Implementation Of Regional Policy Research Articles

Foreign European Countries: Development of the Service Sector according to the Composite Purchasing Managers’ Index

Introduction. Foreign European countries, dominating in the modern world economy, show signs of heterogeneity of development, especially in the tertiary sector of the economy. The purpose of the study is to perform a systematic and structural analysis of the development of the countries according to the Purchasing Managers’ Index in the service sector and to identify factors affecting the changes in this index. Materials and Methods. Statistical data from open sources were used as materials. The study employed such methods as the systemic and structural analysis (understanding the Index and its composite nature, the typology of foreign European countries), the spatial analysis of business activity in the service sector (differentiation of countries), and the structural and functional approach (factors that influence the changes in the Purchasing Managers’ Index). Results. The Purchasing Managers’ Index in the service sector has been analyzed. The methodology for calculation of the Index has been described; its strengths and weaknesses, as well as its impact on the economy have been assessed. A typology of foreign European countries has been created according to the leading macroeconomic indicator – the composite Purchasing Managers’ Index. This made it possible to draw a parallel with the socio-economic development of the countries of the studied region in terms of the ‘center-periphery’ model. The internal and external factors in the development of business activities in the service sector of national economies have been identified. Discussion and Conclusion. The development of the service sector has been studied at the level of foreign European countries. The composite Purchasing Managers’ Index has been considered as an indicator of the development over time. The authors have been able to expose the issues of studying the tertiary sector of the economy as one of the relevant areas of macro-regional research. The territorial differentiation of the countries according to their business activity in the service sector has been revealed, which can be used in projected estimates in the field of management and implementation of regional policies. The proposed approach to the study of the service sector can be applied at country and regional levels.

PREREQUISITES, PRINCIPLES AND INSTRUMENTS FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF REGIONAL POLICY: EU EXPERIENCE

implementation of regional policy of Ukraine to ensure sustainable development. The factors that form the processes of accelerated development of EU regions, namely: geopolitical, political, managerial, economic, infrastructural, social, cultural and informational ones, are determined. These factors form the uniqueness of EU development, and in combination with targeted regulatory influence, the uniqueness of socialization processes, systemic attitude to changeі, accelerated formation of the information economy provide a breakthrough nature of most reforms, the success of key projects. The principles and preconditions that determine and ensure the effectiveness of the implementation of EU regional policy are studied. Macroeconomic and microeconomic instruments of regional policy are determined, on the basis of which the directions of EU regional policy are developed. The use of macroeconomic instruments to solve regional problems is limited by other goals, in particular, keeping inflation at the desired level, the stability of the balance of payments, as a result of the goals of industrial or agricultural policy. The main purpose of microeconomic instruments is to restore balance in regional labor and capital markets. The following problems of integration of the processes in Ukraine in the world economic space are revealed: uncertainty of groups of regions that will be recognized at the state level as depressive ones; lack of official clusters at the level of cooperation with large enterprises; low level of trust in the government, uncertainty of positive experience of effective cooperation at the level of target projects; low management culture in matters of collective cooperation in the paradigm of relations power – population – business; imperfection of information support of integration processes. The stages of integration processes taking place in the economy of Ukrainian regions and corresponding to European integration standards are given. It is determined that economic integration is a constructive stage in the development of the economy of the region, the country, because without the formation of a regional cluster policy based on the balance of economic interests, its further development becomes impossible. In addition, integration at the regional level allows for the formation of powerful clusters that can produce competitive products and promote them in both domestic and foreign markets.

Pengakuan dan Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Eksistensi Pemerintahan Adat

The existence of Customary Law Communities in Indonesia, including Customary Law Communities in the State of Eti, West Seram Regency is a fact in the life of the nation and the State in the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia. The existence of the Customary Law Community, including its Customary Government system, should also receive legal recognition and protection in accordance with constitutional recognition as regulated in the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia Article 18B Paragraph (2). The results of the research show that although the existence of constitutional communities has been recognized constitutionally by the State, the implementation of regional policies related to the recognition and protection of indigenous peoples including their customary government has not been recognized in regional regulations that contain such recognition.

Review of the Book “Mechanisms for Implementation of Regional Policy: Evaluation of Efficiency and Improvement Directions” Edited by Svitlana Shults, IRD Nanu, Lviv 2018, P. 205

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Summer sea ice melt and wastewater are important local sources of microlitter to Svalbard waters

Human activities leave traces of marine litter around the globe. The Arctic is, despite its remoteness, emerging as an area of no exception to this environmental issue. Arctic sea ice has previously been found to constitute a temporal sink of microplastics, but the potential release and subsequent fate of microplastics in the marine environment are yet unknown. Furthermore, the relative importance of local sources of microplastics in the Arctic marine environment is under discussion. In this study, the concentration and distribution of anthropogenic microparticles (AMPs, <5 mm, including microplastics) have been investigated in marine waters and sea ice of Svalbard. Seawater samples throughout the water column and floating sea ice samples were collected along a transect originating in Rijpfjorden, reaching northwards to the sea ice-edge. Seawater samples were also collected along a transect extending westwards from head to mouth of Kongsfjorden. Samples were collected throughout the water column with stations positioned to enable detection of potential AMP emissions from the wastewater outlet in Ny-Ålesund. Along both transects, environmental parameters were measured to explore potential correlations with AMP distribution. High concentrations of AMPs were detected in sea ice (158 ± 155 AMPs L−1). Based on both AMP concentrations and characteristics, AMPs identified in seawater of the marginal ice zone are to a large extent likely released during the melting of sea ice. The release of AMPs during summer melting of sea ice was concomitantly taking place with the ice-edge bloom, suggesting increased bioavailability to Arctic marine biota. Concentrations of AMPs were up to an order of magnitude higher in Kongsfjorden (up to 48.0 AMPs L−1) than in Rijpfjorden (up to 7.4 AMPs L−1). The distribution and composition of AMPs in Kongsfjorden suggest the wastewater outlet in Ny-Ålesund to be a likely source. Our results emphasize the importance of local point- and diffuse sources of AMPs in the Arctic and stress the urgency of considering their associated environmental impact. Implementation of regulatory policy is of importance, particularly since human activities and environmental pressures are increasing in the Arctic.

Strategic planning for socio-economic development of communities as a tool of regional policy implementation

At present, considerable attention is being paid to substantiating and deepening the conceptual framework for the implementation of public regional development policy. The modernization of the public administration system entails redistribution of tasks, powers and resources at the central, regional and local levels, which will promote efficient cooperation between regions and communities, increase initiative and responsibility of public authorities in the region. &#x0D; In this context, the necessity and importance of strategic planning becomes of high priority, which is stipulated by the possibility of using it as an efficient tool for coordination and cooperation of governmental institutions, business structures and civic organizations, optimal use of available territorial resources. &#x0D; Strategic planning is an integrating force that organizes and directs the process of developing strategic goals and creates the basis for the distribution of resources at the level of regional authorities [1, с.221].&#x0D; At the regional level, public policy is implemented by selecting priorities and substantiating the strategy for the development of long-term and current forecasts of the socio-economic development of the region; forming a regional budget; coordinating the work of local authorities in resolving interregional issues; ensuring environmental protection and rational nature use; equalizing the living standards of the population of administrative territorial units of the region; creating highly developed social infrastructure; developing and managing recreational economy; regulating the energy consumption in the territory; encouraging foreign investment and etc. &#x0D; The formation and implementation of public regional policy is based on an integral approach, which involves a combination of the following components: sectoral – increasing the level of competitiveness of regions by optimizing and diversifying the structure of the economy, ensuring effective specialization of regions with the prioritized use of the own resource potential; territorial (spatial) – achieving even and balanced development of territories, developing interregional cooperation, preventing intensification of socio-economic disproportions by forming “growth poles”, activating local economic initiatives and strengthening rural potential, ensuring the socio-economic unity and evenness of regional development in order to create equal conditions for human development; managerial – applying single approaches to forming and implementing regional development policy, creating a single system of strategic planning and forecasting of the development of the State and regions, optimizing the system of territorial organization of power [2, с.11].

Світовий досвід державної підтримки в системі публічного управління розвитком територіальних громад

Achieving sustainable development of the countries against the background of overcoming the problems and backwardness of some territories, reducing the disproportion of socio-economic indicators, creating conditions for the development of competitive economic environment, and achieving a high standard of living form the main directions of regional policy in many countries, including the European Union. Detailed study of the experience in the formation and implementation of regional policy, the positive examples and trends of some countries and, in particular, EU member states, that have achieved economic growth and improved the welfare of their residents, are relevant for the development of modern Ukraine and its regions during the ongoing European integration processes, socio-economic changes and the formation of Ukraine’s own national regional policy. Analysis of the uneven development of territories and the identification of the main characteristics of this asymmetry allow not only to determine the current state of disproportion in regional development potentials, but also to assess the regional policy directions aimed at eliminating the disproportion. European integration direction in Ukraine’s policy confirms the relevance of a comprehensive study of the regional policy experience in the world and the EU, in particular, especially that of the best practices of Central and Eastern Europe, the latter demonstrating stable positive changes in socio-economic development. This experience could be useful for Ukraine to form and implement its own regional policy principles of organizing regional and local development management and building up local self-government.

Komparativna analiza regionalne efikasnosti u Srbiji - DEA pristup

The main aim of the paper is to offer a statistical identification of differences in efficiency between Serbian regions. The regional resources covered by the analysis are presented in the form of infrastructure, investment in new fixed assets and employment levels. For the researching purpose, data envelopment method (DEA) is used as a major component in identifying regions that use their resources effectively. This approach of mathematical programming optimization tends to evaluate the efficiency of the analyzed regional spatial aspects. Moreover, studying regional differences and generally spatial efficiency creates a significant basis for mapping key problems of regional development in Serbia and provides important guidelines for the creation and implementation of regional policies.

СПІВВІДНОШЕННЯ ПОНЯТЬ «ДЕРЖАВНИЙ» ТА «ПУБЛІЧНИЙ» У СФЕРІ РЕГУЛЯТОРНОЇ ПОЛІТИКИ: АКТУАЛІЗАЦІЯ ПОНЯТІЙНО-ТЕРМІНОЛОГІЧНОГО АПАРАТУ

The article deals with the problems of actualization of the conceptual and terminological apparatus in the sphere of regulatory policy. It is stated that the legislative and regulatory framework gives broad rights in the formation and implementation of regulatory policy to both authorities and local self-government bodies at different levels (public administration bodies), as well as to business entities, their associations, and scientific institutions. To form an effective regulatory policy should also have an appropriate terminology, which would allow to clearly identify the processes and involved in these actors. The analysis of the concepts of “mechanisms of administration” and “mechanisms of regulation” was carried out, in which it was determined that regulation is a function of government. Particular attention is paid to the study of the relation between the concepts of state and public in the field of regulatory policy. It is noted that under current conditions, policy is formed not only by government bodies and their institutions, but also by civil society or business structures or their associations. Therefore, with the involvement of institutions in the process of forming policies, these policies are transformed into ones. In doing so, the establishes general rules for policy making. The author’s definitions of new terms pertaining to the sphere of regulatory policy are formulated: regulatory policy, subject of regulatory policy, object of regulatory policy. The involvement of horizontal links in the structure of regulatory policy (the horizontal component of the process of its formation and implementation) means involving not only actors in a particular sphere of regulation or level of government, but also institutions from outside the direct vertical of governance. Thus, the regulatory policies may include not only the decisions governing economic relations, but also solutions that directly or indirectly affect the social and economic relations. This interpretation allows regulatory policy to be a full- fledged component of policy as a whole and to ensure a steady increase in social and economic standards, reduce social tensions in society, ensure a fair distribution of goods, etc.

Monitoring of a region’s competitiveness as a mechanism of a state regional policy implementation

The latest trends in the analysis of socio-economic development, as opposed to taking into account the globalization processes impact, put more emphasis on the trends of regionalization at the interstate level. The understanding of the fact that not only states and enterprises but also individual regions are competing makes it possible to realize clearly the ultimate goal of the overall transformation of large economic systems which are designed to form, on the one hand, the most organic conditions for the development of individual regions and territories, and on the other, to take into account the prospects of regions’ involvement in the state regional policy implementation based on the results of their competitiveness monitoring. The article aims to formulate the essence of competitiveness monitoring by measuring and systematizing the author’s approaches to the interpretation of this term and assessment of information level and regulatory support for regions’ competitiveness monitoring in practice. The article systematizes information and regulatory support for monitoring competitiveness in Ukraine. The approaches to monitoring the competitiveness of regions and its functions are grouped; the features of problem-oriented monitoring of competitiveness are considered; a system for monitoring the implementation of state regional policy and its components is outlined; the principles of monitoring the competitiveness of the region are determined. The conclusion is made about the dynamism and changeability of the regional competitiveness phenomenon under the influence of factors of the changing development environment. It, in turn, makes it necessary to clarify the list of indicators that are determined in the process of the regions’ competitiveness monitoring, the systematic nature of the monitoring itself, and further consideration of its results in the state regional policy implementation.

Aspects of the Development of Lithuanian Economic Specialisation in the Context of Globalization

Aspects of the Development of Lithuanian Economic Specialisation in the Context of Globalization

Regional development as a stimulator of competitiveness of the Polish economy

The author summarizes the implementation of regional policy 15 years after Poland’s accession to the EU as revealed in the official data coming from Polish regions, the Ministry of Investment and Development, the European documents and his own expert experience. Not only does he indicate the legitimacy of the adopted directions of intervention, but also he analyses the examples of misuse of EU funds. The latter cases, according to the author, are often associated with local politics, when investment decisions are based on current electoral calculations, and not long-term development strategy. The recommendations propose a change of the hitherto dominant compensatory model of the implementation of European funds to a modernisation model using knowledge as the main development component. This is also related to the need for a broader involvement of the academic community in regional policy.&#x0D;

Analysis of the Social Welfare Effect of Environmental Regulation Policy Based on a Market Structure Perspective and Consumer

With the implementation of regulatory policies, some new problems are emerging, such as uneven governance effects, large differences in economic growth, and social welfare inequalities. In order to promote the sustainable development of both the economy and the environment, it is necessary to provide theoretical explanations for the above phenomena. Thus, this paper constructs a theoretical model of social welfare effects based on the Cournot model. Additionally, the scenario analysis method is used to analyze the social welfare effects of environmental control policies from the perspective of market structure and consumer preferences. The findings of the scenario analysis are as follows: (1) the social welfare effect of environmental subsidy policy is greater than the social welfare effect of environmental tax policy when the absolute difference between the external value of environmentally friendly goods and non-environmental goods is less than 7.4 units and (2) the implementation of environmental subsidy policies or environmental tax policies will improve social welfare when the market structure is a completely competitive market and when both of the externalities of environmentally friendly commodities and non-environmental commodities are not the same at intervals (0, 0.335) and (−0.335, 0). We conclude that (1) the government should consider externalities, market powers, and consumer preferences when implementing environmental regulation policies and (2) the government can achieve a trend toward the development of environmentally friendly goods by guiding consumer preferences and harnessing market power.

Entrepreneurial Activity as an Important Factor in the Development of the "Green" Economy

Organic production as a global trend in progressive socio-economic development and the guarantor of the food and environmental security of countries and regions is becoming an attractive field for entrepreneurs. However, in Russia, only a few entrepreneurs currently consider organic production as the main type of business. The article analyses the factors that favour and impede the development of entrepreneurship in the field of organic agriculture and substantiates the basic mechanisms to encourage entrepreneurship in organic production. The results of the analysis can be used in the development and implementation of regulatory policies on entrepreneurial activity in organic agriculture. The purpose of this study is to substantiate the mechanisms of entrepreneurial activity and the organizational and economic prerequisites for the development of organic agriculture in Russia. The basic objectives include the development of mechanisms to stimulate entrepreneurial activity in the organic production sector, as well as the socio-economic assessment of the effectiveness of organic agriculture in the context of the formation and development of a "green" economy.

Diversion, Misuse and Abuse of Prescription Drugs in Upper-Middle-Income Countries: Narrative Literature Review

Globally, the diversion, misuse, and abuse of prescription drugs is a growing public health problem. This narrative review focused on factors influencing this problem in Upper-Middle-Income Countries. The literature reports that factors related to health systems and health providers such as retail pressure, insufficient consultation time, lack of screening tools, ineffective monitoring and surveillance systems, poor implementation of regulatory policies, lack of strict enforcement of prescribing policies as well as lack of specialized training perpetuate the problem. Evidence suggests that consumers with lack of appropriate knowledge about medication use, lack of awareness regarding potential risks, and poor attitude toward medication usage were more likely to engage into drug diversion and misuse. Based on a critical reflection of the literature, we propose a framework that outlines interventions needed to halt factors influencing drug diversion, misuse and abuse through a collaborative approach that will enable behavioural change and reduce the risk of harmful health outcomes.

Parliamentary arbitrage and the case for regulatory policy in parliament

ABSTRACTThis article argues for the implementation of regulatory policy in parliaments. Regulatory policy is a managerial approach to regulation that is implemented in governments worldwide. Its proponents advocate the use of such tools as regulatory impact assessments (RIA) and urge evidence-based decision-making and procedural constraints for policymaking. This approach has so far been focused on the government, the executive branch, while it neglected parliaments. Thus, the application of regulatory policy in and by parliaments has been partial, at best. We claim that the absence of regulatory policy from parliament has adverse effects on the ability of parliaments to adhere to their democratic commitments. It also undermines the goals of the regulatory policy approach, and in unintended and unacknowledged ways, affects the coproduction of primary and secondary legislation. The article shows that a 'regulatory policy deficit' of parliament may result in unorthodox lawmaking and rulemaking, which we call parliamentary arbitrage, that is, a strategic behaviour that bypasses regulatory policy processes and standards, undermining the regulatory policy approach. In addition, this deficit aggravates existing asymmetries between governments and parliaments in policymaking, constraining the ability of parliament to fulfil its democratic functions: legislation, oversight of government, and public participation in democratic processes. The article concludes by surveying some of the existing regulatory policy tools and explains how their implementation in parliament can help confront some of the above-mentioned problems.

The gains of coordination - When does regional cooperation for food security make sense?

With the onset of the global food crisis, the discussion about the use and misuse of agricultural market interventions regained academic attention. As a result of economies of scale, centralized policy implementation at the regional level has the potential to reduce the budgetary costs of policies. Borrowing from the literature on international unions and international policy coordination, we develop a conceptual framework to analyze when regional policy implementation makes sense. This is the case whenever spill-overs from centralization are large and policy preferences, driven by country-specific characteristics, are homogeneous. Subsequently, we examine the advantageousness of centralized policy implementation for the West African region regarding the most common food security policies. We show that centralization of trade policies and emergency food reserves is beneficial, while buffer stocks, safety net policies, and producer support policies should be implemented at the national level.

Dichotomy of Declarative and Real Regional Politics in Modern Russia

The main subject of consideration in this article is the problem of regional policy implementation in modern Russia, which is studied on the example of the Russian Far East. The Russian experience of regional politics clearly traces the dichotomy of declarative and real regional politics. The dualism of declarative goals reflected in the public documents of regional policy and real goals naturally leads to the discrepancy between the planned and real results of regional policy. The causes and results of this phenomenon are analyzed in this article. The authors proceed from the fact that there may exist a course hidden from the public, which is not formalized in public documents and does not directly correlate with the acute problems of peripheral region development in any country actively pursuing regional policy. This approach can be applied to any large country where there is a noticeable difference between the goals and results of regional policy.

Dichotomy of Declarative and Real Regional Politics in Modern Russia

The main subject of consideration in this article is the problem of regional policy implementation in modern Russia, which is studied on the example of the Russian Far East. The Russian experience of regional politics clearly traces the dichotomy of declarative and real regional politics. The dualism of declarative goals reflected in the public documents of regional policy and real goals naturally leads to the discrepancy between the planned and real results of regional policy. The causes and results of this phenomenon are analyzed in this article. The authors proceed from the fact that there may exist a course hidden from the public, which is not formalized in public documents and does not directly correlate with the acute problems of peripheral region development in any country actively pursuing regional policy. This approach can be applied to any large country where there is a noticeable difference between the goals and results of regional policy.

Результативність реалізації регіональної політики сталого розвитку – соціально-економічний стан Миколаївської області

Результативність реалізації регіональної політики сталого розвитку – соціально-економічний стан Миколаївської області