Implementation Of Regional Policy Research Articles

Strategic information leakage with market supervision

Regulatory regime aims to prevent insider information from manipulating market and ensure fair competition among investors. This paper constructs a regulatory model for insider trading in the market and explores how regulatory oversight influences the decision of the insider who voluntarily leaks information to market makers. The conclusion is that regulatory intervention suppresses the insider from exploiting shared information with outsiders, reducing price efficiency. Moreover, an increase of supervision will further encourage the insider to leak more information until the public information is completely released to market makers. Furthermore, when there is an outsider, the insider may choose not to disclose information to market makers, regardless of the implementation of regulatory policies; when there are multiple outsiders in the market and strict regulatory frameworks, the insider is motivated to provide market makers with more precise information. The results provide a theoretical basis for the insider to release information to underwriters in a regulated market.

The Constraints to Effective Implementing of Illegal Logging Prohibition Regulation in Nigeria

Since the adoption of the Non-Legally Binding Authoritative Statement of Principles for Global Consensus on the Management, Conservation and Sustainable Development of all types of Forest at the 1992 Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro, the issue of combating deforestation remains one of the topical issues relating to climate change discussions globally. To combat deforestation, countries go beyond international conventions to institutionalize domestic frameworks to regulate illegal timber logging. However, the implementation of regulatory policies has been ineffective in countries like Nigeria. Situated within this problem, this study identified some domestic constraints affecting the effectiveness of timber logging regulation in Nigeria. To this end, data was collected from respondents using structured questionnaires. The data were analysed using the Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient (PPMC) at a 0.05 level of significance. Constraints identified are corruption, insufficient legal framework, lack of coordination in regulation enforcement, inadequate staff, and the state monopoly of forest ownership.

Модель электорального поведения резидента Арктической зоны РФ на региональных выборах высшего должностного лица (2013–2022 гг.)

Being one of the strategically important regions for the development of the Russian Federation and a variety of aspects of its security, the Arctic represents a platform for defending the country’s national priorities. The nature of the policy pursued in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation determines the status of the state as an Arctic power. Therefore, the aim of the study was to investigate the electoral preferences and to design the electoral model of the residents of the Russian Arctic in the elections of the highest official of the region in the period from 2013 to 2022. By means of multifactor comparative analysis using the clustering methodology, the author managed to determine such variables for the construction of the electoral model of a resident of the Russian Arctic zone as the level of electoral activity, voting for typical and atypical candidates and for the conditionally designated candidate “against all” as a marker of legitimate support for registered candidates and/or protest voting. The study revealed that, unlike the other federal subject’s voters, residents of the Russian Arctic take a more active part in the election of the head of the region, providing electoral support to the candidates of the “United Russia”, although in some cases atypical voting was observed, the percentage of which was insignificant. At the same time, the data obtained show that the number of invalid ballots is higher in the Arctic regions than in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Thus, the constructed model of electoral behavior of the resident of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation in the implementation of regional policy in the region allows taking into account not only quantitative, but also qualitative parameters of electoral preferences of the Arctic residents to predict the results of future elections.

Data and Evidence of Real Clinical Practice: A Comparative Legal Study

The development of technologies collecting and processing large amounts of data for medical purposes, as well as the development of digital tools and the growth of medical information collected by both private and public medical institutions, determine the scientific interest in the problems discussed in this paper. One of the effective tools for collecting such data is data from real clinical practice and evidence of real clinical practice, which make it possible to collect information about the individuals’ health status, safety and effectiveness of medicines and medical devices, as well as other data. At the same time, the conceptual and categorical apparatus necessary for the formation and implementation of regulatory policy in this area started its development relatively recently. An analysis of Russian and foreign legislation and the practice of their application allows us to conclude that this element of sectoral legal regulation is in the initial stage of its formation and is characterized by the use of inconsistent terminology and different approaches to understanding the source and subject matter of such data.

Dynamic Analysis on Carbon Metabolism of the Northern Region of China Under the Background of Carbon Emission Trading Policy

The launch of the national carbon emissions trading market in China is a policy to carry out the Beautiful China initiative and to establish a low-carbon economic development system that promotes carbon emission and waste reduction. In order to detect the carbon metabolic processes of the pilot and nonpilot municipalities or provinces in the northern region of China， the theory of urban carbon metabolism and the methods of input-output analysis and ecological network analysis were introduced and used. The results showed that the direct carbon emissions of Beijing and Tianjin had decreased， but their embodied carbon emissions had increased since 2012. The direct and embodied carbon emissions of the pilot sectors in Beijing and Tianjin had the same trend； specifically， the emissions of the sectors of mining and washing of coal， extraction of petroleum and natural gas， and manufacture of non-metallic mineral products decreased significantly， but the sectors of production and supply of electric power and steam with high carbon emission increased. The same trend of the embodied carbon emission intensities of sectors with that of their embodied carbon emissions verified that the embodied added values were not growing with the promotion of the carbon emission trading market. Subsequently， the embodied carbon emission of the pilot sectors in all the municipalities and provinces of the northern region were all contributed mainly by the emissions embodied by a path length less than 6； therefore， it showed that more attention should be paid to the trade among sectors with a path length less than 6 and reducing their carbon emissions. Furthermore， from 2007 to 2012， products or service trading among sectors mostly concentrated on sectors within one municipality or province， and these products or services had the characteristics of low carbon emission. Since 2012， the integration development of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration and the new regional economic patterns established in the northern region both promoted the trading across provinces and across sectors. This research is based on the background of the carbon emission trading policy and aims to build a methodology to identify the key actors and paths in a metabolic system. This could provide a scientific basis for regional policy implementation and regional long-term sustainable development.

Человеческий капитал региона: ретроспективный анализ концептуальных положений теории

The article substantiates the relevance of the concept of human capital in economic science, taking into account the transformation of economic processes in the planning and implementation of regional policy of sustainable and balanced development of socio-economic systems (within the framework of some strategic and program-target doctrinal documents). The paper retrospectively analyzes the evolution of the formation and development of key concepts (three stages are conditionally distinguished: from inception to modernity), which determined the «hard core» of the theory of human capital within the framework of classical and neoclassical economic theory. Based on the analysis of fundamental and modern research works, the main postulates of the role of human capital in the development of regions were identified and structured. In general, human capital is one of the key factors determining the success of economic development of the region. It represents the accumulated knowledge, skills and abilities possessed by people living in a particular region. This resource is strategically important and affects various spheres of the economy, including production, innovation and competitiveness.

The impact of banking regulatory policies on the expansion of shadow banking business in China

To better examine how shadow banking activities are affected by banking regulation, this paper uses the implementation of new regulatory standards in China's banking sector in 2011 as a quasi-natural experiment to test whether China's banking regulatory policies were effective in curbing shadow banking activities from 2007 to 2019 using data on banks' entrusted loans to measure the size of shadow banking business. The findings of this study are as follows: Firstly, the new regulatory standards had effectively inhibited the development of shadow banking business such as entrusted loans. Mechanism analysis showes that CAR had a significant positive impact on entrusted loans, once the CAR fell, the entrusted loans decreased. Meanwhile, the higher the LIR was, the more shadow banking activities Chinese banks were likely to engage in. Further insight reveales that among banks with larger assets and higher profitability, the impact of the new regulatory policies on shadow banking business was more significant. The results remain robust when the paper also consideres the policies issued in 2017 for shadow banking. The findings of this paper demonstrate the actual effect of China's regulation on shadow banking from a micro perspective and provide a scientific and theoretical basis for the implementation of regulatory policies.

Mapping sugarcane residue burnt areas in smallholder farming systems using machine learning approaches

Satellite remote sensing methods have been proven to quantify the burnt areas resulting from different fire activities reliably. However, they were reported to perform poorly to identify crop residue burnt areas, particularly in smallholder systems due to lack of frequent and high spatial resolution satellite data. In this study, we used Harmonized Landsat Sentinel-2 (HLS) observations and evaluated two machine learning classifiers (i.e., Support Vector Machines (SVM) and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN)) to map sugarcane burnt areas for the 2019–20 season in a smallholder farming region in Thailand.Results showed that both classifiers performed well in identifying the spatial patterns of sugarcane burnt areas in the region. The ANN outperformed SVM at both pixel and regional scales. At pixel level, ANN accuracy was 93.4 % while SVM's best-performing Polynomial kernel accuracy was 82.7 %. The ANN estimated average percent burnt area (51.1 %) in the region was closer to reported value (48.7 %) by Thailand's Office of Cane and Sugar Board (OCSB), compared to the SVM estimate (62.9 %). The total estimated burnt areas by ANN and SVM (315 and 418 thousand ha, respectively) deviated more from OCSB's area (240 thousand ha) compared to percent burnt area. However, area estimates from classifiers had significantly better accuracy than the estimates of MODIS burnt products.Overall, this study demonstrated that HLS observations provided required spectral information to build promising models to map burnt areas in smallholder systems with higher accuracy than global products. Our mapping algorithm using the ANN classifier showed the potential to monitor sugarcane burnt areas reliably, and contribute to the successful implementation of regulatory policies in Thailand.

Bluer Than Blue: Exit from Policy Support for Clean Marine Energy

The amendment or removal of superfluous government support policies is typically difficult, yet in the ever more important debate on low-carbon (i.e., clean) marine energy policy under the international law of climate action, the law of the sea, and international investment protection, there are additional dimensions of legal or economic peril. Coastal states enact policies subsidising clean energy investments, such as offshore wind energy generation, in their exclusive economic zones or continental shelves. Investors are attracted to the prospect that policies granting subsidies for ostensibly new industries are sufficiently durable. Are such subsidy policies salient or stale? In principle, the purpose of regulatory policy is the promotion of social welfare, and hence, there is an optimal incidence, magnitude, and duration of the subsidy, in essence, an ideal strategy for starting, altering, or exiting such policy. We aim to introduce the concept of optimisation to the design and implementation of regulatory policy in this context. Our contribution is to offer three maxims of optimal clean marine energy law and policy: the efficiency and equity of alternative regulatory arrangements; the continuous optimisation of such arrangements; and the recognition of linguistic entanglements in the law. We test these maxims against the case of clean marine energy policy on offshore wind energy generation. One legal implication for international investment protection is that coastal states should establish a policy exit clause in their investment contracts. Our analysis of policy optimisation is generalisable across policies supporting the transition to sustainable energy forms.

REGIONAL POLICY AS A COMPONENT OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION INTERACTION OF LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT BODIES WITH THE PUBLIC: THE EXPERIENCE OF EU COUNTRIES

The article analyzes the features of EU regional policy, especially in relation to the phenomenon of Euroregions, which is unique for the European Union. Structures, processes, functions, and relationships of information and communication interaction of self-government bodies with the public, based on participation paradigm and ecosystems capabilities are outlined. Conceptually, regional development is presented as a process of resolving local and regional problems and contradictions based on communication and interaction between participants and stakeholders. A number of cases of the EU countries’ good practice regarding the formation and implementation of regional policy within the framework of Cohesion Policy are considered.

CURRENT PROBLEMS OF RAPPROCHEMENT OF THE EAST AND WEST OF GERMANY

The paper describes actual problem of socio-economic inequality between the East and West of Germany. We examine the analysis of sociological differences between parts of the country in terms of the results of German unity policies, the introduction of coronavirus restrictions, technological equipment and economic potential. All those issues are considered with key works of German literature of recent years on understanding the contradiction «East-West». It is determined that the ongoing intellectual attempts have not overcome the split in the country. Additionally, we examine the federal government’s concept of a «new look to the East» was explored. The results show that as an independent region, for which the western part of the country does not serve as an indisputable reference point. Most likely, in fact, this approach has shifted the focus from the traditionally important internal chronic shortages of new lands in economic power, labor, infrastructure and technology. This problem is particularly relevant in connection with the lack of representation of people from East Germany in key positions in many areas of society and politics. This explains why its that these issues will be considered in a special concept of the federal government, adopted at the beginning of 2023. The second part of the state's efforts is related to changes in approaches to the implementation of regional policy in the country and financing of measures to improve the economic structures of the regions. The author concludes that they are synchronized with the tasks of ensuring energy security and accelerating the transformation at oil refineries and ports in eastern Germany after the cessation of oil and gas supplies from Russia. In this regard, we consider that the continuation of the polycrisis in the country makes a decisive contribution to the growing disillusionment of East Germans in politics. On the example of this analyses, we obtained that they do not reject democracy as such, but are much more critical of political actions than the population of the western part of Germany.

Marketing of regions as an instrument of regional economic policy strategy

Aim. To form a methodical approach that provides an opportunity to make more complete, concentrated and targeted work in the strategic directions of marketing of territories as the ba­sis of the activities of regional authorities to increase the attractiveness of the regions. Tasks. To identify the strategic directions of increasing the attractiveness of the region; to de­termine the factors of assessment, growth of efficiency and information promotion of the direc­tion related to increasing the attractiveness of the region; to make a detailed description of the factors that should be considered in the marketing work in the regions. Methods. The construction of the methodological approach for the assessment and implementa­tion of strategic directions to improve the socio-economic attractiveness of regions is based on the provisions of the systematic approach and multifactor analysis. Results. Within the framework of the approach outlined in the article, the following elements of regional strategic plans have been developed in order to increase the socio-economic attrac­tiveness of the regions: increasing the competitiveness of the regional product, attracting in­vestment (formation of a favorable investment climate), creating favorable and comfortable conditions for temporary stay. The implementation of evaluation, improvement of efficiency and information promotion of the regions in these directions will make it possible to create a disposable territorial image for external economic agents in relation to the region (for exam­ple, investors, newcomers). Conclusions. The presented methodical approach allows to form the basis for marketing activities for the development of strategic directions of growth of the level of socio-econom­ic attractiveness of the regions. The marketing of the regions acts as an integral part of their strategies, providing the solution of regional tasks for the formation of an attractive image, which leads to the need to take into account the given blocks and factors in the implemen­tation of regional strategic planning. The prospect of the study can be the development of methods to assess the implementation of regional policy in the sphere of marketing of territories.

Conceptual foundations for improving ecological and economic mechanisms for development of rural territorial communities

This article is devoted to the conceptual framework for improving environmental and economic mechanisms for development of rural territorial communities, the development of which is an urgent task in the context of constant changes in society and economy. The problem of the interrelation between economic development and environmental protection, as well as the issues of agricultural development and land use are considered. Rural territorial communities are key elements of the agricultural sector and country’s economy as a whole. Their development and effective management of resources require the application of conceptual foundations for the improvement of ecological and economic mechanisms. The article discusses the main approaches to the formation of environmental and economic mechanisms, including the conservation of natural resources, reduction of environmental impact and stimulation of the development of innovative technologies in land use. In particular, the role of innovations in preserving natural resources and reducing environmental impact is discussed, as well as the importance of creating incentives for the development of such technologies in rural communities. The article suggests ways to improve the efficiency of rural management and the development of local self-government. It emphasizes the need to increase the role of civil society in the decision-making process on rural development. In addition, the article addresses the issue of decentralization of rural management and the development of mechanisms that ensure balanced development of the territory and preserve natural resources. The paper identifies the need to develop an effective economic mechanism to support the development of rural communities. This involves the implementation of regulatory policies that stimulate the development of the agricultural sector and support rural communities. It is also important to provide adequate infrastructure for the development of agriculture and local businesses, including transportation, electricity, and Internet connections.

Assessment of the Climate Impact on the Economic Variables of Monetary Policy: Regional Approach

Introduction. The relevance of quantitative analysis of the impact of climate variables on macroeconomic indicators of monetary policy according to Russian data in the regional aspect is due to the absence of such research. The purpose of the article is to perform a quantitative assessment of the climate change impact on key macroeconomic variables of monetary policy on panel data by Russian regions. Materials and Methods. Russian regions were the subject of the study. For calculations, the authors have formed the information base for 79 regions of the Russian Federation from 2000 to 2020 according to Rosstat. The applied methodology is based on the author’s approach, combining the use of factor analysis by region at fixed year and econometric modeling using integral factors obtained at the previous stage on the panel data by region. Econometric analysis was performed using a generalized method of moments and a two-stage systematic generalized method of moments. Results. The significant impact of climate change on key macroeconomic variables controlled in the development and implementation of monetary policy measures – gross regional product and consumer price index – has been identified empirically. The research was based on econometric modeling. Discussion and Conclusion. Objective climate change taking place in the Russian regions may adversely affect the economic situation, which requires intensification of implementation and development of measures aimed at improving the environmental situation: reduction of CO2 emissions, development and use of forest-saving technologies, etc. It is proposed to consider the climate situation in the implementation of monetary policy. The results of the research will be useful both in the development and implementation of regional policy, and for specialists, civil servants who plan to improve the territorial structure of the economic space of Russia in the long term.

The influence of the border position of the Russian-Ukrainian border regions on their regional development

Subject. The article considers problems of international trade and geopolitical rivalry in the modern world. Objectives. The purpose is to assess the economic development of regions of the Russian Federation bordering Ukraine. Methods. The study employs methods of synthesis, analysis, and generalization. Results. I made calculations and interpreted various indicators of economic development of border regions of the Russian Federation, having a common border with Ukraine, calculated the Grubel-Lloyd index for major commodity groups for a number of border areas. The paper shows that after the political crisis of 2014, there was a reorientation of foreign economic relations in most Russian regions bordering Ukraine, and the barrier function of the border began to dominate over the contact one. Conclusions. To increase the effectiveness of the participation of border regions in foreign trade of the Russian Federation, it is crucial to apply a differentiated approach to regional policy implementation.

International cooperation in the transport and logistics sector within the EAEU as a factor in the implementation of the strategy of sustainable development of the Eurasian region

The article examines the process of integration of transport and logistics ecosystems within the framework of implementing the goals of the EAEU, its main trends and tasks, as well as the change in the paradigm of cooperation development under the influence of the current geopolitical situation. Improvement, harmonization and unification of the effective legal and regulatory framework is the central task for the implementation of regional policy in the Eurasian region. Its implementation is necessary to create a single legal, digital, infrastructural transport and logistics space, ensuring the growth of both the national economies of the EAEU member states and the synergistic effects of integration processes and the cohesion of economic and transport systems. It appears that the implementation of digital initiatives is necessary to create an ecosystem of seamless transstate logistics interaction.

Система регионально-адаптированных индикаторов для целей устойчивой интенсификации орошаемого земледелия

Purpose: to develop and substantiate a system of regionally adapted indicators reflecting geospatial patterns, relationships and vulnerabilities of the irrigated farming systems functioning, for its sustainable intensification. Materials and methods. The study was carried out on the basis of a systematic approach using the principal component method, rating and scoring methods, cluster analysis, proportional costs method, and estimation scales. The database for calculations was formed on the basis of data from federal and regional institutions of the Russian Federation, the portal of the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Irrigation and Agricultural Water Supply Systems “Raduga”, enterprises and administrations of municipal districts of Western Siberia. Results. A system of regionally adapted geospatial indicators for sustainable intensification of irrigated agriculture, which includes two blocks: structural-functional and geoecological, has been developed. The principles for selecting indicators adapted to the regional scale and tested at the macro-regional, landscape-provincial, basin and district territorial levels of Western Siberia are substantiated. The structural-functional block includes 45 indicators reflecting both the main driving forces, factors and vulnerabilities of the irrigated farming systems functioning, as well as the processes of their cause-and-effect relationships with higher-order systems, which contributes to the study of regularities of spatio-temporal differentiation and identifying areas of interest. The geoecological block combines 40 indicators that help assessing and planning the development of irrigated agriculture, taking into account the geoecological limitations. Conclusions: the proposed system of regionally adapted indicators is an effective tool strategic decision support for the implementation of regional policies of sustainable intensification of irrigated agriculture.

СУЩНОСТЬ РЕГИОНАЛЬНОЙ ПРОМЫШЛЕННОЙ ПОЛИТИКИ: ИННОВАЦИОННЫЕ АСПЕКТЫ

The author emphasizes the need to revise the concept of regional industrial policy during the transition period to the innovative stage of economic development. Analyzing the different scientific approaches to the theoretical foundation of this policy demonstrated its value in ajudent combination of innovative ideas with effective management decisions, and in injecting a reasonable degree of conservatism into the process of change. The article examines the essence of industrial policy and suggests interpreting it through the lens of harmonious interaction between economic entities at all levels of the socio-economic system, from the macro to the nano level. The emphasis on regional policy is on consistency, strategic focus, selective approach to determining content and selection of policy instruments, as well as the unification of industrial, innovation, investment and social policies. A strong emphasis is being placed on maintaining a balance between the interests of the state and other parties involved in the political process, while also providing systematic monitoring of the processes and results of the implementation of regional policy.

ФОРМУВАННЯ СУЧАСНОЇ ПАРАДИГМИ ПУБЛІЧНОГО УПРАВЛІННЯ В УМОВАХ ГЛОБАЛІЗАЦІЇ ТА ДЕЦЕНТРАЛІЗАЦІЇ

The article examines the functioning of mechanisms of state management of sustainable development of regions (MSU of the SRR). The purpose of the study is the theoretical and methodological substantiation of the MSU of the SRR and the development of practical recommendations for their improvement in the conditions of globalization. A systematic study of the formation of the conceptual foundations of the improvement of state management mechanisms for the sustainable development of regions in the conditions of globalization was carried out. On this basis, the principles of development and operation of a complex mechanism of state administration at the regional level are systematized, which characterizes the level of the ability of the public administration system not only to function in the conditions of social transformations, but also to introduce innovative forms and methods of activity at the level of administrative-territorial units. It was established that the strategic direction of institutional changes in the system of public administration in Ukraine is the transformation of the existing model of territorial administration, the introduction of the principles of decentralization and subsidiarity, the implementation of positive foreign experience of regional administration. It is proved that the existing theories of regional development belong to the integrated scientific direction, which combines economic, social, cultural, ecological and other spheres of functioning of regions in order to form a system of ideas about the regularities of their development and functioning. Based on the methodology of the theory of regional development, it is possible to: 1) identify regional development trends; 2) develop models and mechanisms of regional development; 3) predict the results of the implementation of sectoral and local reforms; 4) develop algorithms for the implementation of system reforms based on foreign experience and the principles of «Good governance». Conceptual approaches to the adoption and implementation of regional development strategies are proposed. It was established that the state, as the bearer of national interests and constitutional guarantees, must ensure continuity in the creation and constant improvement of conceptual foundations, institutional mechanisms for the implementation of regional policy, and the implementation of specific local projects and programs. The content of the modern concept of sustainable development in the system of public management, which, while preserving the established constructive features, is determined and essentially changes in the organizational-legal, institutional and administrative-political sense is substantiated. The dichotomous relationship between the processes of regionalization, globalization, and decentralization is proven. the conceptual-categorical apparatus of the science of public administration, in particular in the part of clarifying the content of the concepts «mechanisms of public administration of sustainable development of regions», «state administration of regional development», «sustainable development of regions», developed taking into account the European experience of rationalization of regional policy.

Перспективные инструменты достижения целей региональной экономической политики

The article studies the main objectives of the national regional policy implementation with regard to modern realities. Goals and instruments that are able to achieve them become the subject for adjustment in accordance with changes in the external environment, trends in technology development, results of scientific and technological progress. New opportunities arise with the time, they bring more efficient and less resource-intensive solutions for the set goals and their corresponding tasks. All innovations should undergo additional analysis for their compliance with the interests of society and contribute to improving the lives of the population. The instruments for achieving goals are studied from the perspective of current trends in development of information technologies. The main instruments for implementing the goals of the regional economy are highlighted, special attention is paid to exploring solutions that are most promising in conditions of digitalization. Improvement of the instruments used for regional economy regulation contributes to the expansion of opportunities for economic growth of the region, increasing the level of manageability of economic systems, increasing the quality of life of the population, contributes to accelerating the pace of socio-economic development of the region. The actualization of methods for achieving the goals of the regional economy with regard to the modern results in scientific and technological progress, contributes to intensification in socio-economic development of the region, expands possibilities for influencing the factors that accelerate such development. Special attention is paid in the article to the study of the most efficient usage of the region’s resources.