Implementation Of Relevant Policies Research Articles

The Role of Counselors in College Students' Mental Health Education

At present, college students' mental health education is facing many challenges. Effective mental health education can help students cope with stress better, improve their self-regulation ability and enhance their psychological resilience, thus improving their academic performance and quality of life. Based on this, this study aims to explore the role of promoting counselors in college students' mental health education, and put forward corresponding implementation suggestions. Measures such as strengthening professional training, establishing effective communication mechanism, optimizing working environment and conditions, and enhancing influence can help counselors play their roles better and provide strong support for students' mental health. By studying the role of counselors in college students' mental health education, this paper can enhance the social attention to college students' mental health education, promote the formulation and implementation of relevant policies, and create a good social environment for the healthy growth of college students. At the same time, it can also improve counselors' professional identity and job satisfaction, and promote the stability and development of counselors.

A Study on the Effectiveness of Business Environment Policy Implementation in Mudanjiang City, Heilongjiang Province: Taking the Reform of Management and Service as an Example

In recent years, the poor business environment in Northeast China has become a key factor restricting the regions economic development. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC), in order to deepen the reform of administrative system and promote the transformation of government functions, China has pushed forward the reform of releasing management and providing services, which has optimised the local business environment to a certain extent. However, in some areas of Northeast China, such as Mudanjiang City, Heilongjiang Province, the reform of release of management and service to improve the business environment is not obvious. This paper analyses the effectiveness of the implementation of relevant policies to optimize the business environment in Mudanjiang City, summarizes the relevant reasons and puts forward recommendations, namely, from the deepening of the style of the organs to rectify the situation, the implementation of policies and measures, improve the business environment, and improve the business environment. This paper analyses the effectiveness of policy implementation from three aspects, i.e. deepening organ style rectification, comprehensive implementation of policies and measures, and perfecting enterprise landing environment, and seeks to improve the poor business environment in the northeast region from the policy area and achieve economic revitalisation.

THE ROLE OF PUBLIC POLICY IN ENSURING PUBLIC HEALTH

A healthy population is the key to the long-term development and existence of any state. Therefore, one of the important tasks of the state is the development and implementation of relevant policies aimed at maintaining and strengthening the health of all segments of the population. The purpose of this study was to determine the role, influence and instruments of public policy for the preservation and promotion of public health. During the study, a retrospective analysis of the literature data, as well as the legal framework of Ukraine in the field of maintaining the health of the population, was performed. Adequate policies that may have an impact on the health of the population are implemented through ensuring the population's access to medical care; social protection measures; education and through economic aspects. The mechanism for implementing policies to ensure public health includes institutions and organizations that form the policy and interaction of all participants to implement policies, as well as regulatory and legal documents through which these initiatives are actually implemented. Today Ukraine is in difficult social and economic conditions. There is a negative trend in the health of the population. However, despite this, Ukraine implements policies to preserve and improve the health of the population by joining the global process of achieving the Sustainable Development Goals; adoption of the Law of Ukraine “On the system of public health”, which is aimed at protecting and strengthening the health of the population, preventing diseases, improving the quality and increasing life expectancy, ensuring the sanitary and epidemic well-being of the population; development of regulatory documents on priority areas for the development of the healthcare sector for the period up to 2025.

Las acciones climáticas de América Latina y el Caribe y la cooperación relacionada con China. Climate actions in Latin America and the Caribbean and related cooperated with China

Over recent years, climate change has been a key issue of global concern to the world and the countries in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) which have shown increasing interest and actively joined and participated in the global climate governance agreements. Many LAC countries have taken the initiative to propose their own carbon neutrality goals and take measures such as accelerating the energy transition, restoring ecosystems, and cooperating with China in renewable energy sectors, which have led to admirable results. Historical and cultural traditions, as well as economic development needs, are the driving forces for LAC countries’ emphasis on addressing the climate issue. In the future, countries in the region will continue to work towards the goal of carbon neutrality and further strengthen the implementation of relevant policies. However, persistent, creative efforts are called for to overcome the socio-economic challenges brought by the COVID-19 pandemic to achieve carbon neutrality targets. To achieve the goal of carbon neutrality, the governments of LAC countries must continue to adhere to green policies, build social consensus, and increase capital investment. Cooperation within and beyond the region is needed to consolidate the ability of sustainable development and make up for the shortcomings of capital and technology in some countries to assist countries in jointly achieving carbon neutrality goals.

Safety risks and ethical governance of biomedical applications of synthetic biology.

Background: In recent years, biomedicine has witnessed rapid advancements in applying synthetic biology. While these advancements have brought numerous benefits to patients, they have also given rise to a series of safety concerns. Methods: This article provides a succinct overview of the current research on synthetic biology's application in biomedicine and systematically analyzes the safety risks associated with this field. Based on this analysis, the article proposes fundamental principles for addressing these issues and presents practical recommendations for ethical governance. Results: This article contends that the primary safety risks associated with the application of synthetic biology in biomedicine include participant safety, biosafety risks, and biosecurity risks. In order to effectively address these risks, it is essential to adhere to the principles of human-centeredness, non-maleficence, sustainability, and reasonable risk control. Guided by these fundamental principles and taking into account China's specific circumstances, this article presents practical recommendations for ethical governance, which include strengthening ethical review, promoting the development and implementation of relevant policies, improving legal safeguards through top-level design, and enhancing technical capabilities for biocontainment. Conclusion: As an emerging field of scientific technology, synthetic biology presents numerous safety risks and challenges in its application within biomedicine. In order to address these risks and challenges, it is imperative that appropriate measures be implemented. From a Chinese perspective, the solutions we propose serve not only to advance the domestic development of synthetic biology but also to contribute to its global progress.

How Does Industrial Upgrading Affect Urban Ecological Efficiency? New Evidence from China

ABSTRACT The upgrade of industrial structure is one type of momentum for improving urban ecological efficiency, and exploring the nexus between them can help implement the concept of green development. Using data from 284 cities in China between 2004 and 2019, this research employs a series of econometric models to examine how improving industrial structure contributes to the growth of urban ecological efficiency. The research results reveal that urban ecological efficiency can be significantly improved by industrial structure upgrade, while ecological efficiency is inhibited by low-quality GDP and financial development models and insignificantly decreased by industrial structure rationalization. In addition, industrial structure upgrading has failed to play a mediating role in promoting eco-efficiency through technological innovation and the reduction of pollutant emission intensity. Moreover, officials’ turnover plays a negative moderating influence on the role of industrial upgrading in increasing ecological efficiency, while environmental regulation plays the opposite role. This study further conducts triple heterogeneity tests including city size, resource endowment, and regional heterogeneity, which provide a feasible way for further implementation of relevant policies.

Study on the Temporal and Spatial Evolution Characteristics of Chinese Public's Cognition and Attitude to “Double Reduction” Policy Based on Big Data

The “double reduction” policy is a policy innovation of China's comprehensive education reform to build a high-quality education system. The public's cognition and attitude toward it are of great significance to its actual implementation. A total of 98396 texts related to “double reduction” collected from Sina-Weibo by web crawler technology are investigated to explore the public's cognition and attitude towards the “double reduction” policy as well as its spatio-temporal evolution characteristics. Guided by life cycle theory, the evolution of the public's attitude is studied by sentiment analysis based on the ERINE algorithm and DUTIR. Topics are selected with the adoption of TF-IDF and LDA models to perform spatio-temporal evolution of public cognition and analyze group differences. The results are as follows: the evolution of public concern about the “double reduction” policy is phased and the period of high incidence is closely related to time nodes such as policy release, the new school term, and holidays. There are temporal and spatial differences in the evolution of public attitudes between different stages and groups. Although the public holds a relatively negative attitude, with more information about the “double reduction” policy available, the public's attitude is gradually easing. Topics of public concern vary in different periods, and different groups show different emotional attitudes and have distinctive evolution characteristics of cognitive themes. Compared with other age groups, teenagers pay more attention to topics related to their studies and life. The government's official micro-blog not only shoulders the responsibility of publicizing relevant policies, but also pays close attention to the implementation of relevant policies around the country. The influential groups hold a relatively firm attitude and stable emotions and often can orient public opinions. The regional attention to the “double reduction” policy is positively correlated with the level of local economic development. The research results can help government departments learn about the public's cognition and attitude towards the “double reduction” policy to provide decision-making support, and serve as an important basis for solving existing contradictions and promoting the effective implementation of policies.

State policy and local resilience: evaluating state policies for flood resilience in the Great Lakes region of the United States

ABSTRACT Flood resilience policy and planning are highly localized in the United States (US) and many parts of the world, with local governments responsible for a wide range of land use and infrastructure investment decisions that drive flood risk and response. However, many local governments lack the resources to plan for and adapt to increased flooding without external support. State governments can help by promulgating rules and providing guidance and resources that make flood resilience planning at the local level easier, more likely, and more equitable. However, very little is known about the programmes and policies US states can and do develop to support local flood resilience, how much these programmes and policies vary between states, and the extent to which states are going beyond required or standard practice. In this study, we develop an evaluation framework for state flood policies and programmes that captures the types of programmes and policies used by states in the US, distinguishing between required or standard practices and more advanced approaches. We use a numeric scoring system to operationalize four distinct categories of state policy: information provision, planning guidance, regulations and standards, and funding and financing. The scoring system accounts for whether states incorporate climate change and social equity into their resources. We then apply the framework and scoring system to the eight states of the Great Lakes region: Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin. Our findings demonstrate both the consistencies and variation in state-level flood management programmes and policies, identify policy leaders in the region, and reveal areas where states can prioritize further investment and policy development for better flood risk management. The study provides an evaluation framework for scholars and practitioners of subnational flood policies and programmes, and descriptive insights into the status of state-level flood resilience policy and planning in the Great Lakes region.

Pesticide overuse in vegetable production: a case study of urban agriculture in city x, China

With the improvement in the living standard and enhancement of awareness of environmental protection by urban residents, food safety issues of vegetables, especially pesticide residues in vegetables, have gradually become an area of focus. According to previous investigations, the problems of pesticide overuse in vegetable production in City X, a typical metropolis of northern China, cannot be underestimated. To figure out the status quo and extent of pesticide overuse in China’s urban vegetable production, City X was taken as a research case. Therefore, the main aim of this research is to make an economic assessment of whether pesticides are overused in vegetable production in City X. The study was conducted based on panel data of the inputs and outputs of five kinds of vegetable crops commonly planted in City X from 1990 to 2018. The economic assessment of whether pesticides are overused depends on an accurate estimation of the marginal productivity of pesticides. As we all know, pesticides cannot directly increase crop yields but reduce yield losses by inhibiting pests and diseases and reducing weeds. Therefore, regarding pesticides same as other input factors and introducing them directly into the Cobb-Douglas production function would lead to an inaccurate estimation of the marginal productivity of pesticides. Thus, we adopted a damage control model distributed in exponential and Weibull forms on the basis of the C-D production function to estimate the marginal productivity of pesticides with the NLS method. Subsequently, we calculated the optimal levels of pesticide inputs and evaluated the extent of pesticide overuse for tomatoes, cucumbers, eggplants, peppers, and cabbages cultivated in open-field and greenhouse systems respectively. We found that the marginal productivity of pesticides was close to 0, indicating that pesticide overuse issues on vegetable crops in City X have been extremely serious ever since the 1990s. We also discovered that 100% of our samples suffered excessive pesticide application, and the average pesticide input level was 21.5 to 27.9 times higher than the optimal level. Among the five vegetable crops, the pesticide overuse in tomatoes was the most serious, with actual pesticide input of 2714 yuan/hectare, which was 26.8 to 35.2 times the optimal level. While the extent of pesticide overuse was the slightest for cabbages with 9.7 to 12.8 times the optimal level. Besides, the degree of pesticide overuse for greenhouse vegetables was 55% higher than that of open-field vegetables. Fortunately, our findings suggest that with the implementation of Pesticides Reduction policies in China, the pesticide overuse issue in the vegetable industry in City X, although still grim, has been alleviated. The introduction and application of policies such as unified control, green prevention and control, monitoring, and forewarning have played a great role. With the further refinement and implementation of relevant policies in the vegetable industry, the excessive use of pesticides will be further controlled. Finally, possible policy measures are proposed to ensure the sustainable development of the urban vegetable industry, such as enhancing the publicity and service level of the unified prevention and control policy, utilizing urban agricultural big data, promoting scientific pesticide use knowledge, and new prevention and control technologies by new media, and increasing investment in the R&D of new technologies and new pesticides.

Study on the Management Way of “Banning Electric Bicycles from Going Upstairs” in Tianjin

In recent years, the number of electric bikes in Tianjin is close to 4.59 million. Since 2018, there have been 241 electric bicycle fires in Tianjin, with direct property losses of 1.36 million yuan. Although the newly revised “Tianjin Fire Control Regulations” was officially implemented on November 9, 2021, the problems of unclear division of management rights and responsibilities and weak law enforcement force have been unable to be solved. Through literature collection, questionnaire survey, grassroots research and other methods, the paper inspects the implementation of relevant policies in Tianjin residential communities, summarizes the outstanding problems, carries out the grass-roots law publicity, and puts forward a series of specific measures.

Exploring the worldwide impact of COVID-19 on conflict risk under climate change

ObjectivesUnderstand whether and how the COVID-19 pandemic affects the risk of different types of conflict worldwide in the context of climate change. MethodologyBased on the database of armed conflict, COVID-19, detailed climate, and non-climate data covering the period 2020–2021, we applied Structural Equation Modeling specifically to reorganize the links between climate, COVID-19, and conflict risk. Moreover, we used the Boosted Regression Tree method to simulate conflict risk under the influence of multiple factors. FindingsThe transmission risk of COVID-19 seems to decrease as the temperature rises. Additionally, COVID-19 has a substantial worldwide impact on conflict risk, albeit regional and conflict risk variations exist. Moreover, when testing a one-month lagged effect, we find consistency across regions, indicating a positive influence of COVID-19 on demonstrations (protests and riots) and a negative relationship with non-state and violent conflict risk. ConclusionCOVID-19 has a complex effect on conflict risk worldwide under climate change. ImplicationsLaying the theoretical foundation of how COVID-19 affects conflict risk and providing some inspiration for the implementation of relevant policies.

Inflation Measurement in the Era of COVID-19

The outbreak of COVID-19 and the conflict between Russia and Ukraine have led to instability in the global economy and serious inflation in various countries, mainly due to sudden changes in household consumption patterns, countries differ in their initial response to the outbreak and the implementation of relevant policies, the sharp rise in energy prices and the monetary policies of various countries. The Chinese market has been the least affected due to China's timely control of the outbreak and the implementation of relevant policies to promote the economy in the later stage, while the US and European markets have not recovered to the pre-epidemic economic level so far. This paper analyzes the CPI and core-CPI data of the United States, Europe and China since the outbreak of COVID-19 in 2019, in order to judge the inflation situation of the United States, Europe and China under the double blow of COVID-19 and the Russia-Ukraine conflict.

Impact of operation scale and labor costs on pesticide use intensity of fruit farmers: evidence from peach farmers in China

The impact of the operation scale on the pesticide use intensity of farmers may be related to different crop types and production factors constraints over different operation scales. This study uses the survey data of 522 peach farmers in China in 2018 to investigate the impact of the operation scale on pesticide use intensity and discusses the influence of labor costs constraint on the pesticide use intensity of different operation scales of cash crop. Empirical analysis results reveal that the operation scale shows a U-shaped relationship with pesticide use intensity; as the labor costs of pesticide use increases, the pesticide use intensity decreases. After classifying peach farmers into large-scale and small-scale farmers, significant differences were found between them. Large-scale farmers are more inclined to use pesticides scientifically because of the dual constraints of pesticide costs and labor costs, while small-scale farmers are more inclined to overuse pesticides because of a lower constraint of labor costs. Further, as labor costs of pesticide use rise, the negative influence of scale expansion on pesticide use intensity decreases. Therefore, the formulation and implementation of relevant policies need to distinguish different crop types and different operation scales and need to understand the actual needs and constraints of farmers, so as to truly reduce pesticide use intensity and increase pesticide use efficiency.

Spatiotemporal evolution and driving forces of ecosystem service value and ecological risk in the Ulan Buh Desert

A clear understanding of the spatiotemporal evolution and driving factors of ecosystem service value (ESV) and the landscape ecological risk index (ERI) can effectively link human well-being and ecosystem security, which is essential for sustainable ecosystem management. Based on multitemporal land use data (1990, 2000, 2010, and 2018), the spatiotemporal evolution of ESV and the ERI in the Ulan Buh Desert was evaluated. The driving forces of ESV and the ERI were quantitatively evaluated by the Geodetector model. The results show that 1) from 1990 to 2018, total ESV in the Ulan Buh Desert increased from 7.00×108 yuan to 11.09×108 yuan. Low-ESV areas accounted for approximately 72.28% of the study area. High-ESV and moderate-high-ESV areas were mainly distributed along the Yellow River and the northeastern region. 2) During the study period, the ecological risk of the Ulan Buh Desert generally decreased; only the ecological risk of the northeastern region improved significantly, and high-risk areas were mainly distributed across sand dunes located in the middle of the desert. 3) There was a negative correlation between ESV and the ERI in the study area, and the main relationship was low value-high risk. 4) Driving force analysis results show that natural and human impact factors jointly affected the spatiotemporal differentiation of ESV and the ERI in the Ulan Buh Desert. Among the influencing factors, the interaction between the distance to a highway and annual precipitation had the strongest impact. The implementation of relevant policies in the study area should be guided by ESV and the ERI, and the protection and restoration of various ecosystems in the study area must be strengthened.

Millennial Evolution of a Karst Socio-Ecological System: A Case Study of Guizhou Province, Southwest China.

The dynamic changes in socio-ecological system (SES) have exerted increasing pressures on the natural environment, leading to observable changes in terrestrial surface structure. Therefore, understanding the historical evolution mechanism of social ecosystems is crucial for the future sustainable management of karst regions. However, detailed quantitative analyses of karst socio-ecological system at a long-term scale are lacking. Here, we applied a comprehensive research framework for the SES of karst region to visually analyze the evolution of karst SES over the past 1000 years in Guizhou Province, defining five evolution stages of the karst SES. Concurrently, we characterized the interactive effects of drivers on karst socio-ecological system during every evolutionary stage, and then assess major influences between these stages. Despite rocky desertification as the main effect of karst SES driven by many indicators, the quantitative analysis indicated that human-dominated land-use change explained the expansion of rocky desertification. Although effective implementation of relevant policies partly compensated for increased environmental pressures, continued structure and function shifts in local ecosystem can challenge progress towards sustainability in karst region. Our findings provide scientific references for managers and policymakers to assist them to identify how environmental issues emerged in karst areas and how they should be addressed.

What Is the Operation Logic of Cultivated Land Protection Policies in China? A Grounded Theory Analysis

Cultivated land protection policies (CLPP) are essential for maintaining social stability, guaranteeing food security, and ensuring sustainable development. However, a mismatch exists between policy performance and the objectives that influence the implementation of CLPP, and the system mechanisms of CLPP must be revealed and explored. Based on the literature review, this paper summarizes the current dilemmas of China’s cultivated land protection at the theoretical level, and preliminarily depicts the external foundation of CLPP in view of China’s topography and spatial distribution of cultivated land. This paper uses CLPP texts as research samples based on grounded theory to construct an analytical framework. The results show that the operation logic of the CLPP is founded on situation–structure–motivation–action–space–outcome. Accordingly, systematic analysis and in-depth understanding of the operation logic of CLPP will help to re-examine the profound relationship between policy text and implementation effect from such perspectives as transnational, trans-regional, and multi-scale. It also helps to reveal the hidden scientific value of spatiotemporal pattern for cultivated land protection, and serve the formulation and implementation of relevant policies in the future. Under the background of the new era of ecological civilization, it is urgent to enhance the operational effectiveness of the CLPP, identifying the focus of policy implementation, and scientifically formulating the CLPP is of great significance to its success.

Energy, emissions, economic analysis of air-source heat pump with radiant heating system in hot-summer and cold-winter zone in China

The energy savings and economic performance study of the air-source heat pump (ASHP) and wall-hanging gas boiler (WGB) heating systems in hot-summer and cold-winter (HSCW) zones of China is beneficial to the development and implementation of relevant policies under the carbon neutrality background. This research presented a comprehensive analysis of the heat load, primary energy consumption, carbon dioxide and other emissions, and running costs of both heating systems in HSCW zones. Theoretical mathematical models of the energy consumption, emission, and economic performance of the ASHP and WGB heating systems were developed. The calculation results showed that the ASHP system consumed 12.3 % less primary energy than the WGB system, emitted 36.9 % more carbon dioxide, and reduced running costs by 26.0 %, where the increase in carbon dioxide emissions was mainly due to the limited heat-to-electricity conversion efficiency of grid systems. The experimental results showed the excellent energy consumption saving and economic benefits of the ASHP system compared to the WGB system, which promoted the applications of ASHP on a larger scale in HSCW zones of China. The comprehensive research results on the energy-saving and carbon dioxide emission performance of ASHP and WGB can contribute to evaluating the necessity of replacing WGB with ASHP and provide references for relevant policy planning in HSCW zones in China. The replacement of WGB with ASHP for spacing heating systems is promising coupled with the power system reformation to reduce carbon dioxide emissions and accomplish China's carbon neutrality target.

Forecast of Energy Consumption and Carbon Emissions in China’s Building Sector to 2060

The goal of reaching the peak of carbon in the construction industry is urgent. However, the research on the feasibility of realizing this goal and the implementation of relevant policies in China is relatively superficial. In view of the historical data of energy consumption and building CO2 emission from 1995 to 2019, this paper establishes a BP neural network model for predicting building CO2 emissions. Moreover, the influencing factors, such as population, GDP, and total construction output, are introduced as the parameters in the model. Through the scenario analysis method explores the practical path to accomplish the peak of building CO2 emissions. When using traditional prediction methods to predict building carbon emissions, the long prediction cycle will increase the possibility of significant errors. Therefore, this paper constructs the calculation model of building carbon emission and forecasts the future carbon emission value through the BP neural network to avoid the error caused by the nonlinear relationship between influencing factors and predicted value. It will effectively predict the feasibility of the carbon peak and the carbon-neutral target set by government, and provide a useful predictive tool for adjusting the new energy structure and formulating related emission reduction policies.

Development and Field-Testing of Proposed Food-Based Dietary Guideline Messages and Images amongst Consumers in Tanzania.

In this paper we report on the development and field-testing of proposed food-based dietary guideline (FBDG) messages among Tanzanian consumers. The messages were tested for cultural appropriateness, consumer understanding, acceptability, and feasibility. In addition, comprehension of the messages was assessed using culturally representative images for low literacy audiences. Focus group discussions were used as method for data collection. Results indicate that the core meaning of the proposed FBDG messages and images were understood and acceptable to the general population. However, participants felt that nutrition education would be required for improved comprehension. Feasibility was affected by some cultural differences, lack of nutrition knowledge, time constraints, and poverty. Suggestions were made for some rewording of certain messages and editing of certain images. It is recommended that the field-tested messages and images, incorporating the suggested changes, should be adopted. Once adopted, the FBDGs can be used to inform and engage various stakeholders, including parents, caregivers, healthcare providers and educators on appropriate nutritional practices for children and adults. They can also be used to guide implementation of relevant policies and programmes to contribute towards the achievement of sustainable healthy diets and healthy dietary patterns.

An Intelligent Prediction for Sports Industry Scale Based on Time Series Algorithm and Deep Learning.

Aiming at some existing issues in the sports industry, the existing model is optimized by deep learning and time series theory based on the relevant algorithm, and the scale of the sports industry is analyzed and predicted by the model. The results show the following: (1) Based on the single-step prediction of time series, MNTS structural algorithm can be used to describe and study the sports industry scale with the single factor, and the correlation fitting degree is high. (2) Curves of different evaluation methods can include parts linear stage and nonlinear stage according to the magnitude of change. (3) Seen from the optimization model in this paper, the proposed method can describe both global and local trends of data. (4) It can be seen from the prediction curve that the overall state of fluctuation indicates that time will have a great impact on the relevant scale of the sports industry. Compared with single-step prediction, the accuracy of multistep prediction is higher, and the multistep prediction model based on time series can well characterize and predict the scale of the sports industry. By using the relevant time algorithm, the sports industry scale can be predicted and analyzed so as to provide theoretical support for the formulation and implementation of relevant policies.