Implementation Of Human Rights Research Articles

Daju li ljudska prava mogućnost za osnaživanje društveno osjetljivih grupa u socijalnom radu u Republici Srpskoj?

Vulnerable groups represent special categories that are in a higher risk of being socially excluded, vulnerable and sensitive to spectrum of risks, including poverty. Disabled persons, children, youngsters, women, elders, victims/survivors of violence, illiterate people, people living in rural areas, members of certain minority groups, refugees and displaced persons, members of LGBTIQ+ communities etc, are considered to be vulnerable. Human rights as a universal concept are guaranteed by the Constitution of Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH), which guarantees the implementation of human rights for all citizens of BiH. The obligation to implement the international documents that secure the standards, obliging the state to enforce guaranteed human rights is also anticipated by the Constitution. Human rights are the foundation and the framework for social work and social policy when it comes to working with and in favour of vulnerable groups, however, in reality of social work practice, these groups remain on the margins of society. This article focuses on possibilities of social work in helping vulnerable groups to move from the margins of society. The article represents the results of the analysis conducted on gathered relevant documents that include information regarding the current state and processes, status and changes regarding the vulnerable groups' human rights enforcement in Republic of Srpska. The theoretical framework used for understanding and trying to search for possible answers to the defined question is underpinned by the critical social work perspectives. The content analysis was used as an independent theoretical-empirical method when research on relevant documents was conducted.

Deported peoples of East Kazakhstan under the conditions of the special settlement regime

Studying the issues of forced resettlement of peoples in the USSR in the 1940s, using the example of the German and Chechen populations, their habitation in special settlement areas in the territory of Eastern Kazakhstan, and the legal status of the deported peoples, represents a pertinent historical task. The aim of the article is to elucidate the process of deportation and the living conditions of the deported ethnic groups during the wartime and post-war periods in the eastern region of Kazakhstan. Special attention is given to the analysis of the resettlement and living conditions of the special settlers, as well as the issue of their material provision. The formation of a so-called "labor army" from the special settlers is examined, where they were treated as prisoners and utilized by the state during wartime as a mobile and inexpensive workforce. The implementation of human rights and freedoms within the context of the special settlement population is analyzed. The authors have examined documents from the Documentation Center of the modern history of the Abai region and the State Archive of the East Kazakhstan Region, which has allowed for the expansion of the research aspects related to the lives of the deported population within the special settlement system.

Human Rights and Democracy in Islamic Perspective

The purpose of this study is to clarify Islamic perspectives on human rights and democracy. The research method employed is a literature study with a qualitative approach that is examined using content analysis. The results of the research show that, within certain limits, Islam upholds the implementation of human rights that must be obtained by everyone. In Islam, there are concepts of al-usia al-daruriyah (human needs) and al-usia al-hajjiyah (human interests) that humans must fulfill and defend, such as the right to life (hifz al-nafs), the right to religious freedom (hifz al-din), the right to free thought (hifz al-'aql), property rights (hifz al-mal), and the right to have offspring (hifz al-nasl). Likewise, with democracy, Islam upholds democratic principles such as al-musawah (egalitarianism), al-hurriyah (independence), al-ukhuwwah (brotherhood), al-Jadi (justice), and al-syura (deliberation). Even these principles are in line with the basic concepts of Islamic teachings to a certain extent, even though in practice, not all such democracies are justified. The parameters of democracy (including the concept of human rights) are that it is accepted by Islam as long as it does not contradict the essential principles of Islam.

The Comparative Law on the Distribution of Power in the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia and the Constitution of the Republic Timor Leste

The research purposes is to explain the comparison of the legal division of powers in the constitution in the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia and in the Constitution of the Republic Democratic Timor Leste. The division of powers within a country, both in Indonesia and in Timor Leste, are stipulates in a constitution, in this case a state that protects and guarantees the implementation of human rights and other civil rights and limits its powers in a balanced manner between the interests of state administrators and their citizens. The research method used in this study was normative legal research. In addition, this research also applied comparative legal research method is a research methodology carried out by comparing one legal system to another, an activity in which experts compare the positive legal system of a nation to that of other nations. In this case, legal comparison of Indonesia and Timor Leste. The novelty of this research is to examine and analyze comparative law on the distribution of power in the constitutions of Indonesia and Timor Leste, it can be explained that there is a difference in the division of power. In Indonesia there is constitutive power, executive power, legislative power, judicial power, examining/inspective power, and monetary power, while in Timor Leste it is based on the constitution of the Democratic Republic of Timor Leste division of power consisting of the power of the president, the power of the national parliament, the power of the government and the power of the court.

'Nordic Religious Freedom Paradox'?

Major research initiatives like the Religion and Politics project (RAS) lead by Jonathan Fox and the Pew Research Institute’s series on Government Restrictions have, in recent years, produced major data sets measuring the state of religious regulation and restrictions globally. These data sets, however, challenge the image of the Nordic countries as frontrunners in regard to freedom of religion or belief. Some scholars have however suggested the existence of the socalled Nordic the Nordic Human Rights Paradox, i.e. that while promoting humans rights globally, the implementation of human rights at home is not very convincing. This paper presents the two data sets and analyses the specific codings for the Nordic countries. The argument presented is that while the data in some cases points to the existence of a Nordic Human Rights Paradox in relation to freedom of religion and belief, there are also discrepancies between the way freedom of religion and belief has been operationalized by the two projects and the realities of religious lives in the Nordic countries.

KRITIK GLOBALISASI: MARAKNYA KONTEN LGBT DALAM MEDIA SOSIAL TIKTOK MENURUT AGAMA DAN HAM

Globalization was initially considered to have a positive impact on society in various fields of life. But in reality, globalization also has an impact that affects the mindset, behavior, and socio-cultural life of the community. TikTok is a social media that is loved by the people of Indonesia. One of the things that has shocked TikTok social media is the rise of LGBT content. The presence of LGBT content raises various views and influences for TikTok social media users. This study uses a descriptive qualitative method that provides a description, describes, explains, or describes a complex situation. Data collection techniques in this study used online questionnaires and used books, journal articles and other literatures that were coherent with the objects of discussion. Based on the results of the study, it was found that the rise of LGBT content or the content of LGBT creators will affect the mindset of the community that LGBT is not a deviant behavior and will be normalized. If LGBT behavior is normalized, it will damage the social order of society and threaten the existence of human existence itself. In religious teachings, both Islam and Christianity strongly oppose LGBT behavior. Meanwhile, in human rights, the implementation of human rights must be in accordance with the values ??of Pancasila and the law in Indonesia. The fulfillment of rights will always be limited by the rights of others as well. So the behavior of LGBT is very contrary to the values ??of Pancasila

RULE OF LAW AND PARLIAMENTARISM: CORRELATION THROUGH THE PRISM OF CONSTITUTIONAL LEGAL THEORY

The article deals with modern problems of perception and implementation of the basic principle of therule of law through correlation with the constitutional and legal concept of parliamentarism, proposed as alever to improve the efficiency of lawmaking procedures and the formation of an internally stable and fairstate mechanism. Attention is drawn to the practical difficulties of comparing the terms under consideration,associated with different national perceptions of the concept of the rule of law; with the debatable definitionof the justice of the law; with the presence of an often subtle difference between the legal force of a law anda by-law; with the intrusion of the judiciary and executive power into the prerogatives of the legislator; withthe processes of globalization, putting supranational bodies above parliaments; with chaos, inconsistency,irrationality and a significant amount of legal norms, as well as a variety of areas of legal regulation in themodern state. At the same time, the article notes positive trends in the convergence of legal structures ofthe rule of law and parliamentarism, associated with the emergence of legal levers to ensure the reality ofthe rule of law (law), including constitutional justice, supranational bodies; awareness of the inextricablerelationship between the rule of law and the implementation of human rights, the separation of powers,the accessibility and fairness of the court, the responsibility of the authorities; posing the question of theeffectiveness of legislation.

Ambivalensi Demokrasi Di Indonesia Terhadap Kebebasan Berpendapat (Analisis Pasal 28 Uud 1945

: Democracy is a form of government system that has the nature of freedom of every citizen to maintain, regulate and protect from coercion of the body entrusted to govern. The problems in this thesis are (1) How is the ambivalence of democracy in Indonesia towards freedom of expression? (2) How is Article 28 of the 1945 Constitution applied to the ambivalence of democracy in Indonesia? This type of research is literature research using references from books on democracy, Islamic views on the ambivalence of democracy and the 1945 Constitution which discusses the implementation of democracy in Indonesia. The data collection technique used is to collect historical data on democracy in Indonesia from books that discuss the implementation of democracy by using hiztoris theory analysis up to the present time. The results of the research are that the application of Pancasila democracy is a bridge for the community to be able to convey what is a complaint in social life, as regulated in Article 28 of the 1945 Constitution is that everyone has the right to freedom of association, assembly, and expression of opinion as referred to in one form of the implementation of human rights in the 1945 Constitution. The implementation of democracy should be more aware of the government in the country so that democratic ambivalence can be prevented and become an important role for the running of democracy, the existence of democracy is a bridge for conveying people's aspirations as freedom of opinion and legal protection influential in the Indonesian constitutional structure and its role is very important in advancing the Indonesian nation.

Kota Tua Jakarta Revitalization: An Effort to Embody Human Rights City in Railways Track's Vicinity During the Covid-19 Pandemic

Kota Tua area in West Jakarta, especially around the railroad tracks, is still inhabited by the poor of Jakarta. The cultural heritage-based revitalization of the Kota Tua Jakarta Area essentially requires the residents who live in the vicinity of the railway line area to be relocated to a safer place which will certainly have an impact on the surrounding residents. This study discusses whether Governor’s Regulation No. 36/2014 is in line with the Gwangju Declaration in realizing the revitalization of the Kota Tua Jakarta area. Also, how is the fulfillment of the right to housing around the railroad tracks related to preventthe spread of COVID-19 in the Kota Tua Jakarta area? Hence, this can be answered through the urgency and priority scale of human rights implementation in the Kota Tua Jakarta Area, specifically in the vicinity of the railroads track, including during the outbreak of Covid-19. This research is a normative juridical with qualitative analysis of the legal norms of national legislation related to the implementation of human rights. The analysis is qualitative, and based on a systematic literature review over scientific journal database. The results of this research show that the protection of human rights for the residents living in the vicinity of the railway line is still not fully implemented. For this reason, it is necessary to implement regulations to ensure respect and guaranteed human rights to the residents, especially the right to health, the right to education, the right to food, including the right to a healthy environment.
 Keywords: Kota Tua Jakarta, revitalization, human rights city

Successful Human Rights Implementation? Victims of Crime and the Swedish Example

ABSTRACT Consideration of victims and how best to acknowledge their rights and position in the criminal prosecution process has become an intrinsic part of the drafting and negotiation of new international criminal law instruments. In studies of states’ implementation of international victims’ rights, Sweden often places at the top of the class. This article challenges the concept of successful implementation of human rights norms by critically analysing the conformity of Swedish law with international legal obligations towards victims of crime. It further contributes to existing literature describing the factors that may facilitate or obstruct such implementation, and demonstrates that Sweden’s position as a model of successful implementation is more the result of the historical position given to victims of crime in the country than of its commitment to live up to its international obligations. The article also raises doubt as to the Swedish government’s commitment to assuring that Swedish national law upholds its present conformity with international law norms, protecting victims into the future.

The Appearance and Implementation of Human Rights

The European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms has created an international monitoring mechanism in addition to national mechanisms

The Crisis of Democracy and the Problem of Democratic Peace

The author analyzes three waves of the crisis of democracy during the 20th and early 21st centuries. The first crisis of democracy in the early 20th century is caused by the emergence and development of public politics, which challenged the possibility to govern the masses having conflict potential, it balanced the power of the people and universal suffrage with the control of the media in order to maintain the stability of political system. The second wave of the crisis of democracy (the last third of the 20th century) is associated with the destruction of the conventional world and the weakening of the nation-state; and its markers were: the imbalance between the branches of government, the domination of economics over politics, the predominance of equality over freedom, the problematic implementation of human rights, and, as a consequence, the inability to put into practice the national form of democracy. The third wave of crisis (early the 21st century) is accompanied by the transformation of democracy into post-democracy, in which the power of the people is replaced by the power of global capital, and the illusion of consent is reinforced by the prohibition of alternative points of view and the narrowing of the space of issues allowed for discussion in the name of public security. The crisis of the policy to achieve peace through the transformation of the balance of powers into a balance of interests called into question the principles of democracy. On the contrary, post-democracies justify the use of force to spread democracy around the world, and they take an active part in contemporary military conflicts, which can rightly be defined as hybrid proxy wars. Drawing on J. Habermas’s concept of communicative rationality, the author concludes that to overcome the crisis of democracy it is necessary to accept the very possibility of an alternative to this form of government and allow to discuss these previously marginalized issues as well as to maintain the return of the majority to genuine communication and politics, contribute to its enlightenment.

Regulatory principles of public administration in the field of state and regional environmental policy as part of the strategy for sustainable development of Ukraine

The purpose of the scientific article is to identify the administrative and legal foundations of public administration in the field of environmental policy, and to determine the directions of its development at the present stage. Main content. Theauthors of the article established that the principles of public administration in the implementation of state and autonomous environmental policy must meet the requirements of: accessibility, timeliness and reliability of environmental information; as well as ensure the accountability of executive bodies and bodies of local self-government. The research used general and special scientific methods, the main of which are: abstract-logical, deductive, inductive, historical, modeling and forecasting, systemic-structural, systemic and functional, economic-statistical (grouping and comparison) methods of analysis. As a conclusion, the authors argued that the priority areas of public administration reform, in the implementation of state and regional environmentalpolicy, include the feasibility of creating and operating a special information service, the content of which is the implementation of human rights to a safe environment, favorable environment and quality.

Miasta praw człowieka. Idea a praktyka działania wybranych polskich miast w obszarze praw człowieka

Human Rights Cities. Idea versus Practice of the Selected Polish Cities in the Field of Human Rights This article deals with a new development in the field of implementation and protection of human rights: the Human Rights Cities. The paper seeks to answer the research question, whether this development occurs also in Poland. To answer this question, an empirical study was conducted with the participation of 40 Polish cities with more than 100,000 inhabitants. This study enables to categorized Polish cities, that were subject of the study, according to their level of involvement in the implementation of human rights. The leading local Polish governments, which can be labeled as a human rights cities, were identified. These cities account for nearly a third of the cities surveyed.

Access to information about the activities of the Security Service of Ukraine in the context of countering disinformation

Rapid globalization and informatization of everyday processes, mass use of Internet resources and social networks contribute to the uncontrolled spread of disinformation. A general analysis of the concept of disinformation was carried out, its various interpretations were considered, and it was highlighted in broad and narrow understandings. The measures implemented by Ukraine to combat this dangerous phenomenon are outlined. Separate characteristics of the concept of “disinformation” are provided. On the example of the Security Service of Ukraine, the peculiarities of citizens' access to information about its activities are considered, the possibility of using mechanisms of access to public information in the context of countering disinformation about the state body is investigated. Thus, the role of timely and high-quality filling of official web resources of authorities, in particular the Security Service of Ukraine, was considered. It has been proven that the sites are official sources of reliable information about the work of state bodies, which is why they most often become the object of cyber attacks. The effectiveness of speeches in the mass media, control over the work of electronic mailboxes, as well as the peculiarities of official publications in social networks were analyzed. An overview of the official pages of the Security Service of Ukraine was carried out, and the information posted there was analyzed. The issue of access to public information through the provision of answers to requests was studied, the list of features of the realization of the right to information in wartime was analyzed. Since operational access to public information (via official websites, social networks) that is of significant public interest and is, in particular, related to the implementation of human rights to life, health, freedom and safety (about accidents, disasters and other extraordinary events, that have happened or may happen and threaten the safety of citizens) is important in wartime conditions, then any restrictions by the state bodies on the constitutional right of citizens to send individual or collective appeals and receive a response are inadmissible. The importance of the research lies in its universality and the possibility of practical use of the analysis results to improve the effectiveness of the work to counter disinformation of other state authorities.

Abuse of Human Rights in The Neoliberal World Order: The Case of Israel Palestine Conflict

The rights which are entitled to human beings, are crucial for their existence and are formulated with the intention of safeguarding their life, personal liberty and dignity are referred to as human rights. The traditional notion of human rights and security perceived them as antithetical and separate concepts whereas the current idea propagates the interlinkage between the two and highlights the need to preserve human rights in order to enforce security. Neoliberalism seeks to reduce the role of the state including to diminish its social and welfare responsibilities which affects the protection and implementation of human rights. Thus, a pertinent question is raised: What aspects of neoliberalism are abusive of human rights in the contemporary international structure? This paper takes up the case study of the Israel-Palestine conflict, which dates back to the nineteenth century and analyses it from the perspective of human rights conservation. Israel refuses to give the status of ‘rightful sovereigns’ to the Palestinians residing in the West Bank and Gaza and therefore, believes that they are not entitled to any protection bestowed by the international humanitarian laws. This research further takes into account the aspect of human rights in the U.S. policies concerning Israel. The U.S. has been projecting itself as the torchbearer of liberalism and individual rights in the contemporary neoliberal world order. Yet, it provides military and economic support to Israel and virtually remains silent in its wrongful claims over Palestinian territories. The contemporary world order has seen different countries adopting rightist policies, excluding regional identities and promoting the concept of a homogenized society. The abuse of human rights which these circumstances bring about become equally pertinent as the newest threat to individual security and consequently affects the international socio-political domain.

INSTITUTE OF THE COMMISSIONER FOR HUMAN RIGHTS IN KAZAKHSTAN (immersive approach to lawmaking)

The article was prepared in connection with the renewal of the current legislature of Kazakhstan: Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated December 29, 2021 №. 90-VII “On the Commissioner for Human Rights in the Republic of Kazakhstan”; Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated December 29, 2021 №. 92-VII "On amendments and additions to the Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan on administrative offenses on the activities of the Commissioner for Human Rights in the Republic of Kazakhstan"; Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated December 29, 2021 №. 91-VII “On amendments and additions to certain legislative acts of the Republic of Kazakhstan on the activities of the Commissioner for Human Rights in the Republic of Kazakhstan”; The Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated December 29, 2021 No. 93-VII “On making additions to the Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan “On taxes and other obligatory payments to the budget” (Tax Code) on the activities of the Commissioner for Human Rights in the Republic of Kazakhstan” The main emphasis in this article was made on the analysis of the main conceptual, unresolved issues of the current legislation in relation to existing institutions and mechanisms for ensuring human rights and freedoms. The authors of the article unanimously come to the conclusion that the adoption of the Ombudsman into the current national legislation marks a new (first) stage in the qualitative development of mechanisms for protecting human rights and freedoms. At the same time, certain aspects of the interaction of the Commissioner for Human Rights with other institutions and mechanisms for the protection of human rights and freedoms will further form the need for the next wave of legislative clarifications, which is part of the inevitable process of improving guarantees for the full implementation of human rights in the Republic of Kazakhstan.

Citizenship education and citizenship competence formation: development trends in international and Russian educational practice

Introduction. The relevance of the study is due to the instability of meaning-forming ideals, the search for identity by young people (including the citizenship one), the change in values in public and individual consciousness amidst ongoing social challenges and major socio-political transformations. In this regard, the key focus of this study is aimed at identifying trends and strategies for the citizenship development, fresh approaches to the citizenship education implementation, as well as the best social practices for the citizenship competence formation among young people in the international and Russian context. Materials and methods. The methodological basis of the study was formed by the provisions terms of the concepts of the Global citizenship education (UNESCO) program and the Russian Federal project “Patriotic education for the citizens of the Russian Federation 2021-2024”, as well as the system-activity and competence-based approaches. As the principal research method, we applied the comparative analysis of recent scientific literature on the problem of the citizenship formation and the citizenship education implementation. The results of the study. The study of international social and educational practice made it possible to distinguish the following features of the citizenship competence development: the transition from readiness to activity itself; the encouragement of initiative, individuality and equality in a society; the assistance to young people in active participation in the life of a society, not in the “foreseeable future”, but now; education for global citizenship and democracy; the study and implementation of human rights and duties; cross-cultural dialogue and multiculturalism, social action and responsibility. In the Russian research and educational discourse, we distinguish the following issues: psychological determinants of the citizenship formation of a personality; citizenship as an integral trait of a person; civic-patriotic attitudes representation in young people’s minds, value orientations and patriotic self-determination. Discussion and conclusion. The presented review through the comparative analysis on the problem of the citizenship formation and the citizenship education implementation enabled us to specify the citizenship competence structure, taking into account the most effective international social and educational practices. The structure of citizenship competence consists of the following interrelated components, reflecting promising avenues in the framework of citizenship education: legal, political, cultural and historical, socio-communicative, environmental-geographical and health-preserving.

Legal guarantees of equality in Ukraine: individual issues of implementation

The article reveals the general characteristics of the content of legal guarantees of equality in Ukraine. The relevance of the publication is due to the need to develop effective mechanisms to counteract discrimination, to prevent cases of unequal treatment of certain persons, depending on certain signs and circumstances. The purpose of the article was to establish the content of general means provided for in the legislation to ensure equality of rights and freedoms of citizens, to form conclusions aimed at compliance with international standards for ensuring the proper implementation of human rights, in particular during criminal proceedings. The prerequisites for the formation of this goal were modern problems that arise in ensuring the rights and freedoms of individuals. The work was carried out on the basis of the use of general scientific and special methods of scientific knowledge. Among the general scientific methods, in particular, the system-structural method, the method of functional analysis were used, among the special ones – formal-legal, logical-procedural methods, the method of Comparative Law. The main legislative norms related to the topic of publication are analyzed. The paper proves that the formation and reflection of the idea of equality in the normative legal acts of our country was influenced by the provisions of the Universal Declaration of human rights, the convention for the protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms, the International Covenant on civil and political rights, and other international documents.
 The disclosure of the content of legal guarantees on equality, enshrined in the legislation of our country, prompted the formation of such conclusions:
 - the main ideas of equality are reflected in Articles 21 and 24 of the Constitution of Ukraine and other legislative acts – in particular, the civil, criminal and criminal procedure codes;
 - in Ukraine, the regulation of general provisions on equality between people took place in compliance with international standards in the field of ensuring individual rights and freedoms. Since 1948, the Universal Declaration of human rights and other international legal acts have had and continue to have a significant impact on this process;
 - any features of criminal proceedings, if they are not aimed at eliminating legal or factual inequality in opportunities for a person or group of persons, have signs of discrimination.

CORONAVIRUS WORLDWIDE PROLIFERATION: MORTALITIES DURING THE FIRST AND SECOND WAVE OF CORONA

The coronavirus has jeopardized the life of human creatures worldwide. Its vulnerability has instigated health and financial debacle consequentially has agitated international relations. Many medicinal and health care challenges have been suffered by several states that not only deteriorated standards of health but quivered the stability of highest attainable standards of health. The study elucidates causes of these challenges and their emancipation in the light of the implementation of Human Rights. The article also scrutinizes whether China is responsible for spread of Coronavirus under International Law or if International Law has the power to impose liability on China for the spread of the pandemic. For that purpose, this piece reads the relevant provision of International Law. The article quantitatively explores research articles, various reports, and case laws. This quantitative research contributes that whenever the international law protocols will be violated aftermath of it would be devastating. In this way, the deaths caused that is the aftermath of the worldwide proliferation of Corona during the first and second waves of Corona are thoroughly studied.