Implementation Of Land Policy Research Articles

Implication of Institutional Frameworks Governing Land Tenure Security in Social-Economic Dynamics: Experience from Iringa District in Tanzania

Purpose: The study aimed to examine the implication of institutional frameworks governing land tenure security in socioeconomic dynamics in the Iringa district. The study used the case of the Iringa district to investigate the institutional framework that provides implications for the governance of land tenure security in Tanzania. Methodology: The study employed phenomenography by collecting primary data from 16 key informants selected from village and district levels. Data from key informants were complemented by documentary review with perception considered deductively. Findings: Findings confirmed the existence of two principal institutional frameworks; the Land Act No. 5 of 1999 and the Village Land Act No. 4 of 1999. Nonetheless, bureaucracy, inadequate policy dissemination, and poverty emerged as primary causes of deviations in land policy implementation in the study area. This study concludes that the successful implementation of Tanzania's land policy in the Iringa District Council has significantly facilitated land tenure security through the issuance of a Certificate of Customary Right of Occupancy. Establishing a robust institutional framework and clear land use rules has been central to this success. However, challenges such as complex Certificate of Customary Right of Occupancy acquisition procedures, bureaucracy, inadequate policy dissemination, and prevalent poverty in rural areas have been identified as impediments. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study was guided by Institutional Theory which describes the interaction of human beings with existing natural resources, the institution involves the regulation of formal rules from constitutions, status laws, and other legal frameworks controlling the interaction and relationship of human behavior. The study contributed to the theory by establishing the relationship between the organization and enforcement of policy and regulatory framework that governs land tenure. Also, the study recommends expanding the Certificate of Customary Right of Occupancy issuance, strengthening local land administration, simplifying land use regulations, facilitating easier access to Certificate of Customary Right of Occupancy especially for impoverished households, and implementing strategies to reduce bureaucracy and enhancing policy understanding at the grassroots level. These measures aim to enhance land tenure security and support sustainable development in rural communities.

A framework for co‐designing decision‐support systems for policy implementation: The LANDSUPPORT experience

AbstractThis work proposes a framework for co‐designing decision‐support tools for sustainable land management and soil protection at multiple scales. Geospatial dashboards, due to their key capabilities in the use of spatial or geospatial information, are quickly gaining traction for planning and policymaking. Developing the decision‐support system (DSS) as a transversal system capable of capturing trends in land and soil properties at the local, regional, national, and EU levels has been co‐designed with policy stakeholders. This work seeks to link (i) the main goal of the Soil Mission and the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), to raise awareness and knowledge on soil conditions (ii) and the LANDSUPPORT (LS) project cross‐evaluation on how the spatial decision‐support system (SDSS) can support policy‐related stakeholders and help them to take evidence‐based decisions. To achieve this objective, we present the user engagement process to ensure broad testing and evaluation of the LS SDSS's ability to support selected EU policies and soil‐related SDGs by testing the LS platform's European scale tools, including an analysis and conformity check of the data delivered by the LS tools and a critical review of results. The indicators were assessed via direct contact with end users, such as semi‐structured interviews (SSI) and 184 questionnaires. Results of the test series have been analyzed by the spatial scale per respective tool and performance indicators. We present a unique, integrated, science‐based approach to co‐create data‐driven decision‐making with the stakeholders to promote sustainable land management practices. This methodology strives to involve many stakeholders in scientific research, empowering them to participate in the decisions on topics that directly affect them. Public bodies responsible for land policy implementation, environmental stakeholders, spatial planners, and other users have engaged in the process to ensure broad testing of the LS platform from 2020 to 2022. A strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) analysis provided a synthesis of the performance of the LS tools. The testing phase proved the utmost importance of usability, underlining that the mixed method of testing allowing quantitative and qualitative analyses based on the same key indicators proved essential for co‐designing SDSS tools to be used by a wide range of stakeholders.

Modelling of spatial planning systems with LADM standard: the case in Turkish regulatory planning system

Spatial planning includes various decisions that guide the formulation of land policies, such as planned urbanisation, environment-nature-culture protection, and safe agriculture. Land Administration Systems (LASs) should also include spatial planning decisions as they play a role in facilitating the implementation of land policies. In this study, the Turkish spatial planning system's role in the land administration is discussed. The paper presents the necessity of designing and standardising the spatial planning system as data model. This data model design includes not only spatial plan decisions but also documents that guide spatial planning and land development decisions caused by planning. Therefore, this study aims to present a standardised model of the Turkish spatial planning system and the land use rights, restrictions and responsibilities established by spatial plans. Designing spatial planning system information as a conceptual data model within the Land Administration Domain Model is expected to support land administration system-based improvements.

Application of GIS in Land Policy and Planning Strategies in Rural Revitalization

In recent years, there has been a growing emphasis on reviving rural areas in China, which has become a crucial strategic direction for the nation's economic and social development. Currently, rural revitalization is a major endeavor in China, and the successful implementation of land policy and planning strategies is crucial to its achievement. This study seeks to examine the use of Geographic Information System (GIS) in crafting land policy and planning strategies for rural rejuvenation. By harnessing GIS technology, a thorough evaluation and analysis of rural land resources can be undertaken, furnishing a scientific basis for formulating land policy. Furthermore, Geographical Information Systems (GIS) provide opportunities for spatial analysis, simulation, and decision support capabilities to implement rural land policy and planning strategies. Nevertheless, the use of GIS technology presents challenges and limitations in terms of data acquisition and technological implementation. To promote the sustainable development of the rural economy, future research efforts should concentrate on further enhancing the utilization of GIS technology in rural revitalization.

How does farmers' differentiation affect farmland abandonment from the perspective of land attachment and generational differences? Evidence from Sichuan Province, China

Farmland abandonment is a pernicious environmental problem in the world. As farmers are decision-makers with regard to farmland utilization and abandonment, it is the key to study the influencing factors from the farmers' perspective. Using the data from 540 rural households in Sichuan Province, this study analyses the impact of farmers' differentiation on farmland abandonment and further explores the effects of land attachment and generational differences on the above impact. The results show that farmers' differentiation positively affects farmland abandonment. Meanwhile, land attachment is the mediator between farmers' differentiation and farmland abandonment. Among the three dimensions of land attachment, land rootedness and land dependence play the main mediating effect. Moreover, generational differences are the moderator between farmers' differentiation and farmland abandonment. Among the three generations, the differentiation of the middle-aged and the older generation of farmers positively affects farmland abandonment, while the differentiation of the new generation of farmers does not significantly affect farmland abandonment. This study can deepen the understanding of the impact mechanism of farmers' differentiation and farmland abandonment and provide a reference for the formulation and implementation of land policy.

How to balance land demand conflicts to guarantee sustainable land development

Severe arable land loss and ecological problems raise attention to protect/develop land for food and ecology demand. Spatial conflict appears in front of multidemand for urbanization, food, and ecology. Our study took China as an example and explicitly outlined spatial preference of urbanization, food, and ecology. From the aspect of land amount, there are enough lands to support multidemand with a surplus of agriculture land of 45.5 106ha. However, spatial conflict widely appears among the multidemands. We tested the impacts of different priorities on urban pattern, crop yield, and ecology and found the priority of food>ecology>urbanization gave the best outcome. Our results verified the importance of including priority of land multidemand to avoid confusion and increase efficiency in the implementation of land policies.

EFFECTS OF FARMERS-PASTORALISTS CONFLICTS ON MAIZE PRODUCTION IN TARABA STATE, NIGERIA

The study assessed the effects of farmer-pastoralist conflicts on maize production in Taraba State, Nigeria. A multi-stage sampling technique was adopted; primary data were collected from 204 sample-size maize farmers using a structured questionnaire. Data collected were analyzed using both descriptive (percentages, frequency, and mean) and inferential statistics (Student Ttest and Factor analysis). Results revealed that the majority (83.8%) of the respondents accepted that pastoralists destroyed their farms, but most (96.6%) did not accept that they caused no troubles, did not consult with maize farmers (96.6%), did not resolve issues amicably with farmers (96.1%), were not peaceloving (90.6%), and had no mutual relationship with farmers (90.2%). Farmers indicated the causes of farmer-pastoralist conflicts as destruction of lives and property (98.5%), destruction of crops (94.1%), and failure of nomads to abide by the rules and regulations of host communities (93.7%). Findings also showed maize production during conflict periods (mean = 400.4 kg/ha) and non-conflict periods (mean = 908.6 kg/ha). The mean difference between the two periods was 508kg/ha. The study revealed that there were three major strategies for mitigating farmer-pastoralist conflicts. These included national security strategies (Factor 1), land use and administration strategies (Factor 2), and land policy implementation strategies (Factor 3). The results of maize production per hectare showed that there was a significant difference in production (t = 46.482, p<0.00). An independent t-test indicated that conflict between farmers and pastoralists has significant effects on maize production. It was recommended that governments facilitate appropriate conflict management strategies to mitigate the effects of conflicts between farmers and pastoralists in order to increase maize production, which could enhance farmers income and improve their standard of living

A CASE STUDY OF 3D OWNERSHIP RIGHTS REGISTRATION AS A BASIS OF SMART URBAN GOVERNANCE

Abstract. The Land Administration System (LAS) is of strategic importance to any country. Effective modern LAS should facilitate land management as an important instrument for the implementation of land policy contributing to comprehensive and sustainable land governance. The infrastructure needed to support increasingly complex requirements or urban space management based on three-dimensional register of rights would bring substantial improvement, especially for management of complex 3D situations. Modern cities are increasingly deploying different types of infrastructure under/on/above ground. The Republic of Croatia decided to establish the Register of Buildings, a transitional register combining data about buildings from existing registers towards the 3D cadastre. The transformation from 2D to 3D LAS should follow international standards, firstly the Land Administration Domain Model (LADM): ISO 19152:2012 but also other ISO and OGC standards. This study analyses the possible re-use of cadastral 3D datasets in smart urban governance procedures, the case of public purpose property valuation. To our opinion the establishment of a 3D LAS should facilitate and enable efficient and sustainable management of urban spaces.The prototype of 3D LAS, based on LADM conceptual model and its extensions, should enable efficient integration of 3D ownership rights register with the data from other domains - other key registers, taxation, and valuation data (property market data) and other sources of linked data. In this paper, the case study is used to assess the current practice of registration of buildings and their particular parts and analyse the differences between different implementation of 3D partitioned parts.

The Implementation of a Complete Systematic Land Registration Program in Kebumen Regency, Indonesia

Implementation of land policies continues to encounter several barriers; thus, the community continues to experience many land conflicts. This study aims to identify and analyze aspects of communication, resources, disposition, and bureaucratic structure in relation to the success of implementing the complete systematic land registration program in Kebumen Regency. This study was undertaken in the Kebumen Regency setting and employed qualitative methodology. Through interviews, observation, and documentation, data was collected. Using the approach of interactive model analysis and the triangulation procedure, the validity of the data was determined. The findings of the research indicate that the communication element, comprising the publishing mechanism, coordination system, and information dissemination, has been operating effectively. First, the lack of human resources as a driving team; second, the mutually agreed-upon self-financing is considered too costly for such individuals; and third, the government subsidies offered by the Kebumen Regency are insufficient. Such factors include things such as aspects of the disposition and organization of personnel. The regions with a high degree of complete systematic land registration programs that can be mobilized independently in areas that manage them have a low district government's commitment and involvement in setting the budget for complete systematic land registration, an adjudication committee that does not meet the structure, and a lack of support from the village government to mobilize community participation. The complete systematic land registration committee creation at the village level did not even go as well as it should have in terms of the people who did the work. Keywords: Bureaucratic Structure, Communication, Disposition, Implementation, Land Policy, Resources

Digitalization of Economic Management Processes in the Context of the Land Policy of Northern Kazakhstan

In the context of the continuous economic development of the Republic of Kazakhstan within the framework of the country’s popularized integration into the EAEU, increasing the level of digitalization in the context of science, technologies of state, and business management is becoming increasingly important. The article aims to consider the transformation of land policy management on the example of the Northern region of the Republic of Kazakhstan based on digitalization by assessing the effectiveness and availability of the Qoldau.kz service. In the course of writing the work, an author’s study was carried out using the Varimax method, aimed at determining the key factors characterizing the effectiveness of the Qoldau.kz service. The study results confirm the interconnection of critical aspects of the digital transformation of public administration in the context of the implementation of land policy in Northern Kazakhstan through the optimization of the Qoldau.kz service. The study results also determine the relationship between the low number of active users of the site and the complexity of its device, the need to have special practical skills, and the high cost of maintenance. To optimize the operation of the service in the context of land policy management, the authors proposes recommendations to simplify the process of obtaining a benefit, reduce the cost of service, minimize the corruption component in the allocation of subsidies, and the need to increase the popularity of the service among key recipients of services.

ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ЗЕМЕЛЬНО-РЕСУРСНОГО ПОТЕНЦІАЛУ СІЛЬСЬКИХ ТЕРИТОРІЙ УКРАЇНИ В УМОВАХ ТРАНСФОРМАЦІЙНИХ ЗМІН

The current needs in the regulation of land relations, which are due to a qualitatively new approach to the development of land use potential, land use, ownership and disposal and the conditions under which the free land market in Ukraine should be formed. The concept of transformation is considered, which means the process of replacing the features of one economic order with similar features of another order, resulting in the transformation of the economic system as a whole. The main problems of land management in rural areas of Ukraine, which provide for the revival of rural areas by optimizing their territorial organization, creating conditions for balanced use of nature and protection of natural resources, improving social conditions and living infrastructure of rural residents, improving the demographic situation in rural areas. It is emphasized that to date in Ukraine no land is classified according to suitability on the basis of taking into account (balancing) environmental opportunities and economic feasibility. It is indicated that the priority in the implementation of land policy is the development of the necessary land management and urban planning documentation, land inventory, topographic and geodetic works, land valuation, land management schemes and feasibility study of land use and protection of administrative-territorial entities, development of working projects reclamation of disturbed lands, protection of lands from erosion, flooding and other dangerous geological processes. The components of the formation of information and analytical support for monitoring the use of land resources of the united territorial communities of Ukraine are proposed. It is concluded that the functioning of the land market in Ukraine should be based on social justice, public, public and private interests, legality, efficiency, transparency, openness, ensuring the balanced development of settlements and other areas, protection and rational use of land resources potential and other natural resources. At the same time, the main generator of sustainable development of rural areas, its economic «engine» should be economic activity in rural areas, rational use of land and resource potential, focused on the multifaceted functioning of the rural economy.

Property rights, land circulation and off-farm labor supply: evidence from a land tenure reform in China

Weak property rights over land prevent efficient allocation of production factors in the developing world. Farmers who lack title secure access to the land they work by providing evidence of productive use. The ``use it or lose it'' principle leads to a thin land rental market and a misallocation of labor between economic sectors. Leverage a land tenure reform in China starting in the late 1990s, I investigate the extent to which secure property rights increase allocative efficiency of land and labor. I exploit implementation of land policies with staggered timing to show that secure property rights led to 1) more land rental participants and a higher share of rented farmland and 2) a reallocation of rural labor towards the non-farm sector. To examine if there is a redistribution of farmland to productive farmers, I estimate a discrete choice model in which leases are categorized based on the relationships between landlords and tenants. The estimation shows that secure property rights lead to landlord-tenant matches that are less driven by relationship and location, indicating a more efficient allocation of land. I further apply the model to labor allocation and find that off-farm workers are more likely to migrate out of their hometowns than to work locally. I finally estimate the welfare impact of the land reform and find that a one standard deviation increase in land right intensity leads to 25\% increase in durable goods consumption.

Methodological principles of formation land use of defense

The expediency of reviewing the bases of the classification of land in the category of defense substantiated. The classification of the land use of defense according to the degree of ecological and economic risk is determined. A logical and meaningful model of the methodological process of allocation of defense lands by types (subtypes), target and functional use is proposed. Land allocation should base on clearly defined target criteria, parameters and characteristics, the system of which determined by a specific subject area and the requirements of specific groups of land users. However, land redistribution must done according to the needs and interests of the people (society). After all, the earth, as a natural resource, depending on the value and availability of certain natural resources, performs the following functions [8]: the basis of human life, the source of satisfaction of its primary needs, the most important condition for the existence of changing human generations; • the basis of all existing biocenoses and the biosphere as a whole; • the main source of the aesthetic beauty and richness of the whole natural complex as a whole. In this regard, land use of defense must be classified by special and other modes of use and protection of land and other natural resources, by subtypes: - land use with a low degree of environmental and economic risk; - land use with significant environmental and economic risk; - land use with increased ecological and economic risk; - land use with catastrophic degree of ecological and economic risk. Using the concept of the nature of land allocation for defense and security purposes it is possible to formulate its concept. Allocation of land for defense and security purposes - is a process of land allocation taking into account the needs of the state's defense capability, as its ability to protect in the event of armed aggression or armed conflict aimed at satisfying the state's public interest in defense and security needs, with appropriate functional zone use and protection of land and other natural resources (by sub-types of land use) taking into account different degrees of ecological and economic risk. The implementation of a scientifically grounded distribution of land by types (subtypes) of land use, purpose and functional use is one of the functions of the state for the implementation of land policy in the field of defense. Thus, the essence of land allocation lies in balancing contradictions in the needs of the state's land for defense and security purposes and the availability (possibility of allocating zones of subtypes of land use) land and other natural resources of an appropriate amount and regime of land use. Keywords. Land use of defense, land categories, types of land use, land use regime.

Losing land in times of peace: post-war agrarian capitalism in Colombia and Côte d'Ivoire

ABSTRACT Recent scholarly interest in the implementation of land policies in post-conflict settings has been focused on ‘best practices'. Yet defining land tensions as a risk for stability conceals the contribution of peace-making to the transformations of capitalism. This contribution links the analysis of post-conflict conjunctures to the renewal of developmentalist policies. I argue that peace-making policies contribute to differentiate the economy from the political sphere, and to define land as an economic problem, not a political matter. This produces what I call post-war agrarian capitalism. This proposition is put into application through a comparative analysis of Colombia and Côte d’Ivoire.

Реалізація земельної політики у сфері використання і контролю занедбаних земель (англійською мовою)

Реалізація земельної політики у сфері використання і контролю занедбаних земель (англійською мовою)

The contemporary state of Russian land policy

The topical issues of agricultural lands efficient use and prudent management are considered in the article. The national land policy implementation mechanism, the ways of government influence on the development of land matters in Russia and on the actions of land matters participants are analyzed in the paper. Current legal and regulatory framework applied for land regulation in Russian Federation is considered. The study of Russian land policy state highlighted a number of current problems associated with inefficiency of the existing government system of land regulation and the need to improve the legislative support of agricultural land transactions. Furthermore, the issues of use and care of agricultural lands of all categories remain largely unaddressed. Within the scope of conducted study the ways of improving the national policy applicable to the land proper use are suggested.

Land Conflict Management through the Implementation of the National Land Policy in Tanzania: Evidence from Kigoma Region

The land policy in Tanzania, which has been implemented since 1995, aims to resolve land-use problems. This study explored the implementation of land policy in rural Tanzania. A cross-sectional multiple data collection technique was performed during the period July–November, 2017 to examine whether the policy has addressed land issues, including land conflicts. The findings indicate a significant association between immigrants and land conflicts, thus implying an insecure land tenure. The results also show that the realization of land policy was hampered by insufficient budgetary allocation and too few land staff to spearhead the land policy and legislation requirements. In view of these findings, this article suggests that the government must mobilize the resources required for registering communal land and simultaneously reinforce the use of social institutions, cultural norms, and adjoining landowners in securing land rights. This decision will encourage the majority of rural landowners (peasants and herdsmen) to invest in their land for higher and sustainable production.

Anthropogenic and climate-driven environmental change in the Songnen Plain of northeastern China over the past 200 years

Multi-proxy records (pollen, particle size, loss on ignition, C:N ratios and radioisotopes, 210Pb and 137Cs) of natural and anthropogenic environmental change are reported for sediment cores from three lakes in the Songnen Plain of northeastern China. These data provide high-resolution records of vegetation history and catchment dynamics for the region over the past 200 years. Records show that vegetation initially responded to a cooler and drier climate during the Little Ice Age with high values of Pinus, Ephedra and Amaranthaceae and low values of Cyperaceae. As anthropogenic activity increased in northeastern China, Pinus gradually declined while broad-leaved deciduous vegetation increased in the region from 1900 CE. Aquatic taxa also increased from 1900 CE as the wetlands responded to changing lake water levels and agricultural activities. Land policy implementation had a profound impact on the vegetation with arboreal pollen in Keqin and Hongyan lakes declining from 1900 CE as marginal land was reclaimed, and agricultural activities increased. Vegetation diversity increased as agricultural activities caused environmental disturbance, with pollen taxa indicating human disturbance including Humulus, Polygonum and Xanthium. Silt and organic content increased and C:N ratios declined after 1940 CE as erosion in the catchment and productivity in the lakes increased. Re-vegetation strategies introduced in the late 1990s caused an increase in arboreal taxa in the pollen record. This multi-proxy palaeoenvironmental study improves understanding of the long-term relationship between natural and anthropogenic environmental change in northeastern China.

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION IN THE FIELD OF LAND USE AND PROTECTION AND STATE LAND POLICY IN UKRAINE: PROBLEMS OF CORRELATION

The purpose of the paper is to study the problems of functioning and improvement of the organizational and legal mechanism of public administration in the field of land use and protection in Ukraine in their correlation with the issues of formation and implementation of the land policy of the state. Methodology. The essence of the problem under investigation is the lack of consistency in the implementation of land reform in Ukraine since its independence, which negatively affects the effectiveness and stability of the organizational and legal mechanism of public administration in the field of land use and protection. It, in turn, requires a detailed analysis of existing approaches to the formation and implementation of state land policy as an ideological and organizational basis for the development of the land system in the country. Analysis of recent researches and papers. Issues of legal ground for land reform in Ukraine, public administration in the land field were developed by a range of researchers, including, among others, Volodymyr Andreitsev, Pavlo Kulynych, Anatolii Miroshnychenko, Volodymyr Nosik, Vitalii Semchyk, Mykhailo Shulha, and others. At the same time, the degree of investigation of legal problems of the formation and implementation of state land policy, their interrelation with the issues of modernization of the management system in this area is still insufficient. Results. The state of legal ground for the development of state land policy and its correlation with the ecological, economic, and social policy of the state were analysed. The emphasis is on state target programs as an important economic-legal instrument of public administration in the land sector. The state of the institutional support of control and supervisory activities concerning the use and protection of land is examined. The conclusion on the necessity of the elaboration of an integrated regulatory legal act, which should consolidate key aspects of state policy in the land sector, is made. Value/originality. The analysis of the institutional support of control and supervisory activities in the land sector provides grounds to argue that this activity should be considered as an important element of the organizational and legal mechanism for ensuring sustainable development, and the reform of the system of the relevant authorities should not weaken the potential of this important function of public administration.

Analysis of Right-Based Approach within Land Policy in Rwanda

Land as fundamental livelihood asset on which other activities (shelter, food production, etc.) depend on, should be governed and managed in a framework that treated people (all) as key actors with right to access, use and control over. Therefore the necessity of land administration became a cornerstone and has become a large pipe by which financial movements flow to and from. The purpose of this paper was to examine whether the new land policy in Rwanda was implemented in both rural and peri-urban areas in respect of right-based principles. Through a mini field work it was revealed that in the process of implementing its newly adopted land policy, Rwanda might have run a long distance in a short period of time to achieve a course of action that would have taken long in normal situation. Non-discrimination and equality was the most successfully achieved principle. The policy made it clear that both man and woman have all equal right to land. It was noted that the issue of land grabbing and other disputes have reduced. In case of expropriation, landholders trust leaders. In the rural area, local people haven’t yet caught economic benefits of land registration and titling. Land is still honorific and prestigious asset for most of rural residents. The implementation of land policy shows no sign that rural communities were empowered on how land right could lead to a variety of economic opportunities. Both peri-urban and rural areas do not face same challenges. In rural area, right-based principles were applied, but the extent tends to diminish compared to peri-urban one.