Implementation Of Local Autonomy Research Articles

中國 鄉村建設運動의 확산과정과 鄕村敎育의 함의

In this article, I reviewed the background and the development process of rural construction movement in regard of the transformation of the Chinese educational system since 1920s. During the late days of Qing period, the emergence of new government and the abrogation of state examination to recruit ranking officials acted as a factor to change the whole of Chinese society, leading to the decline of traditional intellectuals and education in rural communities. Although some educational reforms were introduced in those provinces which the native force of local notables was institutionalized with the implementation of local autonomy, the polarization of urban and rural areas was deepened. In this circumstance, the rural education emerged which originated from the thought of ‘Saving the country by education’ during the May 4th New Culture Movement. For the intellectuals who studied abroad in Western Europe, the backwardness of China’s rural education was a key factor that hindered the development of the entire community. They believed that education could steer economic development in rural areas and further enhanced the autonomous ability of farmers to participate in political organizations. Among those Do Haeng-ji advocated the training of teachers as farmer-oriented Intellectuals, which influenced Yang Su-myeong and Liu Pae-hon’s rural construction movement. On the other hand, An yangcho established the People’s Education Promotion Association of China to promote the education of the common people as the basis of rural reconstruction, which received general supports from the various levels of governments. Yang Su-myeong didn’t exclude modern science and technology, but reiterated the importance of ethical education based on Confucianism, while the People’s Education Promotion Association of China affirmed that the spread of modern knowledge and technology would bring about the improvement of the rural economy. Through the Rural Rehabilitation Committee and the domestic conference, the rural construction developed individually in each region became the government’s initiative to integrate stratified sub-regime. With the financial, human and administrative support from the government, the effective rural construction movement progressed. However the two fundamental problems of the rural community, land tenure system and rent, and the actual development of local autonomy were remained in the theoretical debates. In particular, the progress of rural construction was depended upon the relationship between the local government and the influential class and the central government, and the rural construction movement was also affected by the conflict between these forces. In the process of creating a nation-state, it was the role of intellectuals by presenting the model of social integration through education which was adopted by each local government and the Nanjing government. In addition, the process of integrating rural community through mediation of conflict was closely related to the role of intellectuals and the function of the social integration mechanism of education. It was a historical meaning of rural construction movement.

Legal policy challenge for the implementation of local autonomy in North Korea area after Korea unification

Legal policy challenge for the implementation of local autonomy in North Korea area after Korea unification

Meta-analysis of the Directivity of Cultural Welfare Policies - Meta - analysis through five papers -

본 논문은 5가지 논문의 내용을 문화 복지 정책의 개념과 개념 정의에 대한 내용, 그리고 문화적 박탈감으로 인한 문화 복지 대상의 범위 그리고 문화 복지 전달체계와 문화 복지 종교의 상호관계에서 문화 복지정책의 방향성에 대한 메타 분석을 하였다. 첫째, 문화 복지정책의 시급한 사실은 문화 비전의 정립이다. 모든 문화 복지정책을 보면 정책의 특성을 살린 뚜렷한 비전을 제시하고 있다. 문화종류에 따라 균등한 발전을 도모할 것인지 일정한 수준을 바탕으로 집중과 선택을 할 것인지를 결정할 필요가 있다. 둘째, 문화 복지정책참여자들의 참여를 위한 법･제도화가 실시되어야 한다. 지방자치실시 이후 주민들의 정책과정 참여가 늘어나고 있으나 문화 복지 분야에서는 아직 그 영향력이 미흡하다. 비공식집단인 문화적 박탈감의 계층에서는 일반 문화적 전문가인 공식집단에 비해 그 영향력이 매우 적었다. 는 문화 복지정책과정에서 문화적 박탈감 계층의 집단의 범위와 수단을 공식화하고, 절차를 제시함으로써 문화적 박탈감 계층 집단의 참여를 확실시하고 문화 복지정책과정의 참여자를 다양화하여야 한다. 셋째, 문화 복지의 과제로서 문화 복지가 문화의 영역이라는 기존의 인식에서 탈피하여 복지 영역의 하나로 보는 관점의 도입이 필요하다. 문화 복지는 삶의 질 제고를 목표로 하고 있는 바 이는 사회복지가 지향하고 있는 목표와 일치한다. 이러한 목표는 단순한 문화 감수성의 향유가 아니라 문화 역시 사회서비스의 하나로서 이에 필요한 서비스가 제공될 때 보다 더 강한 현실가능성을 담보할 수 있을 것이다. 이러한 맥락에서 문화를 사회서비스영역의 하나로 간주하고 있는 현행 사회보장기본법은 좋은 단초를 제공하고 있다. 문화 복지정책은 문화행정이 아니라 문화 상호관계성에서 공공보다 민간단체, 중소규모단체를 포함한 사회적 기업까지 폭 넓게 창작활동을 수행할 수 있게 풍부한 재정규모의 경계가 넓어졌기 때문에 삶의 질 차원의 지원정책이 되어야 한다. 문화 복지정책의 가치와 미션과 비전의 공유를 통해 전문 인력이 역할을 수행할 수 있도록 지역사회의 공감대를 확대하고 강화시켜야 한다. 이에 대한 문화 복지정책의 위치에 적합한 전문 인력의 효율적 관리 체계의 마련이 요구 된다.With the contents of the five papers, Meta-analysis was conducted on the concept of cultural welfare policies, the definition of the concept, the scope of the targets of cultural welfare due to the sense of cultural deprivation, and the directivity of cultural welfare policies in the mutual relation between the cultural welfare delivery system and cultural welfare religions. First, an urgent thing in cultural welfare policies is the establishment of cultural visions. All cultural welfare policies present clear visions that make the most of the characteristics of the policies. It is necessary to decide whether to pursue equal development or pursue concentration and selection based on a certain level depending on the types of culture. Second, laws and institutionalization should be implemented for participation of cultural welfare policy participants. Although residents participation in the policy process has been increasing since the implementation of local autonomy, the influence of residents is still insufficient in the field of cultural welfare. The influence of the class with a sense of cultural deprivation, which is an informal group, was much smaller compared to that of the official group comprising general cultural experts. In the process of cultural welfare policies, the scope and means of the class with a sense of cultural deprivation should be formalized and procedures should be presented to ensure the participation of the class with a sense of cultural deprivation, and diversify participants in the process of cultural welfare policies. Third, as a task of cultural welfare, it is necessary to break away from the existing perception that cultural welfare is in the domain of culture and introduce the viewpoint to see cultural welfare as one of the domains of welfare. Cultural welfare aims to improve the quality of life, which is consistent with the goal aimed by social welfare. This goal is not merely the enjoyment of cultural sensitivity, but since culture is also one of the social services, a stronger real possibility can be guaranteed when services necessary for culture are provided. In this context, the current Framework Act on Social Security, which regards culture as one of the social service domains, provides a good clue. Cultural welfare policies are not the cultural administration but shall be support policies at the level of the quality of life because the boundary of the rich scale of finance has been widened so that rather than public organizations, private organizations and even social firms including small and medium sized organizations can carry out wide-ranged creative activities in terms of the inter-relatedness of culture. The bond of sympathy of communities should be expanded and strengthened so that experts can play their roles through the sharing of the value, mission, and vision of cultural welfare policies. To this end, an efficient expert management system suitable for the position of cultural welfare policies should be prepared.

EXISTENCE OF LOCAL LEGAL PRODUCT NUANCED OF SHARI’AH IN INDONESIA

<p><em>The existence of local legal product nuanced of shari'a in Indonesia is rampant in the reform era. The establishment of local legal product that nuanced of shari'a is effort to formalize shari'ah Islam in the life of the nation. But its existence has caused controversy because of have nature of sectarian and vulnerable to violation of human rights such as discriminatory and restrict civil liberties. Therefore, necessary for the structuring of local legal product that nuanced of shari'a, if necessary until to cancel it in order to improve the quality of implementation of local autonomy in Indonesia.</em></p>

GLOBALISASI, PERUBAHAN STRUKTUR EKONOMI, DAN REPOSISI BIROKRASI (STUDI KASUS OTONOMI DAERAH GRESIK-SIDOARJO, 1974-1999)

This study aims to explains the impact of globalization and economic liberalization on Indonesia's economic structure and as a result, the increase of local original income (PAD) in the regions of Gresik and of Sidoarjo to support the implementation of local autonomy under Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 197-1. Entering the decade of l980's the government of Indonesia decided to reform its economic structure from a state-led development into a market-driven development by launching a package of deregulations. This, in turn, had an impact on capital inflows from foreign countries as well as increasing trade between Indonesia and other countries. These developments resulted in the emergence and the growth of industrial and trade regions in Indonesia, particularly in the regions ofGresik and ofSidoarjo. However, it brought about a marginal increase in PAD. Therefore, the role of PAD had also been marginal in the process of implementing local autonomy. Thus; this study concluded that the reposition of bureaucracy was an important action necessarily taken by the local government to improve its capability in implementing local autonomy.

Pengaruh Kemampuan Keuangan dan Posisi Fiskal Terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Kabupaten/Kota Di Provinsi Kalimantan Barat

The implementation of local autonomy and decentralization empowers the local government tomanage their own area largely and properly. The research aims to examine the financial andfiscal position and their effects towards the economic growth of the regencies or cities in WestKalimantan. Moreover, the1 financial capability is proxied by the proportion of PDS while thefiscal position is determined by the direct expenditure per capita to verify their effects to theeconomic growth. This research, furthermore, utilizes the panel data from 12 regencies/citiesthroughout West Kalimantan in 2006-2010 and used Fixed Effects Method. As a result, theproportion of PDS affects negatively and significantly the economic growth, while the directexpenditure per capita has slightly a negative effect towards the economic growth ofregencies/cities in West Kalimantan.

"Clarifications On The Principle Of The Autonomy In Local Public Administration Management "

The problem of autonomy exists in any democratic state, being a fundamental principle which underpins the development of local government. Local collectivities activity is inextricably linked to the concept stated, local autonomy is the right of communities to solve and manage themselves public issues. Our scientific approach aims at defining, analyzing and configuring the structural elements of local autonomy. To understand the complex meaning of autonomy in local public administration management we intend to identify the elements that form its structure and gives it consistency, i.e. organizational, functional and administrative components. In addition, the provision and implementation of local autonomy is a goal of all European states, their constitutions assigning a primordial role to this principle, whose importance in the organization and functioning of local public administration is undeniable.

Knowledge Local Governance sebagai Upaya Meningkatkan Daya Saing Daerah

Implementation of local autonomy is perceived as a mean in enhancing the local economy if it is supported by effective local regulation. A major challenge of local autonomy empowerment is the understanding of local competitiveness potential. An accurate and comprehensive understanding of the local competitiveness potential of a region is beneficial to local government in formulating effective policy in order to create a conducive environment for doing business in the region. I other words, local governments must have knowledge in order to enhance local competitiveness.

ANALISIS PENENTUAN SPESIALISASI SEKTOR DI KABUPATEN BOYOLALI DALAM MENGHADAPI IMPLEMENTASI OTONOMI DAERAH: MASA KRISIS EKONOMI1997-1999

The implementation of local autonomy which focusing on the empowering local potencies is predictably running well if only the local specialized potencies can be highly optimalized. Normally, a well-developed specialized sector will support another under-developed sector. In this research, the writer attempts to analyse factors causing structural changes of economy and what kind of sectors that is possible to be made as socialized sectors in Boyolali regency. The research period taken in this research is in the time of economy crisis attacking Indonesia in 1997 - 1999 by taking some variables, i.e. PDRB, job vacancy per sector and specialized factors. The research use Classic shift share analysis method, Estheban-Marquilas shift share analysis and also Location-quotient analysis. As we know, Esteban-Marquilas shift share analysis is a new modification of classical shift share analysis. This technical change the influence of competitive spatiality into the influence of good competitive Esteban-Marquilas also involve allocation influence comprising the third specialized component of shift share technical as well as to the forth component of shift share namely the influence of allocation.

Time series analysis on outcomes of tuberculosis control and prevention program between small areas in Korea : with patient

Backgrounds Today, tuberculosis cannot only be cured medically, but also controlled by public health. Despite the overall worldwide decline in tuberculosis, the disease continues to be a significant problem among developing countries and in the slums of large cities in some industrialized countries. Particularly, this communicable disease has come into the public health spotlight because of its resurgence in the 1990's Our country has been operating the Korean National Tuberculosis Control Program since 1962, focusing around public health centers. Therefore, this study aims to compare the effectiveness of tuberculosis control activities, one of the major public health activities in Korea, by producing indexes, such as the yearly registration rate per 100,000 population and treatment compliance of tuberculosis on in small areas (communities). Methods This work was accomplished by constructing a time-series analytic model using data from "1980~2000 : the Yearly Statistical Report" with patient registry data of 234 City. County. District public health centers and by identifying the factors influencing the tuberculosis indexes. Results The trends of pulmonary tuberculosis positive point prevalence and pulmonary tuberculosis negative point prevalence on X-ray screening have declined steadily, beginning in 1981 and continuing to 1998 by region (city. county. district). Although the tuberculosis mortality rate steadily shows a declining trend by year and region, but Korea still ranks first among 29 OECD countries in 1998, with a tuberculosis mortality rate of 7.1 per 100,000 persons, according to the time-series analysis for fatal diseases. Conclusion The results of the study will form the fundamental basis of future health care planning and the Korean Tuberculosis Surveillance System on 2000. Since the implementation of local autonomy through the Local Health Act of 1995. it has now become vital for each city. county. district public health centers to determine its own priorities for relevant health care management, including budget allocation and program goals.