Implementation Plan Research Articles

Hidden Giant of Embedded Plastics in China.

Combating plastic pollution requires an understanding of the complex intersectoral flows of plastics and related products. In this study, we develop an inventory of 150 categories of products consisting of/containing plastics based on bottom-up analysis and establish a plastics input-output material flow analysis (PIO-MFA) model that reveals intersectoral flows, sectoral consumption, exports, and stocks of embedded plastics. In 2018, consumption-based plastic usage in China reached 140 million tons (Mt), with 123.5 Mt being embedded plastics. Approximately 75.5% of embedded plastics were consumed domestically, and 21.3% were exported. Among the plastics exported, embedded plastics accounted for 68.5%, indicating the importance of the implicit transfer of embedded plastics through global trade. Furthermore, based on ambitious recycling targets, the amount of recycled plastics in China is expected to increase by 27.8 Mt. Plastics embedded in containers and packaging have the highest reduction potential, while joint efforts from the entire supply chain are crucial to reduce the amount of such plastics as industrial sectors consume 32.4% of embedded plastics. Identifying high plastic consumption sectors is critical for balancing economic and social goals with pollution control and ensuring comprehensive plastic treaty compliance. The PIO-MFA method's foreseeable future expansion to a global level is expected to inform plastic treaty obligations and support the development and implementation of national action plans.

Cost Management Accounting in Korean Direct Investment Enterprises in Vietnam

Cost management accounting provides information for the process of controlling production costs compared to standard costs, cost estimates... to point out differences and evaluate the implementation of cost plans. Through studying the current status of applying cost management accounting in Korean enterprises directly investing in Vietnam, specifically a typical enterprise is Samsung Electronics Vietnam. The group of authors proposes appropriate solutions related to cost management accounting, helping foreign direct investment enterprises to perform management work more effectively.

How Government Organizations Can Sustain Remote Work Post COVID-19

Government organizations are unprepared to sustain remote work post-COVID-19. Even though COVID-19 seems to be under control, organizations are still struggling with the aftermath of the pandemic and the need to sustain remote work. Challenges include lack of necessary information technology tools, software, technological skills, strategies for remote work, leadership skills, real-time communication, activity planning and program implementation, scheduling meetings, organizing childcare, managing caseloads, fostering team work, and effective supervision. A conceptual framework based on organizational adaptation theory guided this qualitative case study. Since the study was to ascertain how government organizations can sustain remote work post-COVID-19, semi-structured interviews were used to collect data from 12 government employees in Dallas Texas who worked remotely during COVID-19. Thematic analysis was conducted and. nine themes morphed from the study. The results highlighted the need for employee training and continuous organizational adaptation to the changing business environment.

Green Transformation of Industrial Structure of Jiaxing City Driven by Synergizing the Reduction of Pollution and Carbon Emissions

The "Implementation Plan for Reduction of Pollution and Carbon Emissions" emphasizes the need to explore mechanisms for pollution and carbon emission reductions, strengthen efforts for synergistic reduction, and accelerate the green and low-carbon development in different types of cities. Thus, this study established a multi-objective optimization model for the industrial structure of the city based on green total factor productivity （GTFP）, which was applied to Jiaxing, an emerging coastal city. The results indicated an overall 8% increase in GTFP across various industries in Jiaxing from 2016 to 2019. The top three economic sectors - chemical products； electricity and thermal production and supply； and communication equipment, computers, and other electronic devices-ranked 12th, 15th, and 5th in GTFP, respectively. Conversely, industries with the top three GTFP rankings-other manufacturing products, specialized equipment, food, and tobacco-ranked 19th, 12th, and 14th in GDP, respectively. Given the mismatch between economic output and environmental benefits among different industries, deepening industrial structure adjustment and promoting synergistic pollution reduction and carbon reduction are imperative. The chemical industry （decreasing by 2%） and the electricity and thermal production and supply industry （decreasing by 1%） crucially need industrial transformation. This can be achieved by setting higher environmental thresholds, reducing the growth rate of fixed asset investment, and curbing the final consumption of these industries to enhance the efficiency of existing facilities. Meanwhile, the service industry （increasing by 5%） should be rapidly developed, while other industries can continue to grow at their current pace. The city-level industrial structure optimization model established in this study can effectively support future decision-making for the dual control of total carbon emissions and intensity, foster new-quality productivity, and promote carbon peaking and green low-carbon high-quality development in different cities.

Barriers to Mental Health Services Utilization

The use of health services is defined as the process of seeking professional healthcare and submitting oneself to the application of regular health services with the purpose to prevent or treat health problem .Person suffering from mental illness usually face different barriers . The problem of underutilization of mental health services may be due to: (1) barriers to initiation of mental health services and (2) barriers to persistence in treatment once it is sought. People with a number of unmet needs are likely to experience poor quality of life as well. Any mental health service that aims to improve the quality of life of patients’ needs to actively assess for these factors as early recognition can help in optimizing planning of treatment and implementation of care ensuring effectiveness of psychiatric care. It also plays a critical role in mental health rehabilitation Such an identification could lead to implementation of targeted stigma reduction strategies in addition to regular management plan. Methodology A cross sectional study was performed in Mental Hospital, Lalitpur, Nepal. People suffering from mental illness who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were recruited and BACE scale was administered along with relevant details of participants . Results Most of the participants were from Bagmati Province (65.1%, n=192) whereas least participation was from Sudurpaschim Province (2.1%, n=6). The mean age of participants was 35 years with majority belonging to the age group of 26-35 years (37.3%, n=109). The participation of males (54.5%, n=159) was greater than that of females (45.5%, n=133). The participation of divorced and widow/er was very less (2.4%, n=7) compared to those who were married (71.2%, n=208) or unmarried (26.4%, n=77). A vast majority were Hindus (77.4, n=226) followed by Buddhist (12%,N=35 and Christians (9.6%, n=28 ) and others (1%,n=3). Majority of the participants had completed their higher secondary (38.4%, n=112) and secondary (19.5%, n=57) education followed by no formal education (13.4%,n=39) and those with post graduate education and above (1.7% ,n=5). Regarding occupation, the number of unemployed (36.6%, n=107) was highest followed by service holders (17.8%, n=52), others (16.1%, n=47 ),farmer (15.8%,n=46) and business owners (13.7%, n=40) respectively. Socioeconomic status was measured using Kuppuswamy scale and it was found that most of the participants belonged to middle (63.4%, n=185) followed by upper (22.6%, n=66) and lower (14%, n=41) socioeconomic status. Among the patient reported barriers related to stigma ,the most reported concern was “ concerned that I might be seen as weak for having a mental health problem “(33.6 %),followed by “concern that I might be seen as crazy “ (26.4%) ,followed by “Concern that my children may be taken into care or that I may lose access or custody without my agreement “ (22.6%) and ” feeling embarrassed or ashamed “ (21.6 %) . Among the reported instrumental barriers in BACE scale , “having no one who could help me get professional care (18.2)“ was the most reported major barrier followed by “ being unsure where to get professional care “(17.8)“ followed by being too unwell to ask for help “ (14.4%). Among the different attitudinal components in BACE scale “wanting to solve problem on my own” (21.9%) was the most reported barrier followed by “dislikes of talking about my feelings, emotions or thought “(19.5%) and “thinking that I don’t have problem”(17.8%). Conclusion Thus, it can be concluded that people people suffering from mental illness also experience different barriers during help seeking . This barriers is found more on people below 45 years of age and people with low socio economic status . This barriers influences the quality of life in terms of decline in physical health and environment.

Carbon emission prediction of hub airport under dual carbon background-Take a hub airport in southwest China as an example

In order to predict the carbon emissions of civil airports and the possibility of carbon peaking, the influence of key factors of carbon reduction on carbon emissions was studied. This paper takes a large hub airport in southwest China as the research object, sets the terminal energy demand module on the LEAP model of the airport to calculate the energy demand of the airport, and sets the carbon emission of the airport into three different scenarios: baseline scenario, low carbon scenario and zero carbon scenario, so as to predict the carbon emission trend of the airport and the possibility of carbon peaking in the next year. The analysis data in this paper can provide reference for civil airports to make "dual carbon" implementation plan.

The role of the public health service in the implementation of heat health action plans for climate change adaptation in Germany: A qualitative study

BackgroundIn response to climate change-induced increases in heat periods, the WHO recommends the implementation of heat health action plans (HHAPs). In Germany, HHAPs are implemented neither comprehensively nor nationwide. Several recommendations have identified the public health service (PHS) at municipal and federal state levels as a key actor regarding to heat and health. Therefore, this study aimed at assessing the role of the PHS in implementing HHAPs at municipal and federal state levels in Germany.MethodsWe conducted a policy document analysis to assess the legal basis for the work of the PHS in the 16 federal states in Germany. Furthermore, we conducted semi-structured interviews with 16 experts from within and outside the PHS to explore their perceptions of the PHS in the implementation of HHAPs. The interviews were analysed using reflective thematic analysis.ResultsThe policy document analysis revealed that heat is not mentioned in any of the federal states’ regulatory frameworks for the PHS, while tasks related to environment and health are addressed, but tend to remain vague. The interviews confirmed that there is currently no clearly defined role for the PHS in implementing HHAPs in Germany and that the actual role primarily depends on the local setting. Main barriers and facilitators could be assigned to three levels (individual, organizational and political), and two overarching contextual factors (awareness of the need for adaptation and existence of other public health emergencies) influenced the implementation of HHAPs across all levels. At the individual level, motivation, knowledge and competencies, and previous experience were possible barriers or enablers. At the organizational level, administrative structures, financial and human resources, leadership and networks were barriers or facilitators, while at the political level they included legislation and political decisions.ConclusionsThe PHS could and should be a relevant actor for implementing measures addressing health and climate change locally, in particular because of its focus on vulnerable populations. However, our findings suggest that the legal basis in the federal states of Germany is insufficient. Tailored approaches are needed to overcome barriers such as rigid, non-agile administrative structures and competing priorities, while taking advantage of facilitators such as awareness of relevant actors.

The Impact of Change Orders on the Waste Materials of Large-Scale Projects

Change orders (CO) are formal agreements that alter, add to, or modify the work specified in a contract document. These changes often necessitate adjustments to the project scope, potentially requiring contract modification. Generally, CO have been identified as a significant contributor to Wast Materials (WM) in road improvement projects, as outlined in waste management recommendations. The impact of waste management on project success is substantial, as materials constitute a critical component of construction, accounting for approximately 40-60% of the total project cost. This research aimed to determine the impact of CO on project waste management, with a specific focus on large-scale projects. To achieve this objective, a 4-stage decision-making process was adopted using the Delphi method to design and distribute questionnaires. The results identified 2 variables, comprising 21 indicators, that contribute to waste management in road construction projects. Additionally, 3 primary impacts of CO were recorded, affecting costs, quality, and implementation time. Further analysis using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Smart PLS 4.0 revealed that CO had a significant impact on 2 variables: procurement and material handling, as well as implementation and material planning. These variables, consisting of 21 indicators, accounted for 69% of the observed effects, with a prediction accuracy rate of 67.7% regarding the impact of changes in construction work.

Leveraging group model building to operationalize implementation strategies across implementation phases: an exemplar related to child maltreatment intervention selection

BackgroundImplementation strategies can help support the adoption and implementation of health interventions that are appropriate for a local context and acceptable to decision makers and community members. Implementation strategies should be designed to handle the complexity of the multi-level, dynamic contexts in which interventions are implemented. Systems science theories and methods explicitly attend to complexity and can be valuable for specifying implementation strategies. Group Model Building (GMB) combines research partner engagement strategies with systems science to support researchers’ and partners’ learning about complex problems and to identify solutions through consensus. This paper specifies how GMB can operationalize implementation strategies — methods for supporting evidence implementation in real-world practice — and describes how GMB can aid in selecting and tailoring both health interventions and implementation strategies. A case study in child maltreatment prevention planning is provided to illustrate how GMB was used to specify the “actions” — strategy activities — for three implementation strategies (conduct local consensus discussions; build a coalition; model and simulate change) during the earliest implementation phases, with the goal of supporting intervention selection decisions. Examples are provided of generalizable research products that can be produced concurrently through GMB, in addition to contextually-driven implementation support.MethodsParticipants (n = 8) were engaged over four sessions using tailored GMB activities. Participants generated a qualitative system dynamics model that described their theory of change for how to prevent child maltreatment in their communities. This theory of change reflected a dynamic understanding of the interconnected determinants of child maltreatment.ResultsGMB was acceptable to participants and resulted in products that could be used for implementation planning (e.g., to model and simulate change) and future research. GMB fostered trust and idea sharing between participants.ConclusionGMB can facilitate learning about which outcomes are (or are not) impacted by interventions, which resources and approaches are required for quality implementation (e.g., implementation strategies), and tradeoffs in outcomes and resources between interventions. GMB also provides a structured, effective process to generate a shared implementation vision amongst participants. Lessons learned include methods for developing trust with and between participants, and the need for researchers to tailor GMB actions for participant and project needs.

Protocol for COACH, an evidence-based intervention for improved head impact safety in youth American football developed using a community-engaged approach.

Subconcussive, repetitive head impacts sustained in collision sports may negatively affect brain health. American football practices are controlled environments amenable to intervention. Engaging community members is essential for successful development, implementation, and sustainability of viable interventions. The objective of this study is to develop and pilot test an evidence-based intervention to reduce head impact exposure in youth American football (i.e., football), using a community-engaged approach. This manuscript describes the co-design of the intervention and associated implementation plan and the study protocol for evaluating the effectiveness and feasibility of the intervention and implementation plan. In the first part of this study, focus groups with parents and coaches, and individual interviews with organizational leaders associated with two teams at the middle school level were conducted. An anonymous survey assessing beliefs and perceptions of non-concussive head impacts was given to parents, coaches, and organizational leaders within the local youth football league. Following the football season, qualitative and quantitative data describing determinants of head acceleration events in football were shared with 12 stakeholders of coaches, league and school administrators, parents, an athletic trainer, and local university player development director. Together, we co-designed COACH (COmmunities Aligned to reduce Concussion and Head impact exposure) and implementation plan using a strategic planning approach. The preliminary effectiveness and feasibility were assessed in the second part of this study. Youth football players participating on the teams in year 1 (control teams) were fitted with mouthpiece-based head kinematic sensors which measure head acceleration events (HAEs). HAEs were collected and quantified during team activities. Preliminary effectiveness of the intervention to reduce HAEs was measured among two new teams pilot testing COACH with mouthpiece-based sensors, while simultaneously monitoring implementation of the intervention. We report our study design and evaluation, and opportunities and challenges with our approach. The results will inform a future full-scale pragmatic trial to assess the implementation and effectiveness of the intervention program. NCT04908930.

Recovery for Resilience: Exploring the Disconnect Between Collaborative Planning and Project Implementation in Post-Hurricane Sandy New York City

Collaborative and participatory planning processes that are interactive, thoughtful, and efficient have become increasingly important elements of post-disaster recovery. Meanwhile, rapid action remains critically important to quickly restore destroyed urban systems, but creating long-term resilience demands new ideas that are also implementable. These various tensions create a daunting paradox, and while many communities have attempted to use collaborative planning approaches in recovery, useful assessments and guidance on collaborative recovery planning is sparse. To better understand the nuances of a collaborative recovery, we document and evaluate the effectiveness of the collaborative processes behind the planning of the ESCR resilience project, initiated as BIG U in New York City, which emphasizes community participation and collaborative decision-making. The project is unique because of its innovative and interactive multi-stakeholder processes. The authors have studied the case longitudinally over the past decade, using a variety of research methods to gather relevant information. The ESCR collaborative efforts suggest that, first, there is a disconnect in the dominant rationalities behind climate resilience efforts between the planning and implementation phases. Second, given the disconnect between the planning and implementation phases, collaborative efforts must be refined to remain relevant in the implementation phase. Third, even after project implementation, there are different types of rationality employed, and thus varying levels of satisfaction, depending on the benefits that participants receive. While planners must recognize the disconnect between collaborative planning and project implementation and seek ways to mitigate any abrupt shifts, we conclude that collaborative approaches to recovery planning can be effective and manageable, even in unique recovery situations.

The barriers and facilitators of improving energy availability amongst females clinically diagnosed with Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (REDs).

Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (REDs) is a serious clinical condition. However, there is little research in athletes with a clinical diagnosis and limited evidence on the recovery of REDs. This is a cross-sectional retrospective study whereby 55 (25.62±6.33 years) female patients with a prior diagnosis of REDs by an experienced medical specialist participated in an online questionnaire designed to capture their experience of a sports dietitian consultation and subsequent implementation of a personalized energy availability (EA) plan. A 31% increase (N.=4 vs. N.=16, P=0.002) in normal menstruation, a 22% reduction (N.=39 vs. N.=27, P=0.032) in gastrointestinal symptoms, and a 94% reduction (N.=16 to N.=1) in a very poor/poor appetite were reported following the consultation and plan implementation. Required energy intake (EI) was under-estimated by 93% of participants. Intake pre-exercise was implemented most frequently (69%, N.=38), and least likely to elicit feelings of stress and anxiety (69%, N.=38). Weight gain/shape change was the most frequently reported barrier to implementation (62%, N.=34). Eating to a planned regime (35%, N.=19) and following a timing of intake (33%, N.=18) gave the most confidence. Providing an athlete with an education of their current and required EA, alongside an illustrated personalized EI plan structured around exercise, may provide the "lightbulb" moment needed to overcome the associated anxiety when increasing their EI when recovering from REDs.

Modern knee replacement and aftercare

In recent years, patient specific alignment (PSA) philosophies have emerged as a promising approach to enhance patient satisfaction following knee replacement. PSA requires a detailed preoperative 3D analysis of the leg geometry as well as precise and accurate intraoperative implementation of the patient-specific planning. Technical support, such as navigation-based or robot-assisted systems, is essential for the success of this complex challenge. This article presents the essentials of patient-specific alignment and the intraoperative use of a robot- assisted system.

Identification of Priority Supply Areas for Carbon Sinks Based on Ecosystem Service Flow: A Case Study for the Hexi Region in Northwestern China

The development and implementation of regional protection plans for ecosystem carbon storage services have been recognized as crucial actions for mitigating global climate change. However, the supply areas of carbon sequestration in terms of ecosystem service flows in inland regions are still less evaluated. The goal of this study is to identify the priority-ranked supply areas for carbon sinks. Here, we conducted a case study in the Hexi Region of northwestern China and proposed a framework to quantify the priority supply areas for carbon sinks from the perspective of ecosystem service flows. Firstly, we quantified the carbon service supply and demand areas by combining carbon models (i.e., the Carnegie–Ames–Stanford Approach model and soil respiration models) with socioeconomic and natural factors. Then, we introduced a breaking point formula to estimate ecosystem service flow, specifically focusing on distance or range. Finally, we determined priority supply areas for carbon sinks based on the Zonation model. The results showed that significantly higher carbon sequestration values were detected in the Qilian Mountains, ranging from 2.0 to 3.0 t hm−2, in comparison with desert oasis areas, where the supply values ranged from 0 to 0.01 t hm−2. The urban areas and rural settlements within the study area are characterized by higher values of carbon emissions compared to those in the Qilian Mountains and deserts. The carbon flow analysis demonstrated that the middle and northern parts of the study area, being characterized by lower precipitation and sandy landscapes, were identified as locations with low carbon sequestration fluxes (<1.0 t hm−2). In addition, the mountainous regions were identified as the main highest priority area for ecosystem carbon sequestration, covering 8.33% of total area of the Hexi Region. Our findings highlighted the importance of the Qilian Mountains in terms of sustaining carbon sequestration service supply in the Hexi Region and targeted ecological protection practices to be implemented going forward.

Activities of a Pharmacist in Community Medicine in Nagasaki, Japan

With the increasing separation of dispensing and prescribing, Japanese pharmacists have changed over the past 50 years. Changes affecting pharmacists include the bashing of the separation of dispensing and prescribing, the formulation of the "Vision for Patient-centered Pharmacies" and the implementation of the Action Plan to realize this vision, and the amendment of the "Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Act." By 2025, when many baby boomers will be 75 years of age and older, the construction of the "Integrated Community Care System" is being promoted in various regions, and pharmacists are expected to be involved in community healthcare as members of community support networks based on multidisciplinary cooperation. In Nagasaki City, Japan, a regional medical cooperation system centered on the "Nagasaki Home Doctor Net" has been established, and a multidisciplinary network supports the region. In 2007, volunteers, mainly pharmacy managers, established the "Nagasaki Pharmaceutical Care Net (P-net)" to provide home medical care. To date, these volunteers have been involved in community healthcare while continuing their studies through the group. At the symposium, I introduced my active involvement in community healthcare as a pharmacist and as a member of P-net. I hope this symposium will help pharmacists' involvement and collaboration in community healthcare.

Perceptions of healthcare workers on implementing the 2022 WHO verbal autopsy instrument in rural India through the existing public health system

ABSTRACT Background: Cause-of-death (CoD) information is crucial for health policy formulation, planning, and program implementation. Verbal Autopsy (VA) is an approach employed for the collection and analysis of CoD estimates at the population level where medical certification of cause of death is low and, secondly, for integrating it with the existing public health system by utilizing the grassroots level workforce. Objective: The study aims to understand the field perspectives on implementing the 2022 WHO VA instrument in rural India through the existing public health system. Methods: This article is derived from a qualitative arm of study that was conducted in one of the blocks of Kanpur district, Uttar Pradesh. Frontline health workers (FHWs), as well as Medical Officers (MOs) serving in the Community Health Centre (CHC) area, were selected as study participants. A 5-day training and orientation workshop was conducted to train the FHWs to conduct computer-assisted personal interview VA using the 2022 WHO VA instrument. MOs have been trained to assign the CoD via Physician-Certified VA (PCVA). In-depth interviews (IDIs) were conducted with FHWs involved in conducting VA and physicians involved in conducting PCVA within the field practice area. Results: A total of 13 IDIs were conducted, consisting of 10 FHWs and 3 MOs, within the selected CHC area of Ghatampur. Based on the responses received, five major themes were identified. Although VA is being used to collect CoD information from the community in India through a Sample Registration Survey (SRS), the key findings suggest that this activity could be scaled up by utilizing the existing public health system. However, additional manpower may be required for constant monitoring and evaluation of the program. Incentivization of FHWs would aid in the timely completion of VAs and coordination with local and higher health authorities. Conclusion: The perception of healthcare workers about the feasibility and acceptability of VA in this study highlighted some of the challenges and possible solutions that could aid in developing a comprehensive model to improve CoD information at the population level through the existing public health system.

Behavioral weight loss interventions in college health centers: A qualitative analysis of barriers and facilitators to implementation.

Emerging adults are underrepresented in standard behavioral weight loss interventions (BWLIs). Offering BWLIs in college health centers may help to address obesity in emerging adulthood by reducing student barriers associated with participation; however, implementation barriers and facilitators for health centers are unknown. Health services center administrators and providers (n=14) and students eligible to participate in a BWLI (n=9, average BMI=29.8±4.2kg/m2) participated in semi-structured interviews. Interviews focused on the need for and appropriateness of BWLIs in health centers and perceived barriers and facilitators to their implementation. Participants generally believed that BWLIs delivered through a health center were appropriate and indicated that BWLIs would be a beneficial offering on-campus. Facilitators of health center implementation included availability of trained health professionals, intradepartmental relationships, supportive infrastructure and resources, and in-house planning and execution. Barriers included limited student use and knowledge of health center offerings, narrow referral/recruitment pathways related to stigma concerns, and challenges related to infrastructure, resources, and competing demands. College health centers are a feasible and appropriate setting to offer BWLIs, though barriers to implementation exist. It will be important to construct a plan for implementation to address unique barriers in health centers prior to BWLI implementation.

Strengthening and Implementation Plan for Social Inclusion at SMA Negeri 1 Majene

Social inclusion has become a crucial issue to advocate for, especially in a diverse country like Indonesia, which frequently faces violence and exclusive treatment. Norms such as Pancasila and Bhinneka Tunggal Ika serve as a glue for diversity, yet tensions among citizens still exist. Schools play a strategic role in disseminating inclusive values from an early age, but challenges such as bullying, violence, and harassment persist. Therefore, it is vital to make schools arenas for practicing social inclusion, which not only fosters acceptance of differences but also addresses issues of violence. The implementation of social inclusion in schools must go beyond mere actions; it is a commitment to creating an environment that welcomes all students, regardless of background. Inclusive education helps reduce stereotypes, enhances empathy, and strengthens social skills. Schools that adopt this principle open opportunities for meaningful learning, improve emotional well-being and help shape future leaders who are sensitive to diversity. This implementation requires collaboration among teachers, students, parents, and the community, as well as support from inclusive policies. With concrete steps, social inclusion can strengthen the foundation of a more just, diverse, and equitable society.

K-POP아이돌 팝업스토어의 서비스스케이프 구현 전략

This study is grounded in the recent surge in popularity of K-POP idol pop-up stores, highlighting the need to understand how these spaces provide cultural experiences to fans and strengthen fandoms. The primary objective is to propose strategies for implementing both physical and social service scapes in K-POP idol pop-up stores. In the research process, the study emphasizes key elements of the physical scape, including locality, rarity, temporariness, convenience, aesthetics, and safety. For the social scape, the focus is on enhancing the professionalism, responsiveness, and friendliness of staff, as well as promoting customer similarity and appropriate behaviors through a deep understanding of fan culture to boost interactions and a sense of belonging among fans. The research findings confirm that the proposed physical and social scape strategies enhance the attractiveness of K-POP idol pop-up stores and improve visitors' experiences. However, the study acknowledges a limitation in that it does not empirically examine visitors' behaviors or psychological factors. To address this limitation, subsequent research should involve more in-depth analyses and a variety of case studies. The significance of this study lies in providing practical implementation plans for pop-up store operators and assisting K-POP pop-up stores in functioning as venues for cultural experiences. This, in turn, plays a crucial role in strengthening fandoms and enhancing the value of idol brands.

Carbon steel pipeline CO2 erosion-corrosion damage prediction model and numerical simulation research

CO2 erosion-corrosion (E-C) represents a significant and pervasive threat to the integrity of carbon steel pipeline in the oil and gas industry, which has attracted more and more attention. On this basis, a CO2 E-C damage prediction model considering the synergistic effect is established combining with multiphase flow model, corrosion model and CO2 corrosion model, in which the Eulerian-Lagrangian discrete particle method is employed in the multiphase flow model and the CO2 corrosion model is modified and verified by the erosion-corrosion test method. By using the CFD-DPM technology, the three-dimensional numerical simulation of the elbow is carried out to demonstrate the characteristics of the prediction model, and the dominant factors and extent of CO2 E-C damage can be determined based on the numerical simulation results. Both erosion and corrosion are non-negligible parts that lead to CO2 E-C damage, with corrosion factors being the more important factor to be considered. The prediction results can not only provide suggestions for improving the design of carbon steel pipelines in the oil and gas industry, but also provide protective measures for the operation of existing pipelines to extend their service life, which is helpful for the development and implementation of plans in the oil and gas industry.