Local Government Implementation Research Articles

THE EMERGENCE AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE RESPONSIBILITY OF MILITARY PERSONNEL FOR VIOLATING ANTI-CORRUPTION LAWS BEFORE THE XX CENTURY

The emergence and development of the responsibility of military men for violations of legislation on countering corruption (in the period of the XIV century up to XX century.) have been analyzed. The main regulatory legal acts, adopted by the rulers of Russia and aimed at combating corruption among officials, as well as officials of the military administration have been considered. In addition, the main conditions for the emergence and preservation of corruption in the Russian Empire have been examined. A critical assessment to the implementation of local government by appointing vicars without establishing a money allowance for them (the «feeding» system has been given.

Conservation equity for local communities in the process of tourism development in protected areas: A study of Jiuzhaigou Biosphere Reserve, China

Abstract China has built a large Protected Areas (PA) system with more than 2700 PAs. This has occurred in a modern, industrialized economy in a highly populated country, and the designation of PAs has had significant impacts on local people. Equitable sharing of responsibilities and benefits arising from biodiversity conservation with local/indigenous people is important, especially for countries such as China, which has millions of people living in and around PAs. This paper seeks to understand the notion of conservation equity and demonstrate how it works in practice. Perceptions of conservation equity changed over time and across development stages, where variance in the economic activity of locals (agriculture to tourism), state control, degree of input from locals, and local government implementation was observed. In order to achieve conservation equity, policymakers often recognize three aspects of equity: distribution equity, participation equity, and recognition equity. This study examines these notions of equity among the different stakeholders (central government, local government, and local people) during the process of PA establishment and tourism development. It focuses on four villages in Jiuzhaigou Biosphere Reserve (JBR) in China during three different periods of development. Interviews with local residents, village leaders, and government officers were conducted. Distribution equity was identified by participants as the most important of the three equities. Policies created by the central government usually address equity issues, but when these policies are implemented by the local government, equity is sometimes ignored. When local people engage in specific direct actions to improve their livelihood, they are able to better pursue participation equity and recognition equity.

Current problems of civil participation in the implementation of local government in Russia

The main problems of the modern institution of civil participation in the implementation of local government in Russia have been analyzed in the article. Modern effective tools and processes, in the context of “civil participation” have been described. A number of issues and problems of formation of the institute of local government has been considered The democratic nature of the local government implies, the principle of transparency of the decisionmaking system at the local level and high level of trust of the population to local governments. Based on the study of processes, taking place in the country, as well as the analysis of scientific literature on civil pariticpation issue, the author highlights the factors, influencing the level of public confidence in the activities of local governments and the decision-making process by actors in the process of interaction between the authorities and society, in terms of ensuring the democratic nature of the local power.The aim of the analysis of the process of building the system of local government, under which social activity and civil participation in the implementation of the local government requires an interdisciplinary approach - to develop effective solutions and technologies of work with citizens, local authorities, that will lead to increased transparency in decision-making and enhance public confidence in the local authorities. In consideration, that developed institute of civil participation is a complex institution, which is an indicator of the democratic principle of organization of power, at the same time requiring a more thorough analysis of the type of relationship the actor process of interaction of authorities and society and their objectives, the author puts forward several theories, whereby you can ensure the effectiveness of the process of “participation”, in the context of mainstreaming, as described by the author.In the same way modern and effective tools and techniques have been described in the article, the application of which, according to the author, will lead to greater transparency in the work of local government authorities.

Theoretical issues of local government in modern conditions

The theoretical issues of organizing the activities of local governments as a key element of municipal government have been considered. Currently, the relevance of studying the management of municipalities is increasing. This is due to economic, political reasons and processes, occurring in the municipalities. Municipal management is a key element of the public administration system, at the core of the organization of management at the local management level is the satisfaction of needs, as well as the realization of the public interests of the local population. The legislator has clearly defined the scope, authority and responsibility for local governments. At the same time, the main areas of activity of municipal authorities include the organization and subordination of the activities of enterprises, organizations and institutions of municipal and other forms of ownership, located in the territory of the municipal entity, arising on the basis of satisfaction of the public interests of citizens. It is the local authorities, that ensure the organization and implementation of local government with the independent participation of social structures and their individual elements, when solving issues of local importance. The highest value of local government is the recognition of the rights of man and citizen. A citizen acts as an independent entity, which forms the management at the municipal level. Municipal government is the basis of the democratic system of the state and an indispensable condition for the progressive development of modern society; has its own essence, political property, which determines its content, value and purpose; the basis of the essence is power and its implementation. In the process of implementing the activities of officials or executive bodies in order to develop the most effective option of municipal government, in practice, certain methods and techniques of activity in this area are used.

Model Akuntabilitas Birokrasi di Era Otonomi Khusus Aceh (Tinjauan Terhadap Tes Shalat dan Baca Al-Qur'an di Kabupaten Aceh Barat Daya)

The implementation of local government in the context of the Special Autonomy of Aceh has the freedom of the regional government to administer government in accordance with the principles of good governance. In Indonesia it is regulated by Law No. 28 of 1999 concerning the Organization of a clean and free country of corruption and nepotism, through various innovations and creativity to create good governance based on the public interest. This is to answer various problems surrounding the low performance of the bureaucracy because many are entangled in various corruption cases. One attempt to change the government bureaucracy is good, then introduced a new model through local wisdom in the Southwest Aceh District of Aceh Province, by carrying out the Prayer Test and Reading the Qur’an to prospective structural officials, as an effort to reform bureaucracy to create bureaucratic accountability, which It is expected that these activities will produce bureaucrats who are religiously accountable and customer oriented. However, this program must be carried out in a sustainable and comprehensive manner through complementary programs that support the program and do not underestimate the supervision efforts which as a classic action create a healthy bureaucracy.

Pavement of Good Governance Into the Local Government Institutions of Bangladesh

To achieve sustainable development for a nation, progress in all sectors of the country is necessary by ensuring certain democratic rights and public participation from the higher level to even the grassroots level. This mechanism can be approached through the effective implementation of local government and its function and power by complying with the theory of decentralization. Hence, the objective of the paper has shed light upon good governance in the local government institutions of Bangladesh by examining their performances and identifying the existing problems. Being the second most important tier of the state, it is expected that good governance should commence from the lowest tiers of the government. The paper highlights that the key element to ensure good governance initiates from the equal participation of the local people along with the effective functioning of the lowest tiers of the government. Due to the absence of the above-said essentials, the paper proposes that it is the duty of the national government and other related tiers of government to provide the appropriate environment to demonstrate these features in their administration. Furthermore, it recommends that there should be proper harmonization in various institutions of the government at achieving good governance. The higher tiers of government should provide legislation, reforms, and coordination; align with constitutional provisions, to promote the spirit of good governance at the local platform.

Local Leader Election According to Acts No. 9, 2015 as Related to Local Government System Found in Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia

According to the constitution, local leaders election is people’s sovereignty right, whether it is direct or indirect. This right is implemented by electing the local leaders once in five years in the realization of local leader election as a system in Indonesia. The fourth principle of Pancasila states that “ democracy is led by prudence and wisdom in the deliberation of delegation ” and Chapter 18 verse 4 states that “ Governor, Regent, and Mayor as the heads of local government in a province, regency, and city should be elected democratically, ” which is associated with Acts No. 23, 2014 “about local government” in which Chapter 1, verse (6) states that “Local Autonomy is a right, and it is local autonomy’s responsibility to manage and administer individually its government and local society’s interest in the system of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia.” Verse (7) states “Autonomy Principle is the basic principle of the implementation of local government based on local autonomy.” Government’s Regulation No. 1, 2014 states about the election of governor, regent, and mayor; and Chapter 1, verse (23) states that “Local Government is the Governor, Regent, Mayor, and the local officers as the organizational element of the local government.” Keywords : Local Leader Election, Local Government, Local Autonomy, Pancasila , the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. DOI : 10.7176/PPAR/9-3-08 Publication date :March 31 st 2019

Принципи і функції державного управління

Public administration in the process of its functioning and implementation appears as a complex phenomenon, which requires the disclosure and knowledge of its nature. Depending on the identification of the laws of deployment of social and value fundamentals of administration, the effectiveness of social organization, the solution of socio-economic problems and the formation of the legal system is determined. The disclosure of the essence and characteristics of administration and local government in the context of metropolitan agglomeration should primarily focus on the study of democratic principles and principles of organization and implementation of administration and local government in general, which at the same time reflect the immanent qualities of these phenomena from the methodological positions of their content, politically -legal and social and managerial nature and determine the formation of the metropolitan area, the formation of the Kyiv metropolitan agglomeration, as well as the necessary the implementation of Kyiv along with the capital’s functions of the world’s city. This requires the development of high technology, knowledge economy, information technology, diversified and globally operating industrial, financial and service structures. Public administration as a power-organizing activity of control bodies of the state is carried out also outside the system of bodies. The content of is most clearly manifested in But it is important to take into account that in any democratic state the functions of the are exercised not only by the state authorities (for example, they can be delegated to local self-government bodies, other non-state institutions). Consequently, some functions of administration are implemented outside the branch, but at the same time some of the functions of the may be implemented outside the This is the specificity of the relation between the concepts of executive power and public administration. However, in the context of this study, the very fact of the existence of an indissociable link between state and administration is important, which makes it possible to emphasize the commonality of their value characteristics and characteristics. The article reveals the hustle and basic principles of

THEORETICAL AND LEGAL BASES OF NORMATIVE ACTIVITY OF LOCAL AUTHORITIES IN UKRAINE

The scientific article is devoted to the research of theoretical and practical issues of normative activity of local authorities in Ukraine. Modern scientific developments are revealed, international and national normative legal acts are elaborated, practical aspects of the activity of local authorities in the development, adoption and implementation of local government acts in Ukraine are studied. On the basis of the obtained conclusions and generalizations, proposals for improvement of national legislation and recommendations for practical direction of the functioning of local authorities in the process of rulemaking are formulated. It is substantiated that all acts of bodies and officials of local authorities are acts adopted by the respective authorized entities, within the limits of the Constitution and laws of Ukraine, in a regulated manner, having a clear algorithm of execution. The local government regulations include: 1) statutes of territorial communities; 2) decisions made in the form of legal acts, adopted at a local referendum, citizens’ meetings; 3) acts (decisions) of local councils; 4) acts (decisions) of executive bodies of local councils, 5) acts (orders) of village, settlement, city mayor; 6) acts of local state administrations (orders of the chairman and orders of heads of departments, departments and other structural subdivisions of local state administrations); 7) regulatory agreements. It is advisable to set the standards for local norm-making acts, in particular the content, form and procedure of their adoption, at the legislative level, which will increase the level of their preparation and responsibility of local self-government bodies and officials, promote the importance of the legal acts adopted by them in the mechanism of legal regulation and ensure their legitimacy. It has been proved that legitimacy of regulations of local authorities means its recognition and perception by communities, awareness of its correct content in terms of interests of local residents and the state as a whole, conviction of its conformity and proportionality to the needs of today.

The Direct Implementation of Local Government and Participation in its Implementation: Problems of Limitation and Classification

The article analyzes the approaches to the classification of forms of public law activity of the population of municipalities, highlighted the legal criteria for classification data. The problem of the validity of making additions to Part 5 of the Federal Law No. 131-FZ by fixing new forms of public law activity in the form of a special hotel article; The authors' theoretical positions regarding the distinction between forms of direct democracy and forms of participation in the exercise of powers of public authorities are considered. Identified signs of forms of direct implementation of local government, which can be used as criteria for distinguishing between forms of public law activity of the population of the municipality; the author suggests a classification of the forms of direct implementation of local self-government in its implementation in the aggregate of legal criteria, which are divided into three subgroups.

A bayesian approach for behavioral public administration: Citizen assessments of local government sustainability performance

Citizens are increasingly critical information-processors, and government performance information has become ubiquitous to the tenants of democratic anchorage and support for public programs. Yet human perceptions of governmental policies and outcomes are increasingly partisan and resistant to updating. Partisan motivated reasoning can lead to inaccurate or biased assessments of both the merit of specific policies and governmental performance. This article presents a case for the use of Bayesian inference for experimental work on information-processing. Combining previous findings with a new experimental design, this study examines whether provision of performance information on local government implementation of federally initiated sustainability efforts ameliorates the partisan motivated reasoning of citizens. Contrary to expectations, the study finds evidence of attitude-strengthening in the face of disconfirming performance as well as suggesting partisan cues may help citizens calibrate their evaluations.

Debirokratisasi dan Pentingnya “Good Governance” bagi Daerah

The implementation of local governance involves not only the detachment from the shackles of central hegemony, the implementation of decentralization and regional autonomy policies, and the level of empowerment of civil society, but also attention to the ongoing conditions of the transition to democracy in people's lives in the region. Debureaucratization policy is one of the prerequisites for the implementation of good governance. The application of this policy requires the existence of a regional bureaucratic structure that can guarantee that there will be no distortion of aspirations coming from the community and avoid abuse of power. Debureaucratization requires that local governments can be more adaptive to changes and dynamics of society. Thus the bureaucracy will be more just and in favor of the sovereignty of the people so as to prioritize the interests of the people in a professional, proportionate and efficient manner. Debureaucratization practices and decentralization policies have become the main determinants that influence the dynamics of change for the realization of regional governance.

Scaling up sanitation: Evidence from an RCT in Indonesia

We investigate the impacts of a widely used sanitation intervention, Community-Led Total Sanitation, which was implemented at scale across rural areas of Indonesia with a randomized controlled trial to evaluate its effectiveness. The program resulted in modest increases in toilet construction, decreased community tolerance of open defecation and reduced roundworm infestations in children. However, there was no impact on anemia, height or weight. We find important heterogeneity along three dimensions: (1) poverty—poorer households are limited in their ability to improve sanitation; (2) implementer identity—scale up involves local governments taking over implementation from World Bank contractors yet no sanitation and health benefits accrue in villages with local government implementation; and (3) initial levels of social capital—villages with high initial social capital built toilets whereas the community-led approach was counterproductive in low social capital villages with fewer toilets being built.

Biking to School: The Role of Bicycle-Sharing Programs in Adolescents.

The purpose of this study was to: (1) describe modes of transport to school, with a specific focus on the use of public bicycle share programs (PBSP); and (2) assess sociodemographic, psychosocial, and environmental correlates of bike and PBSP use to go to school. A group of 465 adolescents from the International Physical Activity and the Environment Network (IPEN) Adolescent Study (Valencia, Spain) participated in the research. Mixed regression analyses were conducted on the data obtained. Not having bicycle access, a PBSP card, or a public bike lane close to the school is negatively associated with bicycle use. PBSP is positively associated with physical self-efficacy and bicycle availability and negatively associated with the number of vehicles per drivers at home and not having PBSP stations close to the school. The strongest predictive factor, as regards cycling as an active mode of transport to school among adolescents is having a PBSP card. Schools have a crucial role in promoting bicycle use through collaboration when designing public policies that consider access to bike lane networks and PBSP stations and therefore should encourage local government implementation policies and/or increase PBSP stations within 250 m of the school.

DISKRESI SEBAGAI KEBEBASAN BERTINDAK PEMERINTAH (Tinjauan Konseptual dan Empris)

The concept of discretion is the concept of power, in this case the power of government in the sense of narrow (bestuur). Discretion as a concept of power is power in a specific sense, not in the routine sense. The power of discretion here is the freedom of government action. Freedom here has a neutral understanding, which describes the existence of a power to choose various actions. This discussion aims to provide clarity on the concept of discretionary power in the administration of government that is still controversial from various aspects so that the concept of power of discretion is not only acceptable power, but also at the same time acceptable juridically and morally / ethically. The discussion is complemented by empirical aspects of the application of discretion to the implementation of local government in Indonesia. The central government guarantees the protection of discretionary regional heads to accelerate the development and welfare of the people. Ministry of Home Affairs, explains that there are now Law No. 23 of 2014 on Regional Government, and Law No. 30 of 2014 on Government Administration, which guarantees discretion by the regional head. In principle, Law No. 23 of 2014 and Law No. 30 of 2014 serve as guidelines for the regional head to innovate and undertake discretion without hesitation and fear. However, the government's discretionary powers must remain operative under a legal system of the rule of law. Under the prescriptions of the rule of law principle, the government's discretionary powers coexist with the rule of law principle, the power of government discretion coexists with the principle of responsible goverment.

Customary Law of Larwul Ngabal in the Implementation of Regional Autonomy in North Moluccas

The Kei Islands of Southeast Moluccas, like other parts of Indonesia, have a customary order and cultural diversity. The values of local wisdom existing in the Kei community, which is contained in the customary law of Larwul Ngabal, is a very important cultural social capital in the social integration of its society. The type of study was an empirical research with sociological-anthropological juridical approach. The results show that the existence of customary law of Larwul Ngabal supports the implementation of regional autonomy with full authority and reinforcement in local regulations based on local wisdom in Kei Island. The dominant factors that caused the values of customary law of Larwul Ngabal have not provided legal strength in the implementation of local government is because it is determined by the recruitment factor of the leader who lacks capacity and competence. Added to the polarization of political parties and the values of local wisdom on financial strength in determining leadership. Therefore, to realize good local governance in Kei Islands, the values of customary law of Larwul Ngabal in various Local Regulations and local government policies must be accommodated, keeping in mind the custom, governmental and religious factors that are the foundation of Kei community life.

ANALISIS REALISASI ANGGARAN UNTUK MENILAI EFEKTIVITAS DAN EFISIENSI KINERJA PEMERINTAH DI DINAS PERTANIAN DAN PETERNAKAN PROVINSI SULAWESI UTARA

Good governance is an eminent issue in the management of government administration today. The implementation of local government can not be separated from the use and utilization of budget and regional income. And every year it is always the local goverment preparing a budget plan or called regional income and expenditure budgets . The purpose of this study analyzed the budget realization report to assess the effectineness and efficiency od government performance in aggriculture and livestock servive of North Sulawesi Province period 2012-2014. Data analysis method used is data analysis calculation of effectiveness and efficiency. Level or criteria of effectiveness of expenditure budget in agriculture and livestock service of North Sulawesi Province 2012-2014 vary for effevtive use the budget is quite effective in 2012 and 2013-2014 effective budget usage. So overall from 2012-2014, the level of effectiveness of agriculture and livestock expenditure budget of North Sulawesi Province experienced an effective increase. In the implementation of agriculture and livestock expenditure budget of the province of North Sulawesi in 2012-2014, already well processed and very efficient. Implementation of the 2012-2014 budget is categorized as very efficient because the efficiency level below 60%.Keywords : efficiency, effeectiveness, budget

Model Akuntabilitas Birokrasi di Era Otonomi Khusus Aceh (Tinjauan Terhadap Tes Shalat dan Baca Al-Qur'an di Kabupaten Aceh Barat Daya)

The implementation of local government in the context of the Special Autonomy of Aceh has the freedom of the regional government to administer government in accordance with the principles of good governance. In Indonesia it is regulated by Law No. 28 of 1999 concerning the Organization of a clean and free country of corruption and nepotism, through various innovations and creativity to create good governance based on the public interest. This is to answer various problems surrounding the low performance of the bureaucracy because many are entangled in various corruption cases. One attempt to change the government bureaucracy is good, then introduced a new model through local wisdom in the Southwest Aceh District of Aceh Province, by carrying out the Prayer Test and Reading the Qur’an to prospective structural officials, as an effort to reform bureaucracy to create bureaucratic accountability, which It is expected that these activities will produce bureaucrats who are religiously accountable and customer oriented. However, this program must be carried out in a sustainable and comprehensive manner through complementary programs that support the program and do not underestimate the supervision efforts which as a classic action create a healthy bureaucracy.

Applying TOGAF for e-government implementation based on service oriented architecture methodology towards good government governance

As a Local Government Agencies who perform public services, General Government Office already has utilized Reporting Information System of Local Government Implementation (E-LPPD). However, E-LPPD has upgrade limitation for the integration processes that cannot accommodate General Government Offices’ needs in order to achieve Good Government Governance (GGG), while success stories of the ultimate goal of e-government implementation requires good governance practices. Currently, citizen demand public services as private sector do, which needs service innovation by utilizing the legacy system as a service based e-government implementation, while Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) to redefine a business processes as a set of IT enabled services and Enterprise Architecture from the Open Group Architecture Framework (TOGAF) as a comprehensive approach in redefining business processes as service innovation towards GGG. This paper takes a case study on Performance Evaluation of Local Government Implementation (EKPPD) system on General Government Office. The results show that TOGAF will guide the development of integrated business processes of EKPPD system that fits good governance practices to attain GGG with SOA methodology as technical approach.

Disharmoni dalam Dinamika Penyelenggaraan Pemerintahan Daerah

The dynamics of good governance at the central government level to the level of local government is inseparable from the conflict. Conflict usually occurs horizontally or vertically, causing disharmony in the administration. In the period 2014-2015 in the Province of Gorontalo had experienced dynamics in governance that led to poor inter-regional relations. This paper will discuss the disharmony of Governor and Mayor relationship with the focus of discussion on the function of coordination and supervision in the implementation of local government. The results show that the disinclination of government relations between provinces and municipalities due to unclear division of authority between governments so that structural and functional coordination is not effective and achievement of goals does not always work as expected. This research suggests changing the mindset of government apparatus in the management and administration of government and strengthening cooperation among local government, so that the dynamics of governance can run effectively and efficiently.