained at a learning rate of 0.07, a batch size of 150, and a train-test split ratio of 0.8 to 0.2. Data validation exhibited a mean square error (MSE) of 0.01, demonstrating the model’s reliability. Results showed Enugu as having the highest solar energy potential, averaging 6.25 kWh/day, while Awka registered the most substantial electricity demand across various sectors. These findings highlight the substantial potential for photovoltaic (PV) power systems and advocate for the immediate implementation of renewable energy policy in the selected cities. These are expected to bring about significant implications for future renewable energy environmentally friendly investments in Nigeria and globally.

New and Renewable Energy Policy Implementation for Sustainable Development

Humans are the driving force in all activities on this earth, for this reason human individuality is an important point, to accelerate himself and hone his skills properly, in order to optimize his function as an individual creature. Besides that, because humans also live in society (Zoon Politicon) they must also contribute to the order of life of society and the state as mandated by the constitution, the existence of control and exploitation of natural resources that are fundamental to the life of the nation and state is carried out by the state, including energy natural resources that can be encouraging the growth and improvement of just law, as well as the application of new and renewable energy policies for sustainable development in Indonesia. Based on constitutional support and the need for a legal umbrella to protect new and renewable energy, it is necessary to regulate it comprehensively. This study aims to determine the application of new renewable energy policies for sustainable development. This research method uses a normative juridical research method with a case approach and statutory approach (statute approach). The implementation of new renewable energy policies for sustainable development shows that it has not been optimally implemented, especially in Indonesia, while Indonesia has the potential for large sources of new and renewable energy. However, utilization of this potential is still not maximized due to technological limitations and economic considerations. The business scheme and types of new renewable energy generators which are still small scale are not yet optimal, and the interconnection system is still limited. Therefore, the need for an important urgency in regulating the application of new and renewable energy policies for sustainable development must have a legal basis in its implementation.

Policy Capacity Challenges for Renewable Energy Development in West Sumatra, Indonesia

West Sumatra Province already has an energy development planning document, one of which is renewable energy development. Unfortunately, four years on, the policy’s realization has not followed existing plans. Thus, this study aims to analyze the challenges of policy capacity in developing renewable energy in West Sumatra Province. This research method is qualitative with a case study approach. Furthermore, data was collected from interviews with resource persons from various parties. The results show that low analytical capacity is the main factor affecting the formulation of evidence-based policies. Low operational capacity also hinders the effectiveness of renewable energy policy implementation. Political challenges, such as changing priorities and lack of commitment, also affect renewable energy development. Lack of transparency in policy formulation leads to public resistance to renewable energy development. The study concludes that it is crucial to strengthen policy capacity and engage actors from various sectors to achieve the goal of sustainable renewable energy development and contribute to climate change mitigation globally. This article can serve as a guide for policymakers and industry in achieving ambitious renewable energy goals in the future.

Promoting green investment for renewable energy sources in China: Case study from autoregressive distributed Lagged in error correction approach

Green finance development is critical for balancing economic growth and environmental conservation. Global economies implement rigorous environmental rules to limit climate change, stimulating the shift to renewable energy by promoting green investment due to more excellent perception and mounting demands from concerned parties—using 27,042 observations from China's Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges for A-share listed businesses. On data from 1990 to 2019, this research uses a cross-section augmented autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) framework. The findings show that enforcing strict environmental standards is one of the most effective strategies for Chinese companies to reduce carbon emissions using green financing. Furthermore, renewable energy has a negative correlation with carbon emissions. Our research reveals that renewable energy regulations increase energy businesses' total factor productivity and that the impact of policy implementation lasts for some time. Our results hold up to a variety of green finance promotion approaches. According to further research, the boosting effect of renewable energy policy implementation may be eclipsed by its impact on the allocation of resources efficiency and technical innovation. Furthermore, the influence of renewable energy legislation on total factor productivity varies due to changes in company type, external environment, and geographical position. Renewable energy initiatives, for example, tend to reduce total factor productivity in state-owned businesses, large-scale businesses, and businesses with a high ownership concentration.

How “Informing Consumers” Impacts Willingness to Pay for Renewable Energy Electricity in China

This paper finds that informed residents are more willing to support renewable energy development. Respondents with a higher level of participation in renewable energy planning, satisfaction with the implementation of renewable energy policies, as well as recognition of the high cost of renewable energy are more willing to use renewable energy. They are willing to pay more for renewable energy power, which means that respondents with more green information (renewable energy) are willing to pay more for renewable energy electricity. Although respondents are more willing to use voluntary payment mechanisms, they are more likely to pay more for renewable energy power under the mandatory payment mechanism. There is a large gap between the actual green power purchase behavior of Chinese residents and the expected WTP, mainly because there are many problems in the voluntary subscription mechanism for green power certificates. Finally, this paper provides targeted policy recommendations for policymakers.

A Number of Policy Recommendations to Promote Legal Safeguards for Renewable Energy for Private Investment in Liberia

The development and implementation of renewable energy policies and regulations in Liberia are cardinal to develop the nascent electricity sector. Liberia had developed some of the priority policy and regulatory instruments in the electricity sector; however, supportive policies and regulations to minimize investment risks and create an enabling environment for all actors are indispensable to attain universal energy access. The research aims to provide policy and regulatory recommendations that will increase private sector participation in the electricity sector of Liberia through the deployment of renewable energy technologies. The recommendations examined a comprehensive review and analysis of the energy legislation in Liberia, renewable energy policies in Nigeria, Ghana, Sierra Leone, and data on renewable energy policies from countries in West Africa. It was explicit from the literature review that Liberia does not have policies and regulations for renewable power generation, transmission, and distribution, which are imperative for private sector participation. The establishment of the new renewable energy law and supportive policies such as policy and regulation on tariff setting, fiscal policy, financial policy, administrative and legal provisions, and technical standards are the recommendations of this research paper.

Developing a perspective on the use of renewable energy in Iran

Despite numerable resources in Iran, the issue of renewable energies and the formulation of a grand strategy for the future are very important. This study identifies the most important effective factors, the extent and how they affect, and finally the possible scenarios for the future status of renewable energy in Iran. Therefore, this study was an applied descriptive-analytical study that is using expert groups and the Delphi method to identify the influential factors. After extraction of assumptions and prominent trends in Iran's renewable energy future (using cross-impact analysis in the MICMAC software), the effect of these trends on key variables was qualitatively determined (using causal layered analysis). This study presents Iran's renewable energy future scenarios in three dimensions of "long-term technology acquisition programs", "policy stabilization" and "attraction of foreign capital". The results showed that the success of the planning and implementation of renewable energy policy relies on the selection of policies that are the most adaptive with national targets, technical abilities, and the country's economy. Therefore, it is necessary to acquire accurate identification of limitations, obstacles, available facilities and technologies, international sanctions, and foreign investment in detail to develop the comprehensive plan of renewable energy efficiently and implement it successfully.

What are the challenges and opportunities in implementing Taiwan's aquavoltaics policy? A roadmap for achieving symbiosis between small-scale aquaculture and photovoltaics

The Taiwan government has initiated multiple renewable energy development projects in recent years, one of which involved the use of photovoltaics (PVs) as a source of renewable energy. Given the limited land resources in Taiwan, the government introduced an aquavoltaics policy that was aimed at slowing the reduction in aquaculture production and increasing non-farming production benefits for small-scale aquaculture farmers without compromising the country's industrial development. However, when this policy took effect, landowners began exploiting fishpond areas, which adversely impacted fishpond prices and preyed on farmers, tenants, and the environment, in addition to affecting the sustainable development of aquaculture. To meet the research purpose, this study explores, assesses, and analyses the effects of the aquavoltaics policy on Taiwan's aquaculture industry. The results show that different stakeholders had dissimilar views on the aquavoltaics policy. The research findings are expected to expedite the integration of different opinions with the implementation of renewable energy policies. The government sector should also effectively communicate the aquavoltaics policy to various stakeholders and help them to adopt the policy to reduce operational risks for aquaculture farmers and simultaneously facilitate the sustainable development of aquaculture and thereby make Taiwan's small-scale aquaculture farming system a model of energy transition.

The impact of community split on the acceptance of wind turbines

Public acceptance is critical to the successful implementation of renewable energy policy. Most of the literature on public acceptance within the community framework has focused on the tension between neighboring communities or the conflict between state planning processes and the needs of local communities. The community, in these cases, is often categorized as a unified and homogeneous unit of measurement. This emphasis on aggregate numbers at the regional and national levels rather than the community level conceals the inequalities that are likely to lurk beneath the surface and therefore hinder the renewable transformation. In an effort to understand the nuances of renewable energy conflict within a community and its effect on public acceptance, this article examines the acceptance of the establishment of renewable energy projects on a kibbutz and a moshav – two cooperative forms of rural settlement in Israel. Our findings suggest that policymakers interested in promoting renewable energy should also pay attention to inner community dynamics in order to foster bridge building initiatives and community cohesiveness. If the priority is to maintain the cohesion of an existing community, policymakers should first seek fairness and respect social acceptance. In both cases, religion was found to act as a strong pacifying factor shaping both community cohesion and community acceptance. In addition, it was found that a deep split within the community renders the introduction of monetary incentives inconsequential.

An overview of the opportunities and challenges in sustaining the energy industry in Afghanistan

Energy access is not only crucial for economic growth but also important for any strategy to improve the health and social welfare of a nation. Afghanistan’s energy industry is in poor condition due to many years of war and negligence. Despite international agencies’ support and energy policies adopted in the last few years, Afghanistan has no universal access to power. Besides, the residences suffer from an irregular distribution of power supply. There is a growing gap between demand and supply, and the current predictions of demand do not show reality due to hindered economic growth. Afghanistan’s domestic power transmission is limited, which must be extended for the country to enjoy a stable and sustainable energy supply. Sustainability and security of Afghanistan’s power sector would rely on its ability to become self-reliant in power generation. Overall, the objective of this paper is to summarize the current energy status of Afghanistan and to identify energy opportunities for self-sufficiency and challenges in various aspects of energy sources. To meet energy demand, Afghanistan can develop its autochthonous hydrocarbon and renewable energy resources. By improving its domestic energy potential from natural resources, Afghanistan can fulfill its primary energy requirement. Further, along with policy formulation, appropriate and planned implementation of renewable energy policy, energy efficiency targets, and strategies, Afghanistan can reach energy self-sufficiency goals with socio-economic development.

Assessing the Implementation of Renewable Energy Policy within the UAE by Adopting the Australian ‘Solar Town’ Program

The environmental policies and the use of renewable energy are at the highest priority of the United Arab Emirates’ (UAE) plans and strategies, and the implementation of clean energy in the country is one of the recent environmental practices that would require more studies and investigation. Conducting this study will offer some valuable analyses and results that could be taking into consideration in the implementation of renewable and solar energy programs further to enacting the environmental legislations and policies to achieve the UAE’s target of reducing CO2 emissions 70% by 2050. This study aims to explore the capability of implementing the solar panel (PV) system on a large scale by adopting the ‘Solar Town’ program and policies developed by some of the leading countries such as Germany and Australia. Further to this, Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA) was conducted to explore the benefit and the payback period of implementing this program. By calculating the CBA for each property within the community, it has been found that the PV energy system could cover an apartment’s electricity consumption with a 1.1 kW surplus, while it can cover only 60% of a villa’s electricity consumption.

The Role of Renewable Energy to Reduce Climate Change: Perspective of Policy Content and Context

Energy needs have increased each year along with economic growth and increasing population number. Indonesia still relies on fossil fuels as an energy source that dominates the national energy mix. Fossil energy has an impact on greenhouse gas emissions that threatens climate change. The role of the government through energy diversification policies has not provided maximum contribution to fulfil energy needs. This study aims to analyze the policy of developing renewable energy in reducing greenhouse gas emissions based on content and context policy, using qualitative method to explain and describe implementation of the renewable energy policy. Data were derived from primary and secondary sources which are conducted in the period of October – December 2018. The result shows that there were several factors from the content and context of policy that have a significant correlation in the renewable energy policy implementation. The political environment has a role in the implementation of policy content related to the benefits that will be perceived by the community. Other policies that influence renewable energy consumption like fuel and electricity subsidy and allocation of resources are needed to implement the policy.

The impact of promoting renewable energy in Taiwan — How much hail is added to snow in farmland prices?

Abstract The purpose of this study is to first examine whether farmland prices are higher with renewable energy solar panel installation than without such installation. Second, we study whether farmland with solar panels has a different impact on the prices of other farmland at different distances. Finally, we ask whether the effect on farmland prices varies when the installed solar panel capacity of nearby farmland varies. The contribution of this study is that the impacts are evaluated in monetary terms regarding “not in my backyard” or “yes in my backyard” for farmland surrounded by solar panel installation. The results indicate that farmland with solar panel installation increases the prices of other farmland at different distances from 3.40% to 37.02% compared to the average farmland price. These results clearly show that “planting” solar panels increases farmland prices to different degrees for all divisions (districts) of the studied city except for one. However, higher farmland prices may not benefit current landowners if potential renters or buyers cannot afford to rent or purchase farmland at a high price. Thus, higher farmland prices due to the installation of renewable energy capacity neither benefit existing surrounding farmers nor are good for the agricultural development of the country. The implementation of renewable energy policies should not only focus on more than meeting the renewable energy target. Prioritizing locations and enforcement of the implementation should also be considered to maintain the long-term agricultural development of Taiwan.

The Role of Household Consumers in Adopting Renewable Energy Technologies in Kenya

In transition to a low-carbon economy, the adoption of renewable energy (RE) technologies by energy investors, power utilities and energy consumers is critical. In developing countries like Kenya with a high rate of urbanization, this transition requires urban and rural residents’ proactive responses to using renewable energy sources. In this regard, a better understanding of residents’ perceptions about renewable energy investment, RE sources availability, climate change, environmental conservation and other factors can lead to more efficient and sustainable implementation of renewable energy policies. This study investigates the role Kenya’s household energy consumers in urban and rural areas can play in adopting renewable energy technologies. To achieve this, a questionnaire survey was administered among 250 household consumers in Nairobi County, Makueni County, and Uasin Gishu County. Our survey analysis shows that about 84% of the respondents were interested in adopting renewable energy for their entire energy consumption mostly because of solving frequent power outages and high energy cost from the grid system. This perception did not have any correlations with income levels or any other socio-economic factors we identified. Furthermore, about 72% of the respondents showed their interests in producing and selling renewable energy to the national or local grids if government subsidies were readily available. Rural residents showed strong interests in adopting renewable energy technologies, especially solar PV solutions. However, the main impediment to their investment in renewable energy was the high cost of equipment (49%) and the intermittent nature of renewable energy (27%) resources.

Diversification of nonhydro renewable energy sources in developing countries

Despite the increasing attention on renewable energy, still there is limited empirical analysis about its determinants especially in developing countries. In this paper, we investigate the determinants of diversification of nonhydro renewable energy sources such as wind, solar, geothermal, biomass and waste using an extensive data set covering more than 100 developing countries from 1980 to 2010. We explore several estimation techniques such as negative binomial regression and Poisson pseudo-maximum likelihood estimation. Controlling for time and regional variations, results show that higher per capita income, implementation of renewable energy policy, advances in technological innovation and improvement in human capital promotes diversification of nonhydro sources of renewable energy. However, financial development showed no robust evidence of its effect on the diversification. Similarly, high dependence on foreign sources of fuel, increasing world market price for crude oil and increasing population will push developing countries to diversify sources of nonhydro renewable energy. In contrast, the local abundance of hydropower, high production of fossil fuel, development aid and foreign direct investment do not contribute to diversification. Results highlight salient information in drawing the roadmap for further diffusion of renewable energy in developing countries. This suggests that policy makers should exert consistent effort in integrating renewable energy in the country’s energy mix.