Implementation Of Public Programs Research Articles

Examining the factors contributing to a reduction in hardship financing among inpatient households in India

In India, the rising double burden of diseases and the low fiscal capacity of the government forces people to resort to hardship financing. This study aimed to examine the factors contributing to the reduction in hardship financing among inpatient households in India. The study relies on two rounds of National Sample Surveys with a sample of 34,478 households from the 71st round (2014) and 56,681 households from the 75th round (2018). We employed multivariable logistic regression and multivariate decomposition analyses to explore the factors associated with hardship financing in Indian households with hospitalized member(s) and assess the contributing factors to the reduction in hardship financing between 2014 and 2018. Notably, though hardship financing for inpatient households has decreased between 2014 and 2018, households with catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) had higher odds of hardship financing than those without CHE. While factors such as CHE, prolonged hospitalization, and private hospitals had impoverishing effects on hardship financing in 2014 and 2018, the decomposition model showed the potential of CHE (32%), length of hospitalization (32%), and private hospitals (24%) to slow down this negative impact over time. The findings showed the potential for further improvements in financial health protection for inpatient care over time, and underscore the need for continuing efforts to strengthen the implementation of public programs and schemes in India such as Ayushman Bharat Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (PMJAY).

Management Capacity : interorganizational coordination for federal public program implementation in Brazil

The text introduces the theme of management capacity for policy implementation. The article, first published in June 2016, examines the inter-organizational coordination adopted by social programs in Brazilian federal government agencies. Based on data from previous years, the author discusses alternatives for inter-organizational coordination to strengthen implementation capacity.

An analysis of tools to assess the effectiveness of government development programmes at the meso-level

Subject. This article analyzes the effectiveness of government-sponsored schemes. Objectives. The article aims to analyze the use of tools to assess the effectiveness of public programmes in the management of regional development and assess the preference for the use of certain analytical tools. Methods. For the study, I used a comparative analysis, and the systems, logical and structural, and descriptive approaches. Results. The article classifies the prerequisites for monitoring the implementation of public programmes, performs a content analysis of methodological approaches to assessing the effectiveness of State (regional) programmes, and presents an interpretation of the results of their comparison. Conclusions. A comprehensive assessment of the quality of programme implementation management should correspond to the development goals of the modern management paradigm; when evaluating the effectiveness and efficiency of programme implementation, it is necessary to take into account the individual nature of meso-economic systems. Adjusting the trajectory of programme implementation involves taking into account the principle of derivation when making preventive decisions at different levels of the management hierarchy.

Los cuidados a la dependencia en un nuevo horizonte constitucional para Chile

Analiza el diseño e implementación de las políticas de cuidado a la dependencia, con una perspectiva desde la experiencia internacional, para el análisis de la situación nacional

Non-agricultural activities as a measure of revitalisation of rural areas

A latest vision of the development of rural areas should include an increase of productive capacities of the agrarian sector in conjunction with the development of non-agricultural activities through the revitalisation of local entrepreneurship. In the process of stabilisation of the situation in agricultural industry, the priority of raw material sectors will be reduced in relative terms to tip the balance in favour of processing operations and the provision of services, including tourism. This poses new challenges to rural residents, local authorities, non-governmental organisations, and education and science professionals to revitalise economic activities in rural areas. The observations made and surveys conducted by the author are an attempt to make a case for the importance of diversification of the operations of business entities in rural areas with reference to international experience. Research has made it possible to identify both objective and subjective factors that prevent the revitalisation of entrepreneurship in rural areas, specifically, the low purchasing power of rural residents and their quality of life, fully dilapidated technical infrastructure, significant transport costs, and poor implementation of public programmes.

Dinópolis, Halfway between Amusement Park and Science Museum: How to Develop Geotourism in A Region Undergoing Depopulation

Dinópolis, in the province of Teruel (Spain), offers a network of facilities which attract many palaeontology and dinosaur enthusiasts. It promotes a symbiosis between a palaeontological museum, a territorial network of interpretation centres and a set of attractions whose main protagonists are dinosaurs. All that is complemented by the implementation of public programs that shape the intangible heritage of the project. Dinópolis brings together two institutions: a Foundation, granted as a monographic museum of Palaeontology and a Managing Society, in charge of managing the spaces open to the public. The aim of the Foundation is to preserve and popularize the palaeontological resources after their research. The Managing Society promotes Dinópolis and all the complementary tourist services as well as the leisure facilities. In order to fulfil its objectives, Dinópolis has a large palaeontological park in the city of Teruel and seven smaller museums that foster visits around the province. These “satellites” show a selection of local fossils as well as the palaeontological techniques followed by its researchers. The headquarters house fossil collections, palaeontology laboratories, research areas and two modern buildings with up-to-date fossil exhibitions. It also offers dark-rides, theatre shows and open-air activities. The purpose of these facilities and public programs is to boost geotourism in rural areas. This would contribute to mitigate depopulation, a dramatic process that has been continuously affecting the province for more than a century. With Dinópolis, the palaeontological resources are applied to a regional development project based on scientific leisure. The need to improve the quality of life for the inhabitants of Teruel and revitalize their economy, was precisely the trigger that motivated the creation of this model of development. Its greatest merit is to be a model of growth which puts together research and leisure facilities, and has generated more than 2.7 million visits since its opening in 2001.

The Mechanism to Eliminate the Accumulated Damage to the System of Socio-Economic Development of the Region

The article is devoted to the problem of the formation of the mechanism to eliminate the regional detriment in the context of recent changes in Russian legislation and the implementation of public programs in this area. As the object of the study the authors have selected the Rostov region as one of the subjects of the Russian Federation on the territory of which has been the target of accumulated environmental damage. The elimination of this damage will expand the capacity to attract investment and will improve the quality of life of the local population.The article analyzes the institutional, legal and economic conditions of the Russian Federation that allow the regions to implement measures for to reduce and eliminate the accumulated harm to environment. The documents that form the basis include the strategic documents explaining the process of governing of the federal and regional authorities' interaction in implementing the projects dealing with the existing damage.As a result of the study the authors have come to the conclusion that authorities in the Rostov region must form a coherent mechanism that provides efficient interaction for all the affected parties at regional level. Authors propose a contour description of this mechanism, carried out on the basis of the main requirements (targets, aims, objects, subjects and tools of impact) and form the proposals to ensure its effective functioning in the Rostov region.

Engaging with complexity in a public programme implementation

ABSTRACTThe heuristic device of a complexity-based lens is applied to the local implementation of a public programme to understand the possible misalignment of its outcomes with the central planners’ goals. The authors supersede the dominant use in complexity theory of simplifying or ambiguous metaphors to focus, instead, on the core concepts of emergence, co-evolution, and self-organization. The paper reinterprets extant literature and analyses an exemplary case, concluding that policy implementation must be approached pragmatically as a self-organizing system and that the public managers need to strategically engage with complexity in a manner that is consistent with such a pragmatic understanding.

Management challenges in British Columbia’s healthcare system

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to identify the operational and management challenges in a globally budgeted, regionalized healthcare system and their implications for public service.Design/methodology/approachConcentrating on British Columbia’s regional health authorities (RHAs) and hospitals, this study utilized data from interviews of key informants, documents (histories, legislation, agreements between RHAs and provincial government, and RHA organizational charts), news reports, and participant observation at board meetings.FindingsChallenges encountered by the managers include accommodating powerful stakeholders (elected officials, providers, and organized publics), adhering to fixed budgets, obtaining capital from public sources, and adjusting to government turnover. In response, the managers engage in balancing priorities of stakeholders, shifting of resources within and across sites and operating units, and working strategically with the capital allocation process. Responses of managers to these challenges have promoted stability but raise concerns about attaining the system’s goals.Practical implicationsManagement challenges and potential patterns of response should be considered in assessing the options for health system reforms. Many countries periodically reorganize their healthcare systems, and recognition of potential management challenges can contribute to the achievement of objectives sought in these reforms.Originality/valueAlthough studies have demonstrated that management affects the implementation of public programs in several areas, little research has focused on the relationships between features of health systems, management responses, and potential outcomes.

The Efficiency Potential in Social Programs: Accounting for Heterogeneity in Benefit-Cost Analysis

Traditionally, benefit-cost analyses focus on average benefits and average costs. However, heterogeneous treatment effects and/or costs are most often present, which means that there is an efficiency potential hidden in the implementation of public programs, if policies can be targeted at those who, net of costs, benefit the most. We introduce efficiency potential defined as the ratio between the net benefit achieved under perfect selection of the individuals with significant positive net benefit of program participation, and the actually realized benefits net of costs. Using data from a randomized control-trial experiment of a Danish return-to-work program combined with rich administrative records and survey data, we find that there is indeed a potential for increased efficiency. Results from the treatment literature indicate that, generally, it may be difficult to harvest the full potential. Our application corroborates this finding.

Negotiating in the absence of trust: exploring the interactions between officials and residents in a waste management project in Copacabana, Bolivia

ABSTRACTThis study investigates the effects of the absence of trust in shaping relationships between officers and managers in Copacabana, Bolivia, particularly regarding the construction of a sanitary landfill for the city. The article builds on an abductive thematic analysis of observation and interview data. The data suggest that prior negative experiences and the absence of shared values are common arguments used by the residents to negotiate the conditions of public programme implementation. The study is inspired by the literature identifying the specific components of trust and the literature on lack of trust and distrust as it highlights the positive effects of scepticism. I conclude that a climate in which trust is absent leads residents to counter the risks involved in accepting the project. These findings can be used to revise and refine the well-established thesis that lack of trust leads to rejection.

Analysis of Croatian archives' web page from the perspective of public programmes

In order to remain relevant in society, archivists should promote collections and records that are kept in the archives. Through public programmes, archives interact with customers and various public actors and create the institutional image. This paper is concerned with the role of public programmes in the process of modernization of the archival practice, with the emphasis on the Croatian state archives. The aim of the paper is to identify what kind of information is offered to users and public in general on the web sites of the Croatian state archives.Public programmes involve two important components of archival practice: archives and users. Therefore, public programmes ensure good relations with the public. Croatian archivists still question the need for public relations in archives, while American and European archives have already integrated public relations into the basic archival functions. The key components needed for successful planning and implementation of public programs are the source of financing, compliance with the annual work plan, clear goals, defined target audience, cooperation and support from the local community, and the evaluation of results.

Análisis de pertinencia de los programas mexicanos de desarrollo social en un contexto local heterogéneo (2009 - 2012)

The economic crises arising in Mexico have led governments to allocate part of their resources in the implementation of public policies and programs aimed at ensuring the improvement of living conditions; they are highly questionable in its effectiveness.As part of a decentralizing wave, was adopted as a strategy for targeting priority have focused social protection to the most vulnerable and marginalized groups. Thus, in the implementation of public programs the importance of other agents has in order to federal social welfare, especially locally recognized. Therefore, recognition of the initiative and participation local evidence the progressive construction of networks of different actors and factors level (global, federal, state and regional) moving towards a path of greater intergovernmental complexity. Is particularly relevant theme Intergovernmental Relations (IGR’s), especially if you think about the need to create and/or consolidate new links more balanced, horizontal and plural that give way to equitable coexistence and functional levels and/or levels of government as well as within them.

Back to the Future… the Challenge for Cancer Education and Training in Developing Countries

It is the best of times and the best of times. It is time for the AACE-CPEN Annual Meeting. This year our family will gather in Seattle to share lessons learned and to plot new adventures. For many of us, this is the highlight of our year where we take time out from our busy schedules to renew acquaintances and make new ones. A time to learn new skills, share knowledge, and become reenergized. This year's meeting promises to be an excellent one. A number of excellent podium and poster presentations have been scheduled which should certainly satisfy our need for new knowledge and skills. In addition, a number of speakers have been invited to share their expertise. Dr. Mary Gospodarowicz, President of the Union for International Cancer Control (UICC), will be one of the leadoffs of this year's meetings and present the esteemed Harvey Lecture. Also proffering invited presentations will be Drs. Vic Strecher (University of Michigan), Dr. Anthony Black (Seattle Cancer Coalition), and Dr. Bill Thompson (Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center). These presentations will certainly stimulate both the left and right sides of our brain. This year's meeting will also offer an exciting array of presentations in a series of concurrent sessions. On the Wednesday morning, there will be several workshops in the areas of Art-Based Cancer Education (Dr. Cueva), Responsible Conduct of Research (Dr. Chang), and Health Literacy (Dr. Payne), three timely and inspiring workshops led by three eminently qualified individuals. What a great way to start our meetings. A note to all presenters—I urge you all to turn your presentations into publications! A review of the agenda for this year's meeting not only highlights where we are, but is also evidence of how far we've come. When the JCE began, a number of articles focused on the fatalistic attitudes of both cancer patients and the general public. Back then, it was a challenge to get people to say the word “cancer”; today we talk of survivorship. Today we discuss implementation of public programs focused on primary and secondary prevention: new models of interprofessional education, programs in tobacco cessation and nutrition, strategies related to patient communication, etc. We have made vast strides in how we relate to each other and to the general public and cancer patients. However, this is not the case everywhere in the world. I had the privilege of participating in a cancer control workshop in Lagos, Nigeria, earlier this year. It was led by Dr. Chumy Nwogu, a colleague of mine at the Roswell Park Cancer Institute, and sponsored by the UICC. The broad goals of this workshop were to explore cancer prevention strategies and identify methods to improve cancer data collection and strategies to promote cost-effective collaborative cancer care. I believe that we were fairly successful in meeting these goals; however, we have a long way to go. Cancer incidence rates are increasing in developing countries due to increased exposure to cancer risk factors, reduced competition from infectious diseases, and increased life expectancy. In many ways, the state of cancer education in developing countries is similar to what we in the Americas faced in the 1950s and early 1960s. The public has a very negative and fatalistic view of cancer. This is not totally undeserved. Many nations lack the infrastructure and resources to effectively combat cancer. Facilities are ill equipped, and there are far too few professionals to deal with the mounting number of cancer cases. So what do we do... concede defeat or learn from past experience? Yes, it is time to go back to the future. The 1985 blockbuster movie, “Back to the Future,” tells the story of a young man who travels back in time where he accidentally meets and attracts the interest of his future mother [1]. This causes a schism in time affecting his parents' marriage and consequently his own existence. Hemust, therefore, travel back in time to repair the damage done. We are faced with a similar situation in the development and implementation of cancer A. M. Michalek D’Youville College, Buffalo, NY, USA

Development of a set of process and structure indicators for palliative care: the Europall project

BackgroundBy measuring the quality of the organisation of palliative care with process and structure quality indicators (QIs), patients, caregivers and policy makers are able to monitor to what extent recommendations are met, like those of the council of the WHO on palliative care and guidelines. This will support the implementation of public programmes, and will enable comparisons between organisations or countries.MethodsAs no European set of indicators for the organisation of palliative care existed, such a set of QIs was developed. An update of a previous systematic review was made and extended with more databases and grey literature. In two project meetings with practitioners and experts in palliative care the development process of a QI set was finalised and the QIs were categorized in a framework, covering the recommendations of the Council of Europe.ResultsThe searches resulted in 151 structure and process indicators, which were discussed in steering group meetings. Of those QIs, 110 were eligible for the final framework.ConclusionsWe developed the first set of QIs for the organisation of palliative care. This article is the first step in a multi step project to identify, validate and pilot QIs.

Mobile devices: a tool for tourism and learning at archaeological sites

The study analyses data obtained from the implementation of public programmes that utilise mobile devices at archaeological sites. The work documents that the two main uses for such devices are augmented reality (AR) and geocaching games involving GPS equipment. The paper notes the educational opportunities presented by the use of these devices. The work concludes that the programmes achieve good general results, are well rated by users, raise interest and are motivating. However, published ratings are limited and very descriptive, and evaluation standards are poor.

Evaluation for Program Decision Making: A Case Study of the Oportunidades Program in Mexico

Although evaluation is now an integral part of the design and implementation of public programs in many countries, there is growing recognition that the utilization of evaluation results for improving implementation and decision making, particularly in developing countries, is limited. The objective of this paper is to describe the process by which the external impact evaluation has been used to increase the potential of Oportunidades to improve nutritional outcomes of the beneficiary population through modifications to its design and operation. We will summarize a series of studies that have guided this process and focus on key aspects that have facilitated the utilization of evaluation results for decision making in the program. Implementation of research to document the impact of programs and the publication of such findings in peer reviewed journals, although vital for improving our evidence base and for the advancement of researchers within the current academic system, is not enough to ensure that the program itself will benefit from the evaluation. The use of evaluation results as a basis for modifications to the design and implementation of the nutrition component of Oportunidades was favored by open dialogue among all sectors involved in the program and the evaluation team and a long-term commitment on the part of all those involved. We think that the lessons learnt from this process are relevant for other programs, even where resources may be limited.

Assessing the Assignation of Public Subsidies: Do the Experts Choose the Most Efficient R&D Projects?

The implementation of public programs to support business R&D projects requires the establishment of a selection process. This selection process faces various difficulties, which include the measurement of the impact of the R&D projects as well as selection process optimization among projects with multiple, and sometimes incomparable, performance indicators. To this end, public agencies generally use the peer review method, which, while presenting some advantages, also demonstrates significant drawbacks. Private firms, on the other hand, tend toward more quantitative methods, such as Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), in their pursuit of R&D investment optimization. In this paper, the performance of a public agency peer review method of project selection is compared with an alternative DEA method.

Evaluating Public Programs Implementation

This paper discusses the importance of evaluating the implementation of public programs as an integral component of organizational actions performed by public administrations. Drawing on contributions from policy studies and organization theory, the authors assign a dual role to evaluation: valuable cognitive resource and accountability tool for the policymakers. This exploratory case study contributes to the literature on implementation evaluation by providing an encompassing theory-grounded perspective on a recent e-government project by the City of Milan. The authors’ preliminary findings confirm the heuristic potential of an evaluation approach where interdisciplinary inputs can enlighten not only the results, but also the process of design, adoption and the use of e-services.

Assessing the assignation of public subsidies: do the experts choose the most efficient R&D projects?

The implementation of public programmes to support business research and development (R&D) projects requires the establishment of a selection process. This selection process faces various difficulties, which include the measurement of the impact of the R&D projects as well as selection process optimisation among projects with multiple, and sometimes incomparable, performance indicators. To this end, public agencies generally use the peer review method, which, while presenting some advantages, also demonstrates significant drawbacks. Private firms, on the other hand, tend toward more quantitative methods, such as data envelopment analysis (DEA), in their pursuit of R&D investment optimisation. In this paper, the performance of a public agency peer review method of project selection is compared with an alternative DEA method, with the objective to show some shortcomings of current procedures of ex-ante and ex-post evaluation of R&D subsidies.