Program Implementers Research Articles

Participatory development of a target policy profile to support soil-transmitted helminth elimination.

Soil-transmitted helminths (STH) are parasitic worms that infect nearly a quarter of the world's population, particularly those living in communities without access to adequate water, sanitation, and housing. Emerging evidence suggests that it may be possible to interrupt transmission of STH by deworming individuals of all ages via community-wide MDA (cMDA), as opposed to only treating children and other focal populations. Transitioning from a policy of STH control to STH elimination in targeted areas would require a fundamental shift in STH policy and programming. This policy change would require updated guidance to support countries as they adapt their current approaches for STH surveillance, supply chain management, community mobilization, and core programmatic activities in pursuit of STH elimination. There is an opportunity to engage with key stakeholders, such as program implementers and implementation partners, to understand what evidence they need to confidently adopt a new policy guideline and to deliver guideline adherent management at scale. We aimed to engage with STH stakeholders to develop a Target Policy Profile (TPoP), a single document that describes optimal characteristics and evidence requirements that STH stakeholders prioritized in future potential STH transmission interruption efforts. Steps in TPoP development included a scoping review and key informant interviews (KIIs), which were used to design a two-stage Delphi technique to identify and verify TPoP components. The scoping review resulted in 25 articles, and 8 experts participated in KII's. Twenty respondents completed the first Delphi survey and 10 respondents completed the second. This systematic effort resulted in a net of 3 key information domains (background/context, clinical considerations, and implementation considerations) encompassing 24 evidence categories (examples include evidence regarding safety and adverse events, implementation feasibility, or evidence dissemination). For each evidence category, STH stakeholders reviewed, endorsed, or revised a range of options for how the evidence could be presented. This information can be used by guideline committees or global policy makers prior to convening guideline advisory groups. The TPoP tool may also speed the process of stakeholder consensus building around guidelines, accelerating progress towards implementing evidence-based policy at scale.

Engaging Community Health Workers (CHWs) in Africa: Lessons from the Canadian Red Cross supported programs.

Universal Health Coverage (UHC) will not be achieved if health care worker shortages, estimated to increase to 18 million by 2030, are not addressed rapidly. Community-based health systems, which pivot to effective engagement of community health workers (CHW), may have an essential role in linking communities with health care facilities and reducing unmet health services needs caused by these shortages. The Canadian Red Cross (CRC) has partnered with different National Red Cross/Red Crescent Societies and Ministries of Health in Africa in the implementation of programs where CHWs contributed to the provision of various health services. This study reports on key findings (i.e., beneficiaries reached, CHWs engaged, programs implemented, intervention outcomes) and lessons learned from CRC supported CHW programs in Africa over the last 15 years (2007-2022). Qualitative methodology was employed to conduct document analysis on 17 sets of reports from each CRC-supported community health worker project in Africa over the past 15 years. Focus was on identifying challenges, facilitators, and lessons learned. CRC supported projects have trained over 9000 CHWs, benefiting nearly 7.5 million people across Africa. Key success factors include adaptability and agility in programming and project management, and considering contextual factors (political, social, and cultural systems). Investing in essential training for CHWs, staff, and volunteers is crucial, alongside employing an evidence-based approach to inform all aspects of programming and implementation. Additionally, projects prioritizing protection, gender and inclusion (PGI) while leveraging existing community structures and partnerships important for successful implementation. Despite challenges (i.e., weak health systems, lack of political commitment, insufficient funding, inadequate training) CHWs are recognized as crucial in promoting community-based health, improving access to care, addressing disparities, and contributing to achieving (UHC). Their unique position within communities enables them to provide culturally appropriate and localized primary health care- particularly in remote, resource limited and poverty-stricken regions.

The Readiness of Implementation of Universal Health Coverage Program in Soppeng Regency: A Qualitative Study

Objective: This study aims to determine the readiness to implement the Universal Health Coverage program in Soppeng Regency in 2023. Theoritical Framework : This research was chosen based on theoretical views (George C. Edwards III, 1980) where the supporting variables in policy implementation that influence the success or failure of policy implementation are divided into four parts that mutually support each other, including communication, resources, attitudes and structure bureaucracy. Method: The type of research used in this research is descriptive qualitative research with in-depth interviews using questionnaires and documentation. The research was conducted in July-August 2023 in Soppeng Regency. The number of samples used were 10 informants who were taken using a purposive sampling technique. Results and Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that communication, the implementation of the Universal Health Coverage program in Soppeng Regency has been going well, the delivery of information from BPJS Kesehatan to the Regional Government has been conveyed clearly and consistently. Resources, the implementation of the Universal Health Coverage program in Soppeng Regency, in terms of the quantity of human resources, both policy makers and program implementer, are considered good and competent, accompanied by supporting facilities. The attitude/disposition, commitment and support of BPJS Kesehatan, Regional Government, related OPD to village government in implementing the Universal Health Coverage program in Soppeng Regency are considered quite good. The bureaucratic structure, the implementation of the Universal Health Coverage program has been going quite well where the mechanism for implementing the JKN-KIS program, in this case BPJS Kesehatan, with the coordination of the Health Office, has made every effort to provide the best service to the community and provide financial protection. Implications of the Research: The implementation of Universal Health Coverage (UHC) in Soppeng Regency aims to ensure that everyone, everywhere can get quality health services without causing financial problems due to the disease they suffer from.

Implementation of East Lombok Flourishing Program (Renternir Through Interest Free Credit) at MSMEs

Implementation is the process of putting a plan, decision, or policy into action. Implementation also includes a number of actions, such as planning, preparing resources, organizing leadership, and implementing an action or decision. This research aims to find out how the implementation of the Lotim Program improves the development of MSMES in the Selong district and what obstacles there are to its implementation. The research used in this study is descriptive research with a qualitative approach. The data submitted is then analyzed by reducing the data, presenting the data, and drawing conclusions. The research is based on the theory of Edward III, who uses four factors as a reference for the research: resource, communication, bureaucracy, and attitude. The results of the research implementation of the Lotim development program at MSMES in the Selong district showed that the implementation of this Lotim development program has been sufficiently good but not fully successful. The recipients of this Growth Lotim program feel that it has been very helpful in developing their venture. The obstacles to the implementation of this program are more likely than the people who are difficult to gather, and the communication and monitoring carried out by the program implementing authorities have not been performed optimally. In this case, the monitoring is performed after the people are declared to accept the Lombok Timur Developing Program.

Gender Discrimination in Prison: The Perception of Women Inmates and Prison Professionals

The prejudices that have traditionally been held against female delinquency and the numerical minority of women in the prison system have led to the invisibility of their needs and characteristics as well as to many situations of inequality while they are incarcerated. This study is aimed at exploring the gender discrimination perceived by women in Spanish prisons. To this end, a scale for perception of gender discrimination is applied to a sample of incarcerated women. Qualitative data from a questionnaire administered to prison professionals and field notes are also used. The results show that incarcerated women perceive the existence of several situations of discrimination related to socio-educational intervention and to the adaptation of prisons to their unique needs, especially for those housed in male prisons. Prison professionals hold similar views and express their concern about the feminization of activities. The study has implications for the prison system and policy makers, including the implementation of gender-responsive programming in women’s prisons, the development of periodic assessments of the experiences faced by incarcerated women, and the training of prison staff.

Policy, health facility and community implications of the findings of the study of illnesses in preterm (sip project): Summary recommendations from a dissemination workshop

The Study of Illness in Preterm (SIP) was designed in 2015 to identify the major causes of morbidity and mortality in preterm babies. Preterm complications are the commonest cause of neonatal mortality. The SIP study investigators in collaboration with Federal Ministry of Health-Ethiopia (FMOH) organized a dissemination workshop during the world prematurity day between Nov 17-18, 2021. 
 The objective of the SIP dissemination workshop was to conduct a policy dialogue with policy makers and program implementers to support policy and practice changes. Five publications that have immediate policy and practice implications were selected and discussed in a dissemination workshop. These were hypothermia, preterm nutrition, bacterial isolates and antimicrobial resistance (AMR), antenatal corticosteroid utilization and respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). 
 For each topic, the workshop assessed and documented the magnitude of the burden of disease, operationally feasible recommendations at policy, facility and community levels and potential implementation research ideas that could help facilitate rapid scale up of interventions.

Delirium Prevention in Early Rehabilitation During Acute Hospitalization and Implementation of Programs Specifically Tailored to Older Patients with Cognitive Impairment: A Scoping Review with Meta-Analysis.

No systematic review on delirium prevention within early, hospital-based rehabilitation on implementation of approaches specifically tailored for patients with cognitive impairment (PwCI), such as Alzheimer's disease or vascular dementia, has been published despite the high relevance of specific medical care in this vulnerable population. To document design and effectiveness of delirium prevention programs by early rehabilitation during acute, hospital-based medical care and implementation of programs specifically tailored to PwCI. In a three-step approach, we first identified published systematic reviews of hospital-based, early rehabilitation interventions for older persons (>65 years) in relevant databases. In a second step, we screened each single trial of included reviews according to predefined inclusion criteria. In a third step, we analyzed studies with focus on delirium prevention. Among n = 25 studies identified, almost all intervention programs did not specifically target cognitive impairment (CI). Interventions were heterogeneous (modules: n = 2-19); almost all study samples were mixed/unspecified for cognitive status with more affected patients excluded. Only one study exclusively included delirium patients, and only one included CI patients. Results of random effect meta-analysis showed significant effects of generic programs to reduce delirium incidence during hospitalization by 41% (p < 0.001, odds ratio, 95% confidence interval: 0.59 [0.49, 0.71] with modest heterogeneity (I2: 30%). Study results document a lack of implementation for delirium prevention programs specifically tailored to PwCI by early, hospital-based rehabilitation. Specifying existing rehab concepts or augmenting them by CI-specific modules may help to develop, optimize, and implement innovative delirium prevention in PwCI in acute medical care.

Nature-based Solution for Local Watershed and Coastal Flood Mitigation in Indonesia

This study evaluates the effectiveness of program implementation that combines Integrated Community-based Risk Reduction (ICBRR) with Nature-based Solution (NbS) in Manggarai Regency, East Nusa Tenggara and Tanggamus, Regency of Lampung Province. The method used is qualitative measurement using indicators of NbS achievement by the United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNDRR), the International Union for Conservation and Nature (IUCN), and the International Federation of the Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC). Data were collected from quarterly evaluation reports by program implementers: the Indonesian Red Cross (PMI) and American Red Cross (Amcross) and interviews with program implementers. The results showed that the broad concept of NbS is difficult to apply and measure in short-duration programs because it takes a longer time to see significant and balanced changes in each variable, especially in the variables of net gain biodiversity, livelihood improvement, and regional policy integration. However, the program that has been implemented has been able to initiate an implementation framework that is easily understood at the local level and brings NbS to the context of community needs and capabilities.

Implementation of social forestry policy – Can it reduce economic inequality in sustainable management of forest areas?

You should leave 8 mm of space above the abstract and 10 mm after the Regulation of the Minister of Environment and Forestry Number P.83/MENLHK/SETJEN/KUM.1/10/2016 Concerning Social Forestry that Social Forestry activities are required through efforts to give local communities legal access in the form of Village Forest management, Village Forest utilization, and Village Forest management. The Village Forest initiative aims to sustainably raise village welfare. With a total size of 2,940 hectares, Sungai Tohor Village Forest is one of the Village Forests and. It’s existence is complicated, and it has a challenging issue. In addition to concerns and issues relating to social, cultural, economic, and even organizational factors, the topic of ecological sustainability is crucial. The goal of this study is to determine how Village Forest Utilization Policies can sustainably increase the economic welfare of Village Communities. A case study methodology and a qualitative technique are both used in this work. Using in-depth interviews, observation, Focus Group Discussion, and documentation approaches collect primary and secondary data. Key informants were interviewed using the purposive sampling technique. The policy’s substance includes interests, different benefit types, the degree of change, the position of the policymakers and program implementers, as well as resources. The novelty of this study was that not every location can implement Village Forest regulations.

Effective paths and model innovations for social work-driven child protection in the context of the Internet

Abstract Children are the hope and future of the country, and doing an excellent job for children is of great importance to social development. Social work program efficiency assessment, can help service providers and program implementers understand the effectiveness of program implementation. For this reason, this study uses data envelopment analysis and the Tobit regression model to construct a child protection social work program efficiency assessment model. The input-output indicators of child protection program efficiency are selected. The model is used to analyze the input-output efficiency of social work child protection programs in City H from 2018-2021 as an example. The variables that affect the efficiency of child protection programs are explored in depth to explore the effective ways of child protection. The results show that the comprehensive technical efficiency, pure technical efficiency, and scale efficiency of the child protection program in 2018-2021 are all less than 1 and have not reached DEA efficiency. The comprehensive technical efficiency of the program is significantly affected by the scale efficiency, which necessitates an increase in resource investment in the child protection program. In addition, the six selected influencing factors are significant, at least at the 10% level, all of which positively affect the efficiency of child protection programs and need to be focused on to better improve the efficiency of social work services.

Exploring the Implementations of Hidden Disability Assistance Program in Australian Airports

Exploring the Implementations of Hidden Disability Assistance Program in Australian Airports

Entrepreneurship Education Integration and Implementation in Undergraduate Programs in the United Arab Emirates

Entrepreneurship Education Integration and Implementation in Undergraduate Programs in the United Arab Emirates

Effect of Knowledge-Based Team Composition on Effectiveness of Pair Programming

Over years variety of tools has been used in the class room to support student learning. Among them, pair programming is trending as a pedagogical tool for programming courses in higher education. Implementation of pair programming is inadequate, choosing the right factors for successful adoption of this method is vital. This study aims at investigating the effect of knowledge-based team composition on effectiveness of pair programming. First year students following HNDIT at ATI Gampaha in the academic year 2020 had participated for the experiment. Data was collected using four instruments. The final exam scores, assignment scores, questionnaire, code quality. Mann Whitney U test is used to analyze assignment score and exam score and the code quality was determined by the defect density. The results revealed that students who had paired performed better in the assignments and they had graded better in the final exam as well. Knowledge based pair programming has positively affected code quality also. Further it reports willingness among students to use pair programming in the academic field when they are paired in a compatible way. Thus, it can be concluded that knowledge based team composition has positively affected to pair programming. These results are consistent with those of other studies that have done on the same topic.

THE PLACE OF EXTRACURRICULAR WORK IN MULTICULTURAL EDUCATION

Extracurricular work on multicultural education plays a very important role. In secondary educational institutions, extracurricular activities are, according to the school curriculum, an integral part of the educational process in organizing educational activities. At the same time, extracurricular activities should be taken into account, taking into account the needs of elementary school students, which has mechanisms for organization and implementation in the general primary education program. In the general education and upbringing of younger schoolchildren, age-related characteristics should be taken into account, as well as purposeful education, including moral values and aesthetic ideals

Evaluating Antiretroviral Therapy Service Delivery Models Through Lot Quality Assurance Sampling in Central Uganda.

This study evaluated the effectiveness and responsiveness of differentiated Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)/Acquired Immuno-Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) service delivery models (DSDMs) implemented to enhance antiretroviral therapy (ART) access and outcomes for patients while addressing Tuberculosis (TB)-HIV integration, focusing on four of the five DSDMs currently implemented in Uganda. A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted in eight districts of central Uganda using Lot Quality Assurance Sampling approach from 7th to 23rd March 2023. We randomly sampled 2668 patients who have been on ART for at least 1 year in a Facility-Based Individual Management (FBIM) model or in a non-FBIM DSDM for at least one year. Data were collected through patient interviews and review of records in ART and DSDM registers as well as ART cards. We analyzed the data in proportions, comparing the selected ART outcome and responsiveness indicators between Community Client Led ART Distribution (CCLAD), Community Drugs Distribution Point (CDDP) and Fast-Track Drug Refill (FTDR) DSDMs with the standard care (FBIM) model. The ART outcome variables include patients retained in the 1st line of the ART regimen, patients in World Health Organization clinical stage 1 during the last facility visit, patients who had no CD4 request during the past 12 months, viral load suppression, ART adherence, and patients who reported that they did not experience HIV/AIDS-related symptoms in the past 6 months. The variables on TB care include screening for TB using the intensified case finding form and patients tested positive for TB. Responsiveness variables include the perceived; travel time for ART refill, travel distance for ART refill, convenience and flexibility during ART refill, cost of travel for ART refill, fear of being seen at ART refill point, waiting time before service, adequacy of service time, crowding and risk of infections, social support, ability to address ART treatment challenges, HIV status disclosure and barriers to access. Non-overlap in 95% confidence interval in indicator proportion between non-FBIM DSDM and FBIM means a statistically significant difference in proportion, or otherwise non-significant. Higher proportions of ART patients in the CCLAD and CDDP DSDMs adhered to ART, had suppressed viral load, and a lower TB prevalence than those in FBIM model. Additionally, more CCLAD and CDDP clients reported shorter travel time and distance to access ART than their counterparts in the FBIM model. Compared to FBIM model, higher proportions of those in CCLAD and CDDP also reported flexibility in ART refill scheduling, reduced transport costs, fewer privacy concerns, less HIV/AIDS-related stigma, shorter waiting times, more efficient services, decreased congestion at ART pickup sites, enhanced peer support, improved problem-solving assistance, and increased HIV status disclosure. The FTDR model outperformed FBIM in proportions with fewer requests for CD4 testing, viral load suppression, as well as proportions of clients who reported; shorter travel time, lower transportation cost, decreased privacy concerns, shorter waiting time, and efficient service provision. Compared to both CDDP and FTDR, the FBIM had a higher proportion of clients remain on the first-line ART regimen. Community-based DSDMs show responsiveness to clients' needs without compromising the effectiveness of ART care for patients. Although FTDR also demonstrates high effectiveness and responsiveness for clients on ART, there is potential for further improvement. Planners and implementers of ART programs should consider both demand- and supply-side innovations to sustain the continuation of DSDMs.

Applying a Multi-Sectoral Approach for Programming of Health Interventions: Comparative Analysis of Nutrition and Tobacco Control Amongst Adolescents in Pakistan

Adolescent health is being increasingly featured in global policy discourse on sustainable development. Despite global calls for more joined up working across relevant sectors, there is less known on how to effectively co-opt other sectors for programming of globally recommended adolescent health measures. This paper aimed to assess multisector programming of nutrition versus tobacco control interventions for adolescents in Pakistan from a political economy lens. Both nutrition programming and tobacco control rely on multi-sectoral programming and are one of the foremost areas for adolescent health needs in Pakistan. Data was drawn from 84 key informant interviews across government stakeholders, development partners, civil society organizations, experts and youth groups, review of policy and programming resources and published literature. The study scope was confined to exploring the pathway of programming and early implementation does not extend to evaluation of implementations. Existing frameworks of multi-sector governance were adapted and progress was assessed against i) issue framing, ii) stakeholder coalitions, iii) resourcing and iv) coordination platforms, to understand challenges and opportunities for an effective multi-sector response. Our analysis found important commonalities as well as differences across both nutrition and tobacco control programming in Pakistan. First, adolescents had a weak constituency within nutrition efforts confined to under-nutrition interventions for reproductive health and a gendered nuancing overlooking needs of boys but have featured historically in national Tobacco control frameworks. Second, lack of framing of social-behavioural perspectives in national response was commonly seen for both adolescent Nutrition as well as Tobacco Control constraining coalitions with new stakeholder groups such as youth initiatives, local government, sports, education, and entertainment that are necessary for lifestyle changes in adolescents. Third, Nutrition had opportune multi-sector platforms of the SUN networks available for programming whereas Tobacco Control situated within the health ministry struggled with mandate to steer multi-sector programming and unlock resources held by other sectors. Fourth, we found that horizontal coordination across sectors itself requires dedicated resourcing and capacity which was overlooked. The Pakistan case study adds to contextual insights on success and failure of multisector governance for nutrition providing an analytical contrast with a similar multi-sector issue of tobacco control. We conclude that the process of how multi-sector programming for adolescent nutrition is brought about within countries is equally important as the prescriptive content of globally advocated interventions. We also identified key elements of a pathway to more effective programming that include attention to i) inclusive framing for its domino effect on coalition building, ii) ensuring diversity within core coalitions; iii) an organisational home outside the health sector for programming across sectors; iv) dedicated resourcing for impactful coordination and oversight of multi-sector programming.

Food Estate in Transmigrant Society, Central Borneo: Blessed or Curse?

The food estate program implemented in Central Borneo has elicited both positive and negative responses from diverse segments of society. The present scenario is closely intertwined with the pressing nature and consequential effects, particularly within the domains of environmental and ecosystem sciences, economics, and socio-cultural sciences. This research examines the implementation and effects of the food estate program on the transmigrant community in the Pandih Batu District, Pulang Pisau Regency, located in Central Borneo. It uses a qualitative research design. Data were gathered through observations, documentation, and interviews. The focus of this study pertains to the transmigrant community residing in the regions of Blanti, Siam, and Gadabung. Establishing a food estate in Pulang Pisau has yielded favorable outcomes within the community, including the provision of assistance and enhancements in infrastructure, particularly in terms of road accessibility for the distribution of crops. However, it also raises issues like ecosystem alterations and communal farming practices. Despite the need for the land to support the target’s achievement, people feel driven to boost the production of the agricultural products the government has set as a goal. The establishment of the food estate has resulted in a situation where farmers have become reliant on the government for the allocation of resources.

Assessment and Evaluation of Teachers’ Performance and Professional Development

Teacher performance is critical for student academic success, yet many teachers still need additional support to develop their professional competencies fully. This study aimed to address this gap by developing a targeted professional development program for teachers designed to enhance teacher performance. Using a research and development (R&amp;D) design, the study involved 352 teachers from three divisions in Ilocos Norte, selected through Slovin’s formula and stratified proportionate random sampling. Additionally, 21 teachers and 3 professional development program implementers participated in focus group discussions, while 8 experts validated the program’s content. Data were gathered using teacher performance rating forms, interview guides, and content validation instruments and were analyzed through mean scores and thematic analysis. Findings revealed that while teachers generally perform satisfactorily according to professional standards, there is still room for growth. Teachers expressed that participating in more research-based and needs-driven professional development programs would help them further enhance their skills. Based on these findings, experts developed and validated a program as highly suitable for implementation. It is recommended that the program be adopted widely to improve teacher performance and support continuous professional growth.

Local Government Unit Initiative on Implementing Marine Protected Areas in Barangay Kamanga and Colon, Maasim Sarangani Province

This study assessed local government unit initiatives in implementing Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) in Maasim, Sarangani Province. The evaluation focused on the effectiveness of MPA program implementers using the Management Effectiveness Assessment Tool (MEAT), collected secondary data on coral reefs and reef fish conditions, conducted a community perception survey, and assessed socioeconomic impacts. Despite the establishment of MPAs and the adoption of related policies, knowledge gaps persist regarding their actual effectiveness in achieving conservation objectives. This study evaluated the management performance of two MPAs: Kamanga Marine Ecotourism Park and Sanctuary and Colon Marine Sanctuary. Employing a descriptive design, MEAT was used to assess their effectiveness. Results indicate that both MPAs were well-established, with robust stakeholder involvement and legal enforcement. However, Kamanga Marine Ecotourism Park and Sanctuary outperformed Colon Marine Sanctuary in areas such as patrolling, infrastructure, institutional support, and impact assessment. Kamanga Marine Ecotourism Park and Sanctuary received an "excellent" rating, while Colon Marine Sanctuary was rated "very good." Both MPAs have stable funding, but Colon Marine Sanctuary requires monitoring, communication, public engagement, and financial management improvements. The study also identified challenges from natural factors and human activities, including pollution and fishing. However, there is positive community awareness about MPAs, and fishers report benefits such as increased fish stocks.

ЦИФРОВИЗАЦИОННЫЕ ПРОЦЕССЫ В ПМР: ТЕКУЩЕЕ СОСТОЯНИЕ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ

The digital transformation of the life of society and the state were made possible by the scientific and technological progress. Those processes were also reflected in Pridnestrovia, especially after the pandemic caused by the action of COVID-19. The article presents a retrospective analysis of the state programs implemented in TMR: portal of state services, interdepartmental document management (IDM), electronic journal (for educational institutions of the republic), electronic accounting, information system in the sphere of procurement, electronic payments. The creation in 2020 of a specialized ministry within the structure of the Government of the PMR, responsible for digital transformation, made it possible to make significant progress in the development and implementation of the above programs. The article concludes that despite the positive dynamics of the digital transformation of society, the Republic is only at the beginning of that path. In conditions of constant deficit of budgetary funds, caused among other things by the blockade measures of the Government of the Republic of Moldova, the path will be a long one.