Open Government Implementation Research Articles

KETERSEDIAAN DATA DALAM MENDUKUNG PEMANTAUAN DAN EVALUASI SMART CITY MATURITY (STUDI KASUS KOTA YOGYAKARTA)

The development of smart cities that have become a trend throughout the world, including Indonesia, requires a guideline in city development. Yogyakarta City is a city that has developed a smart city since the early 2000s which began with the existence of an information and complaint service unit (UPIK) as part of the implementation of open government. Active people in Yogyakarta City who access Jogja Smart Services (JSS) are only 6.5% of the total population, so it shows that human relations in the JSS application have not been carried out properly. The government through SNI 37122:2019 applies variables and indicators as well as data needs needed to assess the level achievement of smart cities. This paper aims to explain the availability of data and identify data that is not available in Yogyakarta City based on SNI 37122:2019 also how strategies to complete the data. The method used in this study uses a qualitative approach. The availability of data in the government of Yogyakarta consists of 118 data, data found elsewhere other than the city government is 13% and no data anywhere is 25 data. The strategy to enrich the data is through proper policies, technology infrastructure, and application development.

OPEN GOVERNMENT IMPLEMENTATION DURING THE PANDEMIC: LESSON – LEARNED FROM SURAKARTA CITY GOVERNMENT

Open government initiative is needed to ensure good governance by providing more transparent, innovative, collaborative, and participatory services to fulfill public needs. The need for open government is becoming higher during Covid-19 pandemic. The government of Surakarta city also experienced this situation as part of minimizing the impact of Covid-19 spread, by utilizing social media. The purpose of this study measures the open government maturity in Surakarta City Government during the early stage of the Covid-19 pandemic. The output of this study could be useful to hinder the spread of misinformation and disinformation in the pandemic situation that may reoccur in the future. The finding of this study is also useful as an example case of the implementation of open government during critical times. This research design uses qualitative descriptive methods and the analysis will be based on the Open Government Implementation Model (OGIM), by matching the current performance of Surakarta city government with the stages on OGIM. The result indicated that during the Covid-19 pandemic, Surakarta City Government has reached stage four of OGIM. The pandemic does not hinder the Surakarta City Government in providing openness to the public. The novelty of this study lies in the focus of analysis of open government implementation in a city level during the pandemic.

Indonesia's Open Government: A Bibliometric Analysis

This study aims to analyse trends and models of open government in Indonesia. This study uses a qualitative approach with bibliometric analysis methods and a systematic literature review. The data in this study were obtained from the Google Scholar database using the Publish or Perish application and processed using the Vosviewer application. The results of this study indicate that Indonesian open government studies are quite attractive to researchers. Although fluctuating, in the last decade there have been 52 publications on Indonesian open government studies, and 267 of them have been cited. From these figures, an h-index score of 10 and a g-index score of 15 are obtained. There are 83 keywords divided into 15 clusters, with the number of keywords in each cluster varying. Of these keywords, there are 412 links, 440 total link strength, and 132 occurrences. In 2020–2022, the Government of Indonesia established 18 policy models to support the achievement of open government. Since 2011 until now, the government of Indonesia has consistently supported the implementation of open government by establishing 152 policy models.

Contrasting the Perception of Open Government among Public Officials: A Factor Analysis of Mexico and Spain

ABSTRACT Open Government (OG) is an increasingly used term in public administrations. Public sector managers seem to be interested in modernizing their public management models and find OG strategies a means to respond to increasing citizen demands for transparency, participation, and collaboration in public affairs. Specifically, the broad scope of this term seems to have produced an assortment of what public managers understand as OG. This research is a comparative analysis of the perception that exists in the local governments of two countries: Mexico and Spain. Our research questions are: (1) How do OG managers understand this concept? (2) What is the perception of those who manage OG regarding the level of development in their organization? And (3) What are the realities of OG implementation in local public administrations? This article reports the results of a survey to city councils in Mexico and Spain, in order to compare the perception of OG. The survey’s descriptive results are complemented with an Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), allowing us to define public managers’ perspectives in both countries and compare them. Results indicate that there are some points of agreement between both countries, such as the relevance of transparency and citizen participation as pillars of OG. However, there are also discrepancies, not only in the progress of implementation, but also regarding the general perceptions about what OG is, and its scope.

A Bibliometric Analysis of Open Government: Study on Indonesia and Philippines

This study aims to analyze the implementation of Open Government in Indonesia and the Philippines, where the two countries were part of the founders of the Declaration of Open Government from Southeast Asian countries. In the era of all-technology, the demand for improving the quality of government services is very much needed, given the existence of information technology that can be adopted in governance. So that the request for easy public access in supervising the performance of the Government as well as to combat acts of corruption committed by the Government is an obligation that the Government must fulfill. This writing uses a literature review from 329 journals. These journals were obtained from Scopus, then downloaded in RIS format. After that, the RIS file is processed in the Vosviewer software. The results of the Vosviewer become a reference in analyzing the data presented regarding Open Government. The results of this study indicate that responding to Open Government requires government data that is transparent, democratic, and the participation of citizens to control and monitor whether the state has implemented open data or not.

Gobierno abierto en México: implantación y contraste con un modelo ideal

En este artículo se estudia la implementación del gobierno abierto en México en sus cuatro pilares: transparencia, participación ciudadana, colaboración y rendición de cuentas. Se contrastan sus avances con un modelo de inspiración weberiana. La hipótesis plantea que, ante un entorno contradictorio y en ausencia de capacidad institucional, y de condiciones adecuadas en su implementación, el gobierno abierto terminará siendo un “vestido de aparador” o mito racionalizado que dejará intactos los problemas que pretende solucionar. Para probar dicha hipótesis, se propone un marco teórico sobre el tema, y un método que permite generar resultados contrastables y replicables en el futuro.

OPEN GOVERNMENT AT GRASSROOTS LEVEL GOVERNMENT: E-GOVERNMENT SUCCESS FACTORS IN THE VILLAGE OF PEJAMBON, BOJONEGORO

The Government of Bojonegoro Regency was an Indonesia representative in Open Government Partnership (OGP) of Subnational Government Pilot Program. This achievement raised new energy to implement openness in rural government. This policy was also in line with Rural Law. Mean while, to implement government openness, the use of e-Government was highly prioritized. By e-Government, the governance would be effective and efficient. However, only one of 419 villages in Bojonegoro succesded in implementing government openness, that was Pejambon Village. This village won the best website in East Java in 2016 and 2017. There after, it took the first place as the most informative and transparant village in national level in 2018. This research uses qualitative descriptive research methods. The results show that in general the success of E-Government implementation in the open government in Pejambon village is influenced by three main factors. First governing factors that include vision, leadership, and funding. Second, organizational factors that include policy, human resources, and collaboration. Third, technical factors that include IT infrastructure and IT standars. However, there are some indicators that need to get attention and improved by the village government of Pejambon, namely Funding, human resources, and IT infrastructure. If not immediately handled seriously, the future will impede the implementation of open government in Pejambon village.Keywords: Open Government, Succes Factors, e-Government, Grassroots, Village

Open Governance as a Tool for Strengthening the System of e-Democracy in Georgia

Democracy is rule by people, but not every individual is directly involved in governance. Therefore, open governance must be a minimum standard for democracy. The Open Government Partnership supports the practical implementation of open government. Georgia became member in 2011, and implemented numerous reforms to strengthen good governance. This paper will analyze the achievements, key challenges, and the quality of participation, of Georgian national action plans. This will strengthen the practical assessment of open governance in the development process. This paper will examine action plans, monitoring reports, the OGP flagship database, and other sources. Furthermore, readers can find possible answers to the pertinent question of what are the innovative approaches that strengthen the role of citizens in Georgia.

A sustainable ubiquitous engagement platform for open government Implementation.

Open government is known as a systematic procedure of government towards ensuring collaboration, transparency, innovation and participation to make government answerable to its citizens. It has been identified to have four stages of implementation with a given conceptual model known as the open government implementation model (OGIM). The first stage of the model is increasing data transparency, the second stage is improving open participation, the third stage is enhancing open collaboration and the fourth and final stage is realizing ubiquitous engagement. Each stage of this model provides its own deliverables from the first stage down to the last however, this paper focuses on the specific final stage of the model which is realizing ubiquitous engagement. In order to realize ubiquitous engagement, a platform for citizen engagement needs to be made available everywhere and at any time. The paper is aimed at proposing a sustainable engagement framework for open government as well as using the adopted framework for the design of an n-tier application architecture for citizen’s engagement. The ubiquitous engagement platform is a mobile platform which provides a suitable avenue for active citizen participation in government policies and procedures. It is a one-stop application enabling government transparency and effective citizen communication. With the introduction of the platform, it bridges the communication gap between the citizens and government. Thereby enabling citizen’s participation to enabled at available at any time and at anyplace via a reliable platform. The platform also enables government transparency and trust in government.

Improving Indonesia's Commitment to Open Government Through Online Petition

Since 2011 Indonesia has joined as a member of Open Government Partnership, which is an international platform for countries committed to making their government more open, accountable, and responsive to citizens. However, the implementation of open government in Indonesia is criticized by some researchers because of the simplification of meaning. Open government is often described as uploading all government information into the official government website.Therefore, alternative policies are needed to ensure the openness of the government. This study offers the idea of ​​creating an online petition system officially administered by the House of Representatives as an alternative forum. The petition system offered is different from the conventional online petition system, because the conventional system does not have clear legal umbrella and is managed by Non-Governmental Organizations. By comparing the advantages and disadvantages of the addition of the authority to the Parliament, it is expected that the system will strengthen the oversight function by the Parliament. Nevertheless, the alternative solution offered in this study is highly dependent on the political will of the government and the House of Representatives in making clear and legal rules.

Use of the Open Government Implementation in a More Democratic Management: Swedish Example

Açık hükümet kavramı hükümetleri daha açık, katılımcı ve işbirlikçi hale dönüştürmek için temel olarak e-hükümetten daha geniş bir anlayış sözü vermektedir. Açık hükümeti, e-devlet bağlamında ve kamu idaresinin geleceği bağlamında değerlendirmek gereklidir. Günümüzde e-demokrasi ve e-hükümet, gelişmekte olan teknoloji tarafından etkinleştirilen demokratik uygulamaları idari kurumlarda birleştirmektedir. Hükümet ve vatandaşlar arasındaki etkileşim daha şeffaf, katılımcı ve işbirlikçi yani daha demokratik hale geldiğinde üretilen değeri tanımlamak için bir yöntem olarak açık hükümet çerçevesi kullanılmaktadır. Açık hükümet, daha fazla şeffaflık, katılım ve işbirliği vasıtasıyla demokrasiyi güçlendirmenin bir yolu olarak görülebilir. Bu makalede, açık hükümetin bütünleyici bir tanımını ortaya koymak için mevcut açık hükümet literatürü incelenmiş, elde edilen veriler ışığında kavramsal çerçeve oluşturulmuş ve bir açık hükümet örneği olarak İsveç irdelenmiştir. Genel olarak, makalede açık hükümet konseptinin net bir şekilde anlaşılması amaçlanmaktadır.

Development paths towards open government – an empirical analysis among heritage institutions

In the face of the growing digitization of society, a series of transformations are taking place in the public sector that have been described as the second generation of e-government development. The present article traces how these transformations have been anticipated by successive generations of e-government maturity models and critically assesses existing stage models. Based on a survey among 1560 heritage institutions in 11 countries, an empirically validated maturity model for the implementation of open government is presented. The model uses innovation diffusion theory as a theoretical backdrop. While the model is at odds with the unidimensional nature of the Lee & Kwak Open Government Maturity Model (Lee & Kwak, 2012), the findings suggest that the transformative processes predicted by various e-government maturity models are well at work. They result in increasingly integrated services, participative approaches and an emerging collaborative culture, accompanied by a break-up of proprietary data silos and their replacement by a commonly shared data infrastructure, allowing data to be freely shared, inter-linked and re-used. In order to put our findings into perspective, we take stock of earlier discussions and criticisms of e-government maturity models and offer a new take on the issue of stages-of-growth models in the field of e-government. The proposed approach rests on the assumption of an evolutionary model that is empirically grounded and allows for varying development paths.

Implementing open government: a qualitative comparative analysis of digital platforms in France, Italy and United Kingdom

Open government is spreading throughout the world as a policy agenda oriented to foster transparency, participation and collaboration. Despite its increasing relevance in policy documents, there has been a scarce interest in deepening the analysis of how such agenda has been implemented in different national contexts. By adopting a multidimensional and multilevel perspective, we propose a qualitative comparative analysis of institutional digital platforms able to gather the evolution of open government in three European countries. We retrieved 979 open government platforms in France, Italy, and United Kingdom and analyzed them with an original set of indicators grouped in the three macro-areas of e-government, open data and transparency, participation and collaboration. Our study has methodological and policy implications: from the one hand, we provide the widest and deepest survey of open government platforms so far, contributing to the standardization of research methods on this field. From the other hand, we can observe that open government implementation is characterized by some typical traits, suggesting a trans-national convergence; this evidence is particularly prominent in the e-government and open data areas, whereas Participatory platforms are characterised by higher degrees of fragmentation both at the trans-national and at the intra-national levels. The analysis of open government platforms also reveals that, at the intra-national level, public administrations’ approaches to digital government are not homogeneous, although at different degrees among the three countries involved in our study, suggesting the need of a better integration and coordination by central authorities.

Open Government Implementation: An Exploratory Survey of Public Administration Officials

The phenomena why open government implementation struggles and falls short of expectations is still unsolved. Moreover, only little empirical scientific knowledge on the expected benefits and risks of open government implementation exists. Against this background, this study presents an exploratory expert survey of 34 public administration officers in Germany that deal with open government issues in their municipalities. The conducted online survey examines positive and negative aspects of open government implementation, which we derived from a systematic review of the literature. This approach follows the underlying assumptions that the perception of public administration officers on open government implementation is significantly affected by the anticipated benefits and hindrances and that a better understanding of the influence on the perception of responsible employees allows to draw conclusions regarding open government difficulties. Despite the study's straightforward academic and public management implications, further empirical research is needed to assess the derived results.

Open government implementation: an exploratory survey of public administration officials

Open government implementation: an exploratory survey of public administration officials

RECORDS MANAGEMENT READINESS FOR OPEN GOVERNMENT IN THE KENYAN JUDICIARY

This article presents part of the results of a study that was undertaken between April and September 2014 to investigate records management practices in the Kenyan judiciary with a view to promoting transformation and facilitation of open government for effective and efficient justice delivery. The following research questions were addressed: ‘How are records created, accessed and used, stored and maintained, appraised and disposed of, and preserved?’; ‘What records management policies, plans and guidelines are available?’; ‘What skills and competencies do the records management staff have?’; ‘What is the level of awareness and attitude of staff towards sound records management practices?’; and ‘What records management strategies is the Kenyan judiciary using to achieve openness?’ The population of the study comprised court registrars, deputy registrars, records officers, registry assistants, judges and magistrates in the high court and magistrates’ courts in Nairobi and Uasin Gishu counties. The findings of the study revealed that although records management had been improved in the Kenyan judiciary, records were not managed well in a continuum from creation to disposition. Furthermore, there were no records management policies and well trained records officers were inadequate. Besides, though records were recognised as pivotal in the administration of justice, records management was not fully supported by top management. It is recommended that, among other things, records management in the judiciary should be improved by putting in place records management policies; building records management capacity; securing top management support; and using the open government implementation model to promote best practices.

Why Choose Open Government? Motivations for the Adoption of Open Government Policies in Four European Countries

Open government policies (on transparency, participation, and collaboration, but also on digital technology) are spreading across Europe as a new governance model, but are not homogeneous across different countries. By adopting a qualitative computer‐assisted analysis of policy documents from France, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom, we mapped the different meanings of open government by examining the specific measures and key motivations for their adoption in order to find out how different national governments frame the variables of open government. The article shows the emergence of competing models of open government: on the one hand, the hegemonic model of open government seems to stress innovation and openness in the sense of an enhanced transparency, and occasionally of public–private collaboration, but failing to achieve an open decision making. We have detected a paradox in the open government implementation: the economic lens, although softened by a drive toward innovation, anchors the policy‐making process in already‐consolidated mechanisms, rather than in substantive change. On the other hand, we can foresee the emergence of a different perspective on open government, which provides a proper policy framework for democratic innovations to develop.