Implementation Of Hygiene Research Articles

Prevalence of Salmonella Typhi, its associated factors and antimicrobial susceptibility profile among patients attending Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Hawassa, Ethiopia

IntroductionSalmonella Typhi infections cause significant morbidity and mortality worldwide, especially in developing countries including Ethiopia. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of Salmonella Typhi, its associated factors and antibiotic susceptibility profile among suspected typhoid patients.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted on 270 typhoid fever suspected patients at Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital from June 2022 to September 2022. Data were collected using questionnaires by face-to-face interview. Stool samples for microbiological culture, blood samples for S. Typhi IgM/Entero-check WB rapid test and isolates for antimicrobial susceptibility tests were used through standard procedures and according to the reagents manufactures’ instructions. Hygiene implementation of patients was also assessed using interview. Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of the patient’s were considered. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data, and logistic regression model analysis was performed to assess associations between S. Typhi infection and the associated sociodemographic and clinical factors.ResultsThe prevalence of S. Typhi IgM/Entero-check WB rapid test and stool culture results were 3.3%; (95% CI: 1.5–5.6) and 3.7%; (95% CI: 1.9–6.3) respectively. Not washing hands after latrine [AOR = 0.85, 95% CI (0.15–4.79), p = 0.05] is not significant but, not washing hands before meal [AOR = 0.053, 95% CI (0.08–0.36), p = 0.03], eating raw vegetables [AOR = 0.024, 95% CI (0.001–0.48), p = 0.015] and drinking water from a stream [AOR = 0.12, 95% CI (0.19–0.70), p = 0.001] were significantly associated with S. Typhi infection, but in terms of AOR, all are preventive. Susceptibility of isolates was 9/10 (90%), 8/10 (80%), and 8/10 (80%) to ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone, and chloramphenicol, respectively. The majorities 100% and 80% of the isolates were resistant to ampicillin and cotrimoxazole, respectively. About 40% of the isolates were MDR.ConclusionThe prevalence of Salmonella Typhi with MDR has been observed. Therefore, health programmers and stakeholders should make efforts to improve the habit of sanitation, strengthen the capacity of laboratory diagnostic methods and increase awareness of the misprescription and misuse of antibiotics to reduce the impact of MDR bacteria.

The level of implementation of water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) practices among the public basic schools in Ghana

ABSTRACT Water, sanitation and hygiene practices (WASH) have been a major challenge facing many basic schools in Ghana for many decades. The school authority have made a number of complaints to the Ghana government through the Ministry of Education in relation to the inadequate potable water, sanitation facilities and hygiene practices in basic schools which the government has remained silent on. The aim of this study was to assess the level of implementation of Water, sanitation and hygiene practices in basic schools in the Sunyani East Education Directorate. Both qualitative and quantitative data were collected using questionnaires and interviews. The results indicate that hygiene and sanitation facilities available in schools under study included urinals, toilets, handwashing materials and solid waste disposal facilities. It was revealed that wooden slap pit latrine toilet was present in all schools except Methodist school which has cemented slaps. There were absence of toilet rolls, tap facilities and hand washing soap in all schools visited. The pupils fetched water from neighbouring houses and used it. The study recommends that the Parent-Teacher Association, School Management Committee, District Education Directorate and Ghana Education Service should team up to provide these essential facilities to basic schools in Sunyani East.

Implementation of Hygiene and Sanitation in Novotel Hotel Kitchen, Tangerang

Hygiene is an effort to maintain health with a focus on individual actions and personal care, while sanitation is an effort to maintain the health of the human environment. Good hygiene and sanitation in hotel kitchens is essential to maintain food health and safety, as well as to meet food industry hygiene standards. In a clean and well-maintained kitchen environment, the risk of food contamination can be minimized, preventing food-borne illnesses and ensuring customer satisfaction. This article discusses important practices for maintaining hygiene and sanitation in hotel kitchens, including maintaining equipment cleanliness, waste management, personal hygiene, and staff training. Implementation of strict monitoring and control systems is also necessary to ensure the effectiveness of these efforts in maintaining high standards of hygiene throughout hotel kitchen operations. This research aims to evaluate how cleanliness and sanitation are implemented in the Novotel Tangerang hotel kitchen, including aspects such as personal hygiene, cleanliness and sanitation of the kitchen area, and maintenance of kitchen equipment. The research method used uses descriptive (qualitative) data analysis, using various primary data sources such as observations, interviews, and secondary data such as certificates and log books. Research findings show that even though observations, interviews and document recording have been carried out, cleanliness and sanitation standards in the Novotel hotel kitchen, Tangerang have been fully met. This can be seen from various aspects such as personal hygiene, kitchen sanitation, and cleanliness of kitchen equipment

Prevalence of Entamoeba histolytica/dispar and Giardia lamblia infections and their associated factors among schoolchildren in the Amhara region, Northwest Ethiopia

Globally, intestinal protozoa E. histolytica/dispar and Giardia lamblia are the cause of amoebiasis and giardiasis, respectively. Despite their important medical importance and common occurrence in Ethiopia, they are minimally addressed in terms of their prevalence, sensitive diagnostic methods, and associated risk factors. Infections with E. histolytica/dispar and G. lamblia are often misdiagnosed and underreported in impoverished countries. Thus, the purpose of this study was to ascertain the prevalence of Giardia lamblia and E. histolytica/dispar infections as well as related variables among schoolchildren in the Amhara region. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 844 schoolchildren in the Amhara region from April to December 2019. A stool sample was collected from each study participant and processed via the formol ether concentration technique (FECT) and spontaneous tube sedimentation techniques (STST). Data were entered in EpiData and analysed by SPSS statistical software. The prevalence of E. histolytica and G. lamblia infections using each diagnostic method and composite reference was determined by descriptive statistics. The association of risk factors with E. histolytica/dispar and G. lamblia infections was analysed by logistic regression and variables with p < 0.05 were considered to have statistical significance. From the total, 243 (28.8%) schoolchildren were found to be infected by at least one of E. histolytica/dispar or G. lamblia. The prevalence of E. histolytica/dispar and G. lamblia infections was 201 (23.8%) and 62 (7.3%), respectively. The co-infection prevalence with both E. histolytica/dispar and G. lamblia was 22 (2.6%). The sensitivity (78.6%) and negative predictive value of STST (19.6%) were higher than FECT sensitivity (65.4%) and negative predictive value (13.1%). Children in 10–14 years of age (AOR = 1.66;95%CI: 1.16–2.38), lived in the rural (AOR = 1.97;95%CI: 1.12–3.49), used latrine improperly (AOR = 1.49;95%CI: 1.04–2.13), did not wash hands before meal (AOR = 2.10; 95%CI:1.08–4.10), and after latrine (AOR = 1.51;95%CI: 1.05–2.19), ate unwashed raw vegetables (AOR = 1.85;95%CI:1.26–2.70), and played with soil (AOR = 1.48;95%CI:1.06–2.06) were associated with E. histolytica/dispar and G. lamblia infection. These findings revealed high prevalence of E. histolytica/dispar and G. lamblia infections was high in the Amhara region. Therefore, proper implementation of water, sanitation and hygiene should be advocated at the community and school levels to mitigate the disease burden.

Analysis of Hand Hygiene Knowledge, Compliance, and Influencing Factors Among Psychiatric Healthcare Workers

Objective: To evaluate the knowledge, compliance, and influencing factors of hand hygiene among psychiatric healthcare workers. Methods: 68 healthcare workers who worked in the Department of Psychiatry between September 2023 and May 2024 were selected to assess their knowledge of hand hygiene and compliance by questionnaire as well as to analyze their influencing factors. Results: Knowledge of hand hygiene among healthcare workers was less than 90%, and doctors’ knowledge was lower than that of nurses (P &lt; 0.05). The healthcare workers’ compliance with hand hygiene was lower than 80%, and the adherence of doctors was lower than that of nurses (P &lt; 0.05). Analysis of influencing factors reveals that skepticism about the effectiveness of rapid disinfectants/hand washing, skin irritation from disinfectants/cleaning agents, and busy work schedules with time constraints are the main factors affecting healthcare workers’ compliance with hand hygiene, with P &lt; 0.05 compared with the same group. Conclusion: Psychiatric healthcare workers’ knowledge of hand hygiene as well as compliance with it is low, and there are various factors affecting it, so targeted training is required to strengthen their hand hygiene implementation.

Analysis of the relationship between attitudes, training, and perceptions of food handlers on supervision and the implementation of personal hygiene among food handlers

Background: Poor personal hygiene can affect the cleanliness of food provided to patients. A preliminary study conducted at XX Hospital Nutrition Installation found that five food handlers failed to use complete personal protective equipment (PPE), and two food handlers engaged in conversation while preparing food. This research aims to identify factors influencing the implementation of personal hygiene among food handlers at XX Hospital Nutrition Installation. Method: This quantitative study employed a cross-sectional design from November 2019 to March 2020. The sample included 43 food handlers selected through total sampling. Data analysis utilized SPSS and Chi-square tests. Results: The study indicated that 48.8% of food handlers exhibited inadequate personal hygiene, 41.9% had limited knowledge, 53.5% demonstrated negative attitudes, 60.5% did not receive training, and 51.2% perceived inadequate supervision from their superiors. Significant correlations were observed between knowledge (p=0.004), attitude (p=0.000), training (p=0.000), and perception of supervision (p=0.004) with the implementation of personal hygiene. Conclusion: Attitude, training, and perception of supervision significantly influence the adherence to personal hygiene among food handlers at XX Hospital 's Nutrition Installation. It is recommended that the Nutrition Installation enhance supervision of food handlers' personal hygiene and conduct certified training programs on food hygiene and sanitation. Novelty/Originality: This study provides new insights into the relationship between knowledge, attitudes, training, and perceptions of supervision with implementing personal hygiene in the context of hospital food handlers. The findings suggest that although multiple factors influence individual hygiene, a better training and supervision-based approach can significantly improve compliance with hygiene practices, which is an essential contribution to managing food quality in the hospital environment.

Tingkat Pengetahuan dan Sikap Pada Penerapan Hygiene Perorangan Pengolahan Makanan di Hotel Bumi Senyiur Samarinda

Personal hygiene is an action to maintain cleanliness and health, both physical and psychological. The goal is to maintain cleanliness, prevent contamination of dangerous bacteria from the body to the food being processed, and prevent disease. The aim of this research is to determine the level of knowledge and attitudes of food processing staff regarding the implementation of personal hygiene. This research is survey research, survey research is research that takes samples from a population and uses questionnaires as a data collection tool, one of the uses of survey research is for descriptive purposes. The sample is 12 food processing staff who work at the Bumi Senyiur Samarinda Hotel. Data collection uses questionnaires, questionnaires and observations. Analysis uses descriptive. Based on the results of descriptive analysis research, staff knowledge was 66.7% and staff attitude was 75%. For observation results, food processors got a value of 66.7%. In this way, the researchers found that the level of knowledge and attitudes of food processors at the Bumi Senyiur Samarinda Hotel generally obtained good results

Oral Hygiene With Neutral Electrolyzed Water and Systemic Therapy Increases Gastric Helicobacter pylori Eradication and Reduces Recurrence.

Helicobacter pylori gastricinfection strongly correlates with gastric diseases such as chronic gastritis, functional dyspepsia, and complications such as peptic ulcers and gastric cancer. In developing countries, systemic therapies are not usually successful due to elevated antibiotic resistance. Additionally, oral H. pylori infection and periodontal disease correlate with gastric treatment failures. This study aimed to explore the effect of an integral therapy, comprising oral hygiene and concomitant systemic treatment, to increase the eradication of gastric infection and recurrences. A prospective, randomized, four-arm, parallel-group, open-label clinical trial was conducted to investigate the efficacy of integral therapy to eradicate gastric H. pylori infection and avoid recurrences in double-positive (real-time PCR oral and gastric infection) patients. Oral hygiene involved mouthwash with neutral electrolyzed water (NEW), with or without periodontal treatment.One hundred patients were equally distributed into four groups: NS, NS-PT, NEW, and NEW-PT. All patients had concomitant systemic therapy and additionally, the following oral treatments: mouthwash with normal saline (NS), periodontal treatment and mouthwash with normal saline (NS-PT), mouthwash with NEW (NEW), and periodontal treatment and mouthwash with NEW (NEW-PT). Gastric and oral infection and symptoms were evaluated one and four months after treatments. Integral therapy with NEW-PT increased gastric eradication rates compared with NS or NS-PT (84%-96% vs. 20%-56%; p < 0.001). Even more, a protective effect of 81.2% (RR = 0.1877; 95% CI: 0.0658-0.5355; p = 0.0018) against recurrences and 76.6% (RR = 0.2439; 95% CI: 0.1380-0.4310; p < 0.001) against treatment failure (eradication of infection and associated symptoms) was observed in patients from the NEW and NEW-PT groups. Implementation of oral hygiene and systemic treatment can increase the eradication of gastric infection, associated symptoms, and recurrences. NEW is recommended as an antiseptic mouthwash due to its efficacy and short- and long-term safety.

Enhancing Motivation for Oral Hygiene Implementation among Immobilized Compos Mentis Patients through The Development of a Dental Care Table in Inpatients Settings

Brushing teeth is one way to maintain oral hygiene. Implementation of tooth brushing with oral hygiene protocols in hospitalized patients in addition to avoiding infection can also improve the quality of life of patients during treatment. There are often cases of neglected oral hygiene in hospitalized patients. This is due to the limitation of movement (immobilization) in patients to carry out these activities. Often the appearance of discomfort when using supporting infrastructure in the room such as basins. Dental care table (DCT) is an idea in supporting the implementation of oral hygiene while in bed. Interest in the latest innovations is expected to encourage the motivation of immobilized patients with compost mentis to carry out oral hygiene activities that have been carried out at home. This study aims to determine the description of the motivation for implementing oral hygiene for immobilized patients with kompos mentis in the inpatient installation . This type of research with Research and Development (R&amp;D) and pre-experiment research (Pretest and Posttest group design) with purposive sampling technique obtained 32 respondents. The method of measuring product feasibility uses David Garvin's "Eight Dimensions of Quality" test with 32 questions, while measuring motivation using TSRQ (Treatment Self Regulation Quetionnaire) with 12 questions. At the research stage with information gathering to informants and observation. Followed by designing product builds tailored to the needs and study of patient characteristics according to anthropometric data based on ergonomic principles, then proposed to experts. The next stage is through testing and measuring the feasibility score. The completed product improvement stage is tested again until it is declared feasible. Before the trial on the patient, a measurement of motivation to implement oral hygiene on the patient was carried out to obtain a pretest value of motivation. Then the trial use of the product and finally evaluate the value of the oral hygiene implementation motivation score. The feasibility data analysis technique uses Aiken V and ICC, to test the difference in motivation scores using the Wilcoxon test. The results showed that the Dental care table (DCT) was feasible with a score of 85.16%, with an ICC score of 0.958. Increased motivation to implement oral hygiene for immobilized patients with compost mentis in the inpatient installation from 74.93% to 80.60% with a significance value of 0.046 (p-value &lt;0.005). Immobilized patients with mentis compost have motivation in the strong motivation category, with a motivation score value between 67% - 100%.

Clinical study of cervical caries treatment the effectiveness by assessing composite restorations condition

Background. Cervical caries is a fairly common teeth pathology and its treatment is carried out in complicated clinical conditions. Therefore, increasing the term of functioning of composite restorations is an urgent task. Aim. Identification of the effectiveness of a differential approach to dissection of hard dental tissues depending on the depth of enamel microcracks and implementation of professional hygiene in the treatment of cervical caries in the short- and long-term periods. Materials &amp; Methods. The study involved 50 people (average age [23.28±5.52] years) in whom cervical caries was treated in 72 teeth. All patients were divided into three equal groups based on the number of restorations according to the selected dissection technique and the chara­cteristics of professional hygiene. The dissection technique depended on the depth of the enamel microcracks in Main Group I (MG I), the dissection was carried out within the limits of clinically intact hard dental tissues in Control Group (CG) and Main Group II (MG II). The dental biofilm was removed from the vestibular surface of the teeth by the method of air-abrasive cleaning using the erythritol-based powder in MG I and MG II, the vestibular surface of the tooth was cleaned of dental deposits with a polishing paste without fluoride in CG. The quality of restorations was assessed based on the United States Public Health Service (USPHS) criteria on the day of restoration, 6 and 12 months later. The effectiveness of the prescribed treatment was identified by the dynamic indicators of the dental pulp electroexcitability and the electrical conductivity of the enamel. Results. There were no partial or completely destroyed restorations in all terms of the observation period. Composite restorations were preserved according to the criteria of "anatomical shape" and "color matching". One year later restoration defects were absent in 61 teeth (84.72%): in MG I – in 22 (91.67%), in CG – in 19 (79.17%), in MG II – in 20 (83.33%). Recurrent caries and symptoms of hypersensitivity were not identified in MG I. A slightly greater effectiveness of the treatment was noted in MG II group in comparison with CG (by 4.16%) that confirms the importance of removing the dental biofilm before restoration by the method of air-abrasive clea­ning using erythritol. Conclusions. The analysis of the state of restorations in the long-term period showed that the dissection technique and the features of professional hygiene affected their quality before restoration. The number of high-quality composite restorations was by 10.42% more on average in MG I than in the other groups. The obtained results make it possible to recommend the proposed method for using in practical dentistry. Keywords: electroodontology, electroodontometry, microcracks.

Factors affecting the implementation of labor safety and hygiene in specific enterprises: a case in Vietnam

Factors affecting the implementation of labor safety and hygiene in specific enterprises: a case in Vietnam

PENGENALAN DAN PELATIHAN DIVERSIFIKASI PRODUK HASIL PERIKANAN KEPADA ISTRI NELAYAN DI KENJERAN-SURABAYA

The impoverished economic condition of fishermen is one of reasons that compelling the wives to work and earn extra living for their families. This problem is predominantly occurred in fishermen households in Kenjeran, Surabaya. This impoverished economic condition of fishermen is considerably influenced by the lack of adequate facilities and education related to the processing of diversified fishery commodities. Therefore, in order to help the economy improvement and reduce the poverty level within fishermen households, it is necessary to provide community service which is focusing on giving skill in diversification process of fisheries commodities. This activity aims to provide training and information enrichment related to fishery product processing skills in order to encourage financial independence in fishermen communities. This community service activity was initially began with conducting preliminary survey, which then continued with the training in making products from fisheries commodities. In the counseling process, primary data was taken by conducting interviews to fill out questionnaires. The result of this community service activity showed that the majority of participants already had certain level of understanding toward nutritional information and proper method to make processed fisheries products. The participants of this activity were given information regarding to the utilization of package in protecting and elevating the selling price of fisheries products. The questionnaires evaluation shows that the fishermen wives need further assistance regarding the variety of fish processing method, along with the effective marketing strategy and the proper implementation of sanitation hygiene to make products with high selling price. The Kenjeran fishing community understands the importance of diversifying fishery products. This is an effort to increase the economic value of products as an economic resource for residents.

Hygiene and Sanitation Implementation in Kitchen Aston Jember Hotel &amp; Conference Center

The research on the implementation of hygiene and sanitation in the kitchen of the Aston Jember Hotel &amp; Conference Center is presented in this report. In order to make high-quality cuisine, the author of this scientific paper wishes to know what measures are used to preserve kitchen hygiene and sanitation at the Lekker Restaurant Hotel Aston Jember. The author employs a qualitative descriptive research approach to accomplish this goal, which involves performing observations, interviews, and the use of documentation materials. Additionally, the theory of kitchen hygiene and sanitation is combined with other aspects connected to enhancing the quality of these things. The people with power over matters of sanitation and kitchen hygiene were identified as informants for this study. Data from informants, in the form of written or spoken material, was carefully read again, analyzed, and described.

The Influence of Child Caregivers’ Personal Hygiene and Family Smoking Behavior on Stunting

Background: Stunting is a problem that still occurs in Indonesia. It is a chronic nutritional problem associated with insufficient food intake so that nutritional needs are not fulfilled over a long period. Stunting also can be caused by indirect factors such as environmental and behavioral. Aims: This study aimed to analyze the correlation of child caregivers’ personal hygiene implementation and family smoking behavior on the occurrence of stunting. Methods: This type of research is an analytic survey with a case-control study approach. The number of respondents was 25 cases and 25 controls so the total number of respondents was 50 respondents. Results: The results of the examination found that personal hygiene of caregivers and smoking habits in the families of stunted toddlers were mostly inadequate and there was a smoking habit in the families of stunted toddlers. There is a significant relationship between defecation behaviors and the incidence of stunting with a p-value of 0.02 (&lt;0.05). Based on multivariate analysis, it was found that unqualified defecation behaviors had a 63.3% probability of stunting. Conclusion: There is a significant correlation between defecation behaviors and the occurrence of stunting with a p-value of 0.02 (&lt;0.05). According to multivariate analysis, respondents with defecation behaviors that did not meet the standards had a 4.03 times greater risk of having a child with stunting.

Gender perspective in the implementation of hygiene in cardiology intensive care

IntroductionHygiene in critical patients is an essential daily care, provided under safe conditions, to promote comfort and maintain the integrity of skin and mucous membranes, however, it can generate feelings of dependence and vulnerability in patients.The aim of this post hoc study is to know the differences in satisfaction and lived experience regarding bed hygiene in an intensive care unit according to biological sex and gender perspective. MethodsObservational, descriptive and prospective study in which an ad hoc questionnaire was administered to 148 conscious and oriented patients of legal age. The questionnaire was completed 24−48 hours after admission to the unit, once the initial bed hygiene had been performed. ResultsMales experienced conformism (51%), embarrassment (31%) and relief (9%); Women felt conformism (35.4%), embarrassment (18.8%) and relief (29.2%) (p < 0.05). Women experienced a feeling of cleanliness in 89.1% compared to 56.1% of men (p < 0.05).Men were offered to wash their genitals in 72.9% compared to 35.7% of women (p < 0.05).34.3% of men would prefer a family member to assist them during hygiene (62.9% by their wives), compared to 27.1% of women who would prefer a family member (84.6% by their daughters). ConclusionWomen tolerate bed hygiene better than men and appreciate more the feeling of cleanliness.Women are identified as caregivers, both professionally and in the family, and patients prefer them to collaborate in the performance of hygiene, being wives preferred by men and daughters preferred by women.

Description of food hygiene and sanitation as well as the presence of Salmonella sp bacteria in dumpling snacks sold in the front area of SD Poasia District, Kendari City

Siomay snacks are one of the popular foods among the people in Poasia District, Kendari City. The implementation of hygiene and sanitation among handlers shows that it is still not good, especially in implementing hygiene in processing dumplings, thereby allowing bacterial contamination to occur which causes disease transmission. The 2021 Kendari City Health Service Data Report shows that typhoid fever ranks 9th out of the 10 largest cases with a total of 1,628 cases. The aim of this research is to determine the description of food hygiene and sanitation as well as the presence of Salmonella sp bacteria in dumpling snacks sold in the front area of ​​SD Poasia District, Kendari City in 2023. This research uses a Quantitative Descriptive type of research with a sampling technique using Total Sampling. The results of this research show that of the 10 dumpling samples sold in the front area of ​​the Poasia District Elementary School, Kendari City, there was 1 (10%) dumpling sample that was positive for Salmonella sp bacteria and 9 (90%) dumpling samples were negative for Salmonella sp bacteria. Of the 10 handlers, 4 (40%) of the siomay food handlers did not meet the requirements of RI Minister of Health Decree No. 942/MENKES/SK/VII/2003 and there are 6 (60%) handlers who meet the requirements of the Republic of Indonesia Minister of Health Decree No. 942/MENKES/SK/VII/2003. The conclusion of this research is that in terms of the presence of bacteria, the quality of the siomay food is a small part that does not meet the requirements and in terms of the hygiene and sanitation of the handlers, the majority of it meets the requirements of the Republic of Indonesia Minister of Health Decree No. 942/MENKES/SK/VII/2003 concerning Sanitary Hygiene for Snack Foods. The suggestion from this research is for handlers to further improve the application of sanitary hygiene in processing dumplings.

Analysis of water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) implementation based on GEDSI and climate resilience in Kupang City

This paper provides an overview of WASH implementation, GEDSI, and climate resilience in Kupang City, revealing significant gaps. These gaps include the absence of a monitoring mechanism due to a lack of consensus among local bureaucracies (OPD) concerning community-based total sanitation (STBM) and inadequate budget allocation for monitoring. Additionally, there is a lack of integration between program implementation and existing Urban Sanitation Strategy (SSK) documents, posing an additional challenge to effective STBM execution. Qualitative methodologies, such as key informant interviews and focus group discussions, were employed to engage with key stakeholders, including city government representatives, local leaders, and community youth organizations. The analysis emphasizes Kupang City’s efforts in STBM implementation, persistent deficiencies in sanitation management at the urban village level, and ongoing challenges in raising community awareness about proper sanitation practices. Recurring climate vulnerabilities affecting infrastructure and the local population have led to the development of Regional Action Plans for Climate Change Adaptation and Disaster Risk Reduction (RAD API-PRB). Vulnerability during disasters primarily impacts women and children, underscoring the importance of gender equality within households and across all WASH and climate change activities. The absence of youth involvement highlights the need for comprehensive collaboration among stakeholders. Follow-up recommendations align with the SDG 6 Global Acceleration Framework, focusing on data, financing, governance, innovation, capacity building, community participation, and elements related to GEDSI.

Reduction in diarrhea cases following implementation of COVID-19 hand hygiene interventions in Ghana: A causal impact analysis.

The human hand has constant contact with the environment, hence requires regular hand hygiene. Hand hygiene has gained recognition because of the COVID-19 pandemic and is a largely effective, affordable preventive measure against infectious diseases. This study used both national and sub-national analyses to evaluate the effect of COVID-19 handwashing guidelines on instances of diarrhea in Ghana. Data on diarrhea cases spanning February 2018 and March 2022 were retrieved from the District Health Information Management System (DHIMS 2) using a data extraction guide. The data were summarized using descriptive statistics. The difference in diarrhea cases between the pre-COVID-19 and COVID-19 periods was measured using a two-sample t-test across Ghana's 16 administrative areas. Causal Impact package in R statistical software was employed to determine the impact of the introduction of COVID-19 hand hygiene protocols on diarrheal disease. A total of 5,645,533 diarrheal cases reported between February 2018 and March 2022 through the routine MIS (DHIMS2) were examined. Fifty-three percent of the cases occurred before the introduction of the hand hygiene protocol. Descriptive statistics indicated a statistically significant decrease in average diarrheal cases during the hand hygiene implementation era (13,463 cases reduction, p<0.001). Sub-national analyses revealed significant reductions in various regions: Greater Accra, Ashanti, Ahafo, Central, Eastern, Northern, Upper East, Upper West, and Volta (p<0.05). Causal impact analysis confirmed 11.0% nationwide reduction in diarrheal cases attributed to the COVID-19 hand hygiene protocols (p<0.001). This study underscores the effectiveness of COVID-19 hand hygiene protocols in reducing diarrheal morbidity in Ghana, with varying regional impacts. These findings advocate for the sustenance of investments and commitments made at the COVID hand hygiene protocols, particularly in this era where the pandemic appears controlled.

Pendidikan Kesehatan Penjamah Makanan: Penyuluhan Higiene Menggunakan Booklet Di Masa Endemi Covid-19

SARS-Cov-2 is a new virus that causes respiratory diseases that can cause respiratory system disorders, acute pneumonia, and death. The COVID-19 endemic continues to show positive things towards the endemic. The step to prevent COVID-19 is to convey information to the public regarding the prevention of COVID-19. The importance of hygiene in food handlers so that safe food is served is the focus of the implementation of Community Service activities. Hygiene implementation behavior is supported by nutritional knowledge, attitudes or behavior of the handler starting from the preparation, cleaning, processing, transportation to serving to consumers. Booklets as a health education communication medium can increase the average knowledge and nutritional attitudes of the handler towards the implementation of institutional food hygiene. Community service through a community partnership program was carried out through counseling and simulations using booklet media in Batu Merah Village as an effort to implement food handler hygiene during the Covid-19 endemic period. The counseling participants were food handlers at the Batu Merah Village Institutional Food Site, totaling 50 people. This activity adds insight into the thinking of participants regarding the application of hygiene, and through simulations the handlers can realize hygiene practices and be applied every day at food service institutions.&#x0D; &#x0D; Keywords: Hygiene, Booklet, Food Handlers, Covid-19 Endemic

ANALISIS CEMARAN MIKROBIOLOGI BEBERAPA ASPEK PRODUKSI PADA PEDAGANG PENYEDIA MAKANAN DI SEKITAR KAMPUS UNIVERSITAS BUMIGORA MATARAM

Most health problems by food are caused by contamination of microorganisms. This contamination can due because cleanliness or improper implementation of sanitation and hygiene. The aim of this research is to identify microorganism contamination in the production aspects of food traders around the Campus of Bumigora University Mataram. Total microbial testing was carried out using the Total Plate Count (TPC) method for air, table, floor, equipment and water samples. Another method for testing coliforms in water use the principle of the Most Probably Number (MPN) method. The observation results show that the environmental quality as seen from the total microbes in the air is below the threshold, namely &lt;700 col/m3, so it is said to be still safe. Meanwhile, table, floor and equipment samples showed that the total number of microbes was high enough to exceed the required threshold, especially those related to eating utensils such as plates, glasses and spoons. The total microbial test in the water sources used by the three traders showed that the two water sources used contained microbial colonies which were tested via TPC with colony numbers ranging from 87.7 – 99 x 10-5 CFU/ml. The results of the coliform estimation test using the MPN method principle showed that there was no suspicion of any coliform bacteria contamination in the two water samples, which indicated that both water sources also met the clean water requirements according to Minister of Health Regulation No. 492 of 2010.