Implementation Of Human Rights Research Articles

Researching the social aspects of dementia from a social work perspective

The issues associated with dementia are challenging for social workers, who have a lot of direct contact with people with dementia, as well as their support networks. These networks play a key role in the care of people with dementia. Social workers differ from other professionals in that they are aware of the urgency of attending to social justice, as well as the implementation of human rights, participation and equality. Recognising the experiences of people with dementia is of paramount relevance to social work, as it provides insight into their needs and the aptness of existing forms of assistance in responding to their needs. Through this approach, those working in social work strive to find new forms of help to enable people with dementia to live independently in their community. It is important to find ways to involve people with dementia as active co-creators in the helping process and in exploring the social perspectives of dementia. In the present paper, we present the literature review on experience of researching dementia from a social work perspective in Slovenia and Croatia—two countries with similarities in the development of social work and its research. The inclusion of people with Alzheimer's disease or dementia in research is very complex. Both professionals working with people with dementia (formal caregivers) and family members (mostly informal caregivers) face various difficulties and pressures. It is therefore important to consider research ethics and respect existing legal frameworks and informed consent. An individualised approach should be used to include people with dementia in research to meet their need for personal worth and dignity (despite numerous mental and functional deficits). Ultimately, all research should strive to determine the true situation of people with dementia and their needs, with the aim of using and developing their remaining abilities to improve the quality of life for both those people and those who provide care for them.

Frontrunners vs Free Riders? Mapping the Institutional Implementation of Human Rights Due Diligence in France and the Netherlands

Frontrunners vs Free Riders? Mapping the Institutional Implementation of Human Rights Due Diligence in France and the Netherlands

An International Human Rights Law Perspective on The Impact of Digitalization on The Alevi Community

The digitalization of law is occurring at an accelerated pace due to advancements in technology and the influence of the internet. This digitalization has brought about a significant transformation in the acquisition and diffusion of legal information and instruments, presenting both benefits and obstacles, particularly in the field of international human rights law. Comprehending the impact of digitalization on human rights is of utmost importance for populations such as the Alevis in Turkey, who are currently enduring violations of their fundamental rights. This is because technological advancements and their implications for human rights law play a vital role in ensuring the safeguarding and implementation of human rights while also potentially enabling tangible breaches of these rights. The European Court of Human Rights has often ruled in favor of Alevis in cases involving human rights breaches. However, the advent of digitalization brings up a new realm for Alevis’ human rights issues, since they may face distinct challenges arising from the digitalization of human rights. There are advantages to the digitalization of human rights law for Alevis, particularly in terms of enhanced accessibility to legal materials, while also having disadvantages, e.g., online hate speeches and low digital literacy, and facing potential obstacles such as bias in artificial intelligence (AI) systems. Digital platforms are also significant in safeguarding Alevi cultural rights and enabling the establishment of an understanding of being a community among Alevis via the use of internet platforms. In the era of digitalization of law, while Alevis comprehend their human rights and freedoms, they also use online platforms for activism. This article offers a thorough examination of the consequences of the digitalization of international human rights law for the Alevi population. It specifically focuses on the advantages and disadvantages associated with this phenomenon.

Legal framework for the prevention of torture: national and international levels

The article examines the global problems of our time related to the implementation and protection of human and civil rights and freedoms in Ukraine. The authors conducted a comprehensive analysis of national legislation and international treaties that influence the implementation of human rights. It is established that the European integration path chosen by Ukraine and the desire to implement the assistance of our state in the world and European communities requires the harmonization of national legislation in accordance with the provisions of international legal acts. The article defines that the topic of prevention and avoidance of torture, as well as other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, is becoming relevant in the current conditions. In addition, the study focused on normative legal acts, based on which the relevant state bodies, organizations, institutions, and public formations should carry out their activities to prevent these illegal acts. In Ukraine, the problem of ensuring human rights and freedoms in the current conditions is of particular importance, because the institution of restriction of human rights and freedoms, since the military invasion of the russian federation, occupies a prominent place among other legal institutions. Examples of judicial practice of the European Court of human rights in the field of protection from torture are described and analyzed. The authors have shown that the right to prohibit torture, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, is a basic international standard and is recognized as a crime by the entire civilized international community. The article analyzes international legal instruments, provisions of the Constitution of Ukraine and domestic legislation for their compliance with international treaties in this aspect.

Foreign Fighters in the Ukrainian Armed Conflict: An International Humanitarian Law Perspective

This study discusses foreign fighters who take part in the Ukrainian armed conflict. The aim of this study is to know about the history of the armed conflict of Ukraine, study the relevance of International Humanitarian Law to foreign fighters, and study the implementation of Human Rights obtained by foreign fighters based on International Humanitarian Law. The used is juridical-normative legal research or also called document research with secondary data as the main source. Researchers conduct legislative studies to see synchronization between legislation. Data were collected using literature review techniques, such as perusing, analyzing, and drawing conclusions from relevant documents. The results of this study conclude, first, the history of the Ukrainian armed conflict starting from the independence of Ukraine and culminating in the Russian special military operation that occurred on February 24, 2022. Second, the relevance of international humanitarian law to foreign fighters has no specific definition describing foreign fighters and only foreign terrorist fighters. Third, the implementation of human rights against foreign fighters is an inviolable or inalienable human right. However, in its implementation there are still many violations that occur in the armed conflict of Ukraine. Several methods are needed to overcome this problem, namely, the need to increase understanding and awareness regarding IHL and human rights, especially for foreign fighters, to all parties and, make policy recommendations regarding clarity of understanding for foreign fighters, which can then be used as a guide for policymakers and practitioners to increase the certainty of humanitarian protection for foreign fighters.

Light at the End of the Tunnel: Mining Justice and Health

The mining industry provides valuable mined commodities and financial support for communities worldwide. Mining has become safer for workers. Significant injustices, however, are created by mining companies for workers, local communities and the environment. Mining workers are amongst the world’s most vulnerable because of the dangerous nature of their work, inherent health risks, and problematic, neo-colonial ways in which the industry is governed. Given the scope of these problems, solutions are often challenging, yet this article proposes various responses to global mining inequities. In this article, examples of safe and adequately compensated programs to improve workers’ rights, environmental impacts, and social conditions related to mining will be discussed. Here, solutions to some problems caused by mining are examined, with a focus on workers’ health and human rights through unions and cooperatives, targeted programs for improving mental well-being, the feminization of the mining workforce; the possibility of reducing demand for mining products through reuse and reducing consumption. Ameriolating mining governance is key, through enhanced implementation of human rights, safety, and labor standards, specifically applying the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) to mining issues; mining justice organizations play a vital role, particularly in accountability and publicity of mining issues. Canada is spotlighted here as it houses approximately 75% of mining company headquarters, primarily due to favorable tax and investment conditions and the concentration of skilled labor. Greater unionization and cooperativization of mining workers hold great promise for improving health and safety conditions of miners. Feminizing the mining workforce promises to improve both productivity and profits. While mental health is often ignored, Australia’s Mates in Mining program has improved mental well-being and reduced depression and suicide amongst mining workers. Expansion of such programs worldwide would positively impact workers, their families, and improve productivity. Moreover, third-party certification for mining workers’ rights, such as Fairmined, ought to be expanded while universal human rights declarations ought to be upheld. Social justice movements improve worker’s rights, environmental impact and social conditions related to mining. In this article, the importance of improving larger socioeconomic and political conditions in which mining workers operate are also examined, such as reducing demand for mined commodities and recycling more effectively. Improving Indigenous land-based rights is another crucial aspect of creating more just mining practices. Mining offers many workers, particularly those in Canada and other high-income nations, a decent income and benefits. Equivalent wages and benefits ought to be paid to all mining workers worldwide. “It is possible to move from tunnel vision-profit-oriented mining practices which damage workers, communities and environment, to light at the end of the tunnel-- healthy workers, communities and environment”.

Research on the Implementation of Human Rights Policing through the Police Reform Roadmap

The National Police Agency announced a Police Reform Roadmap for the implementation of human rights policing through a public reporting event in 2021. The Police Reform Roadmap brings in outside experts by newly instituting an open Human Rights Policy Officer, and establishes a control system within the National Investigation Headquarters to prevent human rights violations and power abuse during the investigative process. It also proposed a system for monitoring attorney-led investigations to analyze and address issues in vulnerable sectors. However, in an effort to strengthen these human rights guarantee capabilities, it suggested that the Human Rights Impact Assessment system be recognized as an essential process and stipulated. It also introduced a framework for establishing the direction of Human Rights Impact Assessment system within the police organization. Furthermore, it suggested the police to develop substantive, systematic human rights education and training programs, foster close cooperation within the organization through institutional human rights solidarity, and design human rights guidelines, indicating that such measures are requisite for the police to strenghten its human rights guarantee capabilities.

Legal Vacuum Governing the Use of Kirpan for Sikhs Based on Religious Rights and National Constitution

This research raises issues related to the protection of the right to state freedom for Indonesian citizens according to Indonesian national law. Specifically, this research discusses the history of the arrival of the Sikhs and the use of Kirpan in the public space as one of the teachings of the Sikh Religion which is mandatory for Sikhs to follow wherever and whenever. The regulation on the use of Kirpan is still unclear and ambiguous, so there is no legal certainty that protects Sikhs. Sikhs who wish to own and use a Kirpan are required to obtain a permit with the competent authority according to predetermined administrative requirements. However, this only applies to Sikhs who are over 17 years old, while Sikhs who are not yet 17 years old cannot obtain this permit. This has resulted in Sikhs who are under 17 years of age not receiving legal protection in exercising their religious rights. With this legal vacuum, the implementation of human rights in Indonesia is imperfect and not in accordance with Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. This research was conducted using normative juridical methods through literature studies and seeking expert opinion. This study uses a historical approach and a conceptual approach regarding the entry of the Sikh Religion and its teachings. This research is based on primary legal materials in the form of laws and regulations, international regulations, and judge's decisions, as well as secondary legal materials in the form of books, journals, and theses which contain previous research. The legal materials were obtained through library research. The type of analysis used is qualitative, namely by interpreting or interpreting the legal material obtained. The method of interpretation used is the method of grammatical interpretation and the method of historical interpretation. The results of this study state that the Indonesian government must make a law and regulation on the regulation of the use of weapons as a symbol of a religion such as Kirpan without any magical or heritage elements. This is for the sake of implementing religious freedom for Indonesian citizens in Indonesia

Do local authorities take human rights seriously? Lessons from the French case

ABSTRACT The central government has the primary responsibility for the protection of human rights. However, several factors such as decentralisation raise questions about the role of local authorities in this area. Our paper examines this issue through an interdisciplinary approach, combining international law and political sociology. Our focus lies on the case of France, the ‘homeland’ of human rights: do French local elected authorities always take human rights seriously? Our research design combines qualitative and quantitative methods. After providing a background of the international legal context, this paper will present the findings on human rights local perceptions and practices of elected representatives. Human rights’ perceptions of these subnational political actors strongly depend on their educational qualifications and personal commitments. The same applies to the hierarchy that they draw between fundamental freedoms, social rights, and environmental rights. By contrast, local practices in favour of human rights vary most importantly according to the local authorities’ status and demographic weight, rather than their political hue. When human and financial resources are scarce, the goodwill showcased by local elected representatives is not sufficient to foster the proper implementation of human rights.

Protection of Human Rights Against the Environment in the Indonesian Legal System

Purpose: This research examines the relationship between human rights and environmental protection in the context of Indonesia's legal system. Theoretical Reference: It refers to Indonesia's legal system and the 1945 Constitution to understand the regulation and implementation of human rights and environmental protection. Method: The study employs the normative law method with philosophical and analytical approaches. Results and Conclusion: Indonesia's constitution guarantees the right of every individual to a good and healthy environment; the enforcement and safety of these rights often face various challenges. The challenges include the imbalance between economic goals and environmental protection, weak law enforcement, and a need for more understanding of Human Rights and public participation in environmental issues. Implications of Research: Through a deeper understanding of the relationship between human rights and environmental protection, it is expected that Indonesia's legal system can be more effective in ensuring a sustainable and habitable environment for all its citizens. Originality/Value: This article suggests the importance of enhancing the integration of human rights and environmental protection within the framework of the Constitution and daily practices.Additionally, increasing awareness and compliance among all parties with existing regulations is highly necessary. Hopefully, these efforts will support achieving sustainable development goals in Indonesia, which encompass human rights and a healthy environment.

Ideal Formulation of Human Rights Regulation in Indonesia

There have been several human rights cases in several regions in Indonesia in recent years and the ripples of conflict that have accompanied them show that there are differences in interpretation of the principles and implementation of human rights among the community. In this case, it is necessary to formulate regulations on human rights that are good and universally applicable to all groups. This research aims to offer an ideal formulation of human rights regulation in Indonesia. This research uses descriptive qualitative method or also known as literature study. This research reveals findings as one of the problem solving in human rights issues. There are three things that must be promoted as a form of struggle in maintaining human rights in Indonesia, namely strengthening the values of Pancasila as a source of human rights values, the need for a common perception of the conception of the implementation of ideal human rights in Indonesia, and the idea of a human rights education movement among the community on an ongoing basis.

Ways to Improve Legal Mechanisms' Efficiency in Protecting Human Rights and Freedom

Objective: The purpose of this article is to investigate the results of the operation of the main legal mechanisms for the provision and protection of human rights and freedoms, and, based on the results obtained, to formulate possible ways to increase the efficiency of these mechanisms.
 
 Theoretical framework: As the main branches of the legal system, human rights and freedom have been troubling the minds of our scientists since ancient times. Famous scholars devoted their works to studying and explaining these issues, for example, S. Montesquieu, T. Jefferson, I. Kant, J. J. Rousseau, Spinoza, G. Grotius, D. Locke, and others. They made a great contribution to researching the issues of human rights in general.
 In their research, the authors used articles, textbooks and monographs of scientists who previously conducted extensive research on this topic. In particular, the work of such scholars in the field of human rights as S.S. Alekseev, D.D. Nevrik, E.M. Solovyova, G.P. Luparev, E.K. Nurpeisov, E.A. Anufriev, A.G. Berezhnov, L.D. Voevodin, N.V. Vitruk, V.A. Kartashkin, S.A. Komarov, V.A. Kuchinsky, V.M. Kuritsyn, E.A. Lukasheva, A.Ya. Azarov, N.I. Matuzov, G.V. Maltsev, V.S. Nersesyants, V.A. Patyulin, V.M. Chikhvadze and B.S. Ebzeev were studied. Kazakh scientists who have covered the aspects of human rights in their research include: Zh. D. Busurmanov, G. K. Iskakova, E. K. Nurpeisov, S. Zhursimbaev, A. S. Ibraeva and V. V. Mamonov.
 
 Method: In this study, special attention is paid, first of all, to the study and analysis of the effectiveness of the main legal mechanisms operating in the world to ensure the protection of human rights and freedoms. Through understanding the performance evaluation of these mechanisms, I tried to achieve the goal of the study. Due to the limited volume, this article focuses only on the main and widely used mechanisms in the field of ensuring and protecting human rights.
 To achieve this goal and to substantiate the research results, the norms of the general theory of law and special practical methods of cognition used in legal science were applied.
 In the course of the research, the following methods of scientific knowledge were used: dialectical, comparative legal, formal logical, dialectical and the method of systemic structural analysis.
 
 Results and conclusion: It can be expected that when determining further prospects for increasing the effectiveness of international institutional and legal mechanisms in the field of human rights protection, directly from the state, the following should be done:
 
 raising public awareness and transparency in the activities of public authorities;
 reporting of the state under the UPR on the work done, in accordance with the actual quantitative and qualitative indicators;
 creation of systems for monitoring and evaluating the actions of states at the national, regional and international levels;
 close cooperation between the government and human rights organizations;
 ensuring the independence of judges from the authorities;
 observance of budget financing of programs for the realization of human rights, taking into account the obligations assumed before international bodies;
 in the context of the pandemic caused by the COVID-19 virus, the government should adopt such sanitary standards as will be necessary for the most vulnerable members of society.
 
 
 Originality and value: The article examines the existing legal mechanisms of international, regional and national organizations that protect human rights and freedom, and offers recommendations to improve the effectiveness of these mechanisms. This study shows that the main responsibility for the observance and protection of human rights lies with the state itself. A condition for the observance of an individual's human rights and freedoms is the existence of the duties of other citizens and the state, which are established through legislation. The article reveals that it is to strengthen the coordination of activities and interaction between the authorized state bodies, as well as to combine, if necessary, the "special" powers of these bodies in order to increase the responsibility of the state for ensuring the rights and freedom of citizens. At the same time, many legal mechanisms for the implementation of human rights in the modern world are not entirely effective and require special attention from the state and academic research. Examples of these important rights include gender equality between women and men; the human right to personal data in the digital world; the rights of national and non-traditional minority groups; the right to religion in African countries.

Judiciarisation of the mentally ill and/or mentally incapacitated in the Malawi criminal justice system: Gaps and flaws of human rights protection

Rates (where recorded) of mental illness, intellectual disabilities and co-morbidities are disproportionately high and rising among global prison populations. There is little data on the extent of mental illness and/or mental incapacity in prison populations in the Global South. Criminal justice systems are generally under-resourced, with a lack of adequate forensic monitoring, availability of specialist psychological and psychiatric expertise, and system coordination with mental health treatment and support services.Very little is known with regard to the judiciarisation of the mentally ill and/or mentally incapacitated in African criminal justice systems. In this Commentary we focus on Malawi, as a least developed country in sub-Saharan Africa. We present the international human rights framework pertinent to the judiciarisation of people with disability, the global discourse around disability-neutral doctrines and the contentiousness of the link between mental and legal capacity. We discuss challenges and procedural complexities in the Malawi criminal justice system as it relates to how people with mental illness and/or mental incapacity navigate the process and to what extent their basic human rights are upheld.Mental health legislation and policies to uphold the rights of the mentally ill and/or mentally incapacitated in the criminal justice system are underdeveloped (and under-resourced). There are backlogs in forensic assessments to determine competency to stand trial and criminal responsibility; inadequate availability of forensic beds; and insufficient coverage of community and prison based mental health services. Lengthy detention periods in overcrowded unsafe conditions are common, with little or no access to specialist medical care.We present medico-legal and clinical recommendations for enhanced human rights monitoring and protections cognisant of the various challenges in ensuring the implementation of human rights and of due process in Malawi. We encourage the government to consider formal diversion options via mental health courts and invest in the capacity of forensic specialists and hospitals to support court assessments and community care. Oversight mechanisms preventing human rights abuses of these very vulnerable individuals are crucial in all mental health settings in Malawi, not limited to police custody, remand detention facilities and prisons. Ratification of the Optional Protocol of the Convention against Torture is imperative.

Notarial process as one of the types of legal process

The notary of Ukraine plays an important role in the implementation of human rights and law enforcement functions in the system of law enforcement agencies of the country [1].
 According to Art. 1 of the Law of Ukraine «On Notaries», a notary in Ukraine is a system of bodies and officials entrusted with the duty to certify rights, as well as facts of legal significance, and to perform other notarial actions provided for by this Law, with the aim of providing them of legal probability [2].
 The activity of a notary has certain commonalities with the activities of other bodies of civil jurisdiction. Notarial activity is a type of legal and, accordingly, social activity and is aimed at providing official force and credibility to legal rights, facts and documents.
 А notarial process is a type of legal process, which is a legally established procedure for performing notarial acts. The notarial process is a procedural branch, therefore, when notarial acts are performed, notarial procedural legal relations characteristic of it arise. Notarial procedural relations can be considered a type of social relations that arise between persons who perform notarial acts and persons who applied for notarial acts, and are regulated by the norms of notarial legislation.
 A notarial process is a set of performed notarial proceedings or notarial actions. The notarial process is a legal form of activity of state bodies and officials authorized to do so. The performance of notarial acts is carried out by a strictly established circle of persons whose specific composition and scope of competence are established by legislation (Articles 1, 3, 34-40 of the Law of Ukraine «On Notaries»). The notarial process is an activity directly related to the need to use various methods and means of legal technology. In the notarial process, there is a system of requirements related to notarial proceedings. Since the notarial process is a type of legal process and boils down to the order of notarial actions prescribed by law, it is characterized by a complex structural content.
 The notarial process is the consideration of a certain legal matter. As a result of the performance of notarial acts, the legal rights and obligations of the persons in respect of whom these acts were performed are sanctioned by the state, the documents are given official significance, which enables the specified persons to acquire a certain status and perform certain actions. The notarial process can also be characterized as an activity related to carrying out operations with legal norms, that is, it is a type of law enforcement activity, when the relevant state body or official must directly use legal norms to solve a specific legal case.

Institute of Euthanasia: Between a Person’s Right to Life and the Right to a Dignified Death: Problems and Challenges in the Implementation of Human Rights of Choice in Lithuania

Abstract The title of the scientific article is the problem of euthanasia as a possibility for the implementation of natural human rights in Lithuania and foreign countries. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the relationship between the individual’s right to life and the prohibition of torture in the implementation of euthanasia as one of the natural human rights in Lithuania and foreign countries. This work has theological and comparative methods. The theological method, which leads to the first part of the work, analyzing international and national legal acts regulating natural human rights. The comparative method compares the legal regulations and social differences between countries that have legalized and those that have not legalized euthanasia. The main conclusion of the article - the legalization of euthanasia is one of the possibilities to implement the prohibition of torture in the context of natural human rights. The practical significance of this scientific article is particularly important for states that have not legalized euthanasia, because the main conclusion of this article is proving the obligation of states to legalize euthanasia in order to provide suitable conditions for the realization of natural human rights. The originality of this scientific article is based on the fact that the compatibility of euthanasia in the context of human rights and freedoms and the equating of the illegalization of euthanasia to torture at the national and international level have not been analyzed in any scientific articles. The value of the article is proven by the fact that the authors used only the latest scientific editions of national and international legal acts and the latest and most comprehensive literature.

Islandness and the European Court of Human Rights: Marooning Rights on Islands?

Some 80 million people live on European islands. It thus comes as no surprise that a number of cases brought before the European Court of Human Rights developed on and/or pertain to islands. What is surprising, though, is that this jurisprudential corpus has not been explored with a view to assessing whether islandness has or should have a role in the implementation of the European Convention on Human Rights on islands. The present paper contemplates the strengths of an islandness-based approach in the implementation of human rights through the mapping of the weaknesses, the potentials and the lost opportunities in the case law of the Court with respect to such an approach. In this context, findings from the field of Island Studies are also considered. By focusing on the ECHR habitat, the present paper exemplifies, in particular, the untapped potential of an islandness-based approach in the development of international human rights law in general.

Expanding and Contracting the UN Guiding Principles: an Analysis of Recent Inter-American Human Rights Court Decisions

Abstract In 2021, the Inter-American Court of Human Rights (IACtHR) decided two cases for advancing the increasing jurisprudence on the implementation of human rights and business standards, yet there is still a gap to fill. Despite the important development with regards to the State obligation to supervise business operations, the decisions do not introduce further definitions of companies’ responsibilities on human rights nor the potential of creating mandatory remedies standards for private agents. Through the analysis of the 2021 case law, this article concludes that the IACtHR has been increasingly using the UN Guiding Principles to argue for its rulings but has missed the opportunity to generate greater accountability for companies and private actors in its decision-making.

The Current Situation and Insights of Human Rights Due Diligence Implementation in Chinese Multinational Enterprises: The Case Study of Zhejiang Huayou Cobalt Co., Ltd.

In the global cobalt supply chain, the illegal employment of child labor by multinational companies is a very common phenomenon, and child laborers are often exposed to poor working conditions, which are extremely harmful to their physical and mental health. And behind these phenomena, it indicates that the international community has not been successful in ensuring adequate implementation of human rights due diligence for multinational corporations. This paper will take the supply chain human rights crisis and response measures of Zhejiang Huayou Cobalt Co., Ltd. in China as an example, and use case study method and literature research method to explore the current situation and insights of human rights due diligence implementation in Chinese multinational enterprises. It has been discovered through research that Chinese multinational corporations face several challenges in carrying out human rights due diligence, such as the lack of an institutionalized human rights due diligence mechanism and insufficient understanding of human rights risks. Based on this, this paper proposes the following recommendations: accelerating the formulation of human rights due diligence standards and norms; bridging the gap between domestic and foreign mandatory human rights due diligence laws; raising the awareness of human rights protection within enterprises; and strengthening human rights risk management in the supply chain.

Implementation of human rights in the modern world: challenges and threats

The peculiarities of the realization of human rights under the conditions of various challenges and threats are covered. The mechanism for the realization of human rightsis considered as a set of legal means of implementing human rights in life, which is revealed in two interrelated aspects – static and dynamic. The realization of human rights can be hindered by various circumstances: inefficiency of legislation, inactivity of civil society, authoritarian political regime, terrorism, etc. The article is focused on terrorism. Countering terrorism is a complex task that involves a system of measures that do not always contribute to the realization of human rights, but they are necessary to ensure the safety of both a person and the entire society. Threats related to terrorism actualize theoretical studies of the possibilities of countering terrorism and creating conditions for the proper realization of human and citizen rights and freedoms. The purpose of the article is to study the specifics of the influence of terrorism on the process of realizing human rights in the modern world and to indicate ways to prevent this influence. The methodology of the article consists of dialectical and phenomenological approaches, as well as formal-logical, formal-dogmatic, formal-legal, systemic and structural-functional methods. The conclusions state that terrorismis a significant obstacle on the way to the realization of human rights. Terrorism can be characterized as the commission of ideologically motivated violent crimes with the aim of destabilizing society, influencing politics, and intimidating people. Rights and freedoms may be restricted in connection with a terrorist threat, but the restrictions must be proportionate to the threat. At the same time, the elimination of obstacles to the realization of human rights helps to overcome the motivation of certain individuals to engage in terrorist activities. The proper implementation of rights and freedoms is possible under the condition of creating effective mechanisms for overcoming social contradictions, achieving a social compromise, ending financial support for terrorism and illegal weapons trafficking, and effective counter measures against the formation of a terrorist personality. Key words: implementation of human rights, society, threat, terror, migrants.

The Emergence of Social and Economic Rights as the New Era in the International Community’s Development: History and Contemporary

Introduction. The world economic crisis of 1900-1903, which was accompanied by a crisis in the social sphere and resulted in the emergence of protests among the working class, became one of the significant factors that led to the First World War of 1914-1918. Therefore, there was the keen necessity to form a new international law and order with social and economic components. The League of Nations’ creation ensured its establishment, and the social and economic cooperation of states was concentrated within the framework of the ILO, in order to resolve social conflicts, protect the rights of workers, improve working conditions and increase their living standards. However, the continuation of the crisis was the next stage of the Second World War of 1939-1945 and taking into consideration the duration of this crisis in the XXI century the threat of a new world war in the nearest future cannot be excluded. The instability of international relations is the result of the destruction of the international law and order, which is replaced by protectionism in the form of regionalism. Conclusions. Within the framework of international organizations, in particularthe UN, ILO, EU a set of anti-crisis measures is adopted in order to overcome the consequences of the global crisis. However, they are not sufficient, often improvisational ,and the urgency of crisis management requirements leads to non-optimal solutions. Current legal order cannot be considered without the social and economic rights and activities of the ILO. The organization is designed, in particular, to ensure the establishment of universal peace based on social justice; develop and implement norms and principles in the field of labour; provide decent employment and social protection for all; develop international measures and programs for the implementation of human rights, improving working and living conditions; develop international labour standards etc. The states’ efforts to overcome this crisis should cover all levels of cooperation between states in the social and economic sphere, the adoption of appropriate effective measures, and decisions that would be characterized not situationally, but by systematic preparation for various crisis situations, including more active application of forecasts and different scenario planning. Key words: International Law, Social and Economic Rights, League of Nations,United Nations, International Labour Organization, World Economic Crisis, Anticrisis Measures in the Social Sphere.