Abstract
The article substantiates the relevance of the concept of human capital in economic science, taking into account the transformation of economic processes in the planning and implementation of regional policy of sustainable and balanced development of socio-economic systems (within the framework of some strategic and program-target doctrinal documents). The paper retrospectively analyzes the evolution of the formation and development of key concepts (three stages are conditionally distinguished: from inception to modernity), which determined the «hard core» of the theory of human capital within the framework of classical and neoclassical economic theory. Based on the analysis of fundamental and modern research works, the main postulates of the role of human capital in the development of regions were identified and structured. In general, human capital is one of the key factors determining the success of economic development of the region. It represents the accumulated knowledge, skills and abilities possessed by people living in a particular region. This resource is strategically important and affects various spheres of the economy, including production, innovation and competitiveness.
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