Implementation Of Government Policies Research Articles

CLIMATE CHANGE CHALLENGES IN BANGLADESH

Climate change is a pervasive global challenge with far-reaching implications for both the environment and human society. A thorough comprehension of these repercussions is essential in crafting effective strategies to mitigate their effects. Climate change, a major threat to sustainable development, impacts the environment, economy, natural resources, food security, human health, and physical infrastructure globally. Bangladesh stands out among affected nations due to geographical and socio-economic vulnerabilities. Despite its vulnerability, Bangladesh has successfully mitigated the impact of extreme events over the years. This study focuses on examining climate change, its outcomes, and mitigation initiatives in Bangladesh. It endeavors to offer a comprehensive analysis of the current climate scenario in Bangladesh, delving into pivotal trends, impacts, adaptation strategies, and evaluating the effectiveness of national policies, legal frameworks, involvement of local governments, non-governmental organizations, and international collaborative efforts in developing an efficient disaster risk reduction and anticipatory action system. Despite achievements, safeguarding the livelihoods and properties of vulnerable communities from disaster-induced loss and damage remains a challenge. Additionally, addressing past adaptation failures is crucial. The paper highlights the necessity to enhance disaster risk reduction, green economy, promote economic development, implement government policies, and bolster anticipatory action systems, emphasizing the pivotal role of establishing a locally led climate-resilient system in addressing these challenges.

Implementation of Government Policies in an Effort to Increase Malino Tourism Through the Beautiful Malino Event in Gowa Regency

Implementation of Government Policies in an Effort to Increase Malino Tourism Through the Beautiful Malino Event in Gowa Regency

Peran Perdagangan Internasional dalam Mendorong Pembangunan Ekonomi dalam Mengentasan Kemiskinan di Indonesia

This research aims to determine the impact of international trade on Indonesia's economic growth. The type of research used is a literature review approach with a comprehensive search of academic databases, articles, journals and books. International trade plays an important role in driving Indonesia's economic growth through exports, product diversification and international partnerships. This study also highlights the challenges Indonesia faces in international trade, including fluctuations in currency exchange rates and the impact of global economic trends. This research concludes that international trade has an important role in forming the foundation of the Indonesian economy and positioning it as a major player in the global market. The study recommends that the government implement policies that support international trade, such as reducing tariff and non-tariff barriers, to increase the country's competitiveness in the global market. In addition, this study suggests that the government should focus on developing human resources and infrastructure to support industrial growth that can contribute to the country's economic development and poverty alleviation.

Building of the knowledge-based entrepreneurial economy through collaboration between enterprises and start-ups

Methods. In the course of study the following scientific methods were used: abstraction, which was employed to define the essence of the knowledge-based entrepreneurial economy; induction and deduction, which were used to identify the benefits, risks and challenges of collaboration between enterprises and start-ups; generalization and specification to distinguish between various approaches to facilitating growth of innovative start-ups. Results. The study has enabled one to contend that in order to ramp up a knowledge-based entrepreneurial economy, there has to be better cooperation between enterprises and start-ups. Collaborating can help both well-established enterprises and start-ups maintain their competitive advantage and expand into markets that would be challenging for them to enter on their own. However, there are also a lot of potential risks and difficulties with this collaboration. It was also defined that the three main industries served by Ukrainian IT businesses are business productivity software, media, and fintech. Novelty lies in identifying the saliant features of collaboration between enterprises and startups for facilitating growth of innovative start-ups and building knowledge-based entrepreneurial economy under modern circumstances. Practical value is enshrined in establishing benefits, risks, and challenges of collaboration between well-established corporates and start-ups as new market entrants. This may serve as a foundation for implementation of government policies aimed at ramping up economic growth through knowledge-based entrepreneurial economy.

Street‐level bureaucracy and democratic backsliding. Evidence from Poland

AbstractStreet‐level bureaucrats (SLBs) are central to the implementation of government policies, which becomes crucial in the context of democratic backsliding. Their willingness to carry out policies developed by “unprincipled” principals influences the final impact of backsliding on citizens. Research on civil servants and anecdotal evidence indicate that SLBs may engage in various dissent activities when they disagree with politicians and their policies. However, the scale of this behavior depends on how many of them perceive the government as “unprincipled.” Hence, to understand the potential for dissent activities in the face of democratic backsliding, we need to examine SLBs' support for the ruling government. This paper focuses on Poland, an important case of democratic backsliding, analyzing the approval of the opposition parties and the protests in the wake of democracy‐undermining reforms among the SLBs. By analyzing Polish Center for Public Opinion Research survey data, it concludes that SLBs' support for the opposition was not overwhelming, rendering significant scale of dissent activities at the street level unlikely.

Strategi Pengelolaan Kelas dalam Meningkatkan Kedisiplinan dan Efektivitas Belajar Siswa pada Masa Covid-19

The COVID-19 pandemic is affecting the education sector, including in Indonesia. The government implemented social policies and distance education to prevent the virus. However, distance learning produces challenges for teachers and students, especially in terms of learning discipline and classroom management. This study aims to collect and analyze a number of different classroom management approaches that can be used during the COVID-19 pandemic to improve student discipline and increase learning efficiency. This study discusses how students can learn better, especially about environmental studies, with good classroom management. It also emphasizes the role of teachers in creating a good learning environment and encouraging students to learn independently. The study found that student learning outcomes are influenced by effective classroom management; to improve student behavior and engagement, classroom design and socialization should be improved. The COVID-19 pandemic shows the importance of engaging classroom management strategies.

Achieving Sustainable Quality Education Targets: a Case Study in East Java, Indonesia

Objectives: This article aims to analyze the implementation of education policies designed to introduce quality education and identify barriers at the local level. The study focuses on an elementary school in Probolinggo City, East Java Province, Indonesia, to understand how these policies are being executed and the challenges faced. Methods: Interviews were conducted with various stakeholders, including school representatives, education office officials, and local government authorities. The study utilizes two types of data: primary data collected through interviews and secondary data from existing records and reports. Results: The findings reveal that the implementation of quality education policies at the primary school level is suboptimal in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) targets. This inadequacy is primarily due to weak coordination between education offices and schools. The study highlights that this poor coordination affects the ability to achieve inclusive and equitable quality education and support lifelong learning opportunities for all. Conclusion: The study concludes that the weak working relationship between schools and education offices significantly impacts the sensitivity of education office policies to school needs, thereby hindering the achievement of SDGs at the local level. The results emphasize the need for improved coordination and communication to ensure effective policy implementation. This study contributes to the development of policy implementation theory by providing insights into the sustainable strengthening of educational development strategies and expands theoretical and practical knowledge on local government policy implementation in the context of quality school education in Indonesia under the SDGs framework.

Implementasi Peraturan Daerah Kabupaten Madiun Tentang Pengelolaan Sampah

-The Purpose of this study find out the implementation of the Madiun Regency regional regulation on Waste Management, waste management related to the environment is a shared responsibility between the local government and the community, the active role of the community is needed in the implementation of this policy. The method that the author uses in this research is empirical legal research using primary data sources, namely the results of direct interviews with staff of the Madiun Regency Environmental Service and secondary data in this study are laws and regulations. The results of the research and discussion show that the implementation of this regional regulation has been carried out. The Madiun District Environmental Service actively conducts socialisation, training and direction related to waste management, the waste bank program in collaboration with Pegadaian is one of the collaborations that support management and economic improvement. Supporting the implementation of this regional regulation is community participation in assisting the implementation of government policies, especially in the field of waste management, which has an impact on the environment, especially Madiun district.

The Process of Unblocking Laos: Linking Indochina (1893–1945)

Abstract With the establishment of the Indochinese Federation, the French colonial government implemented policies to develop the transport system in the colonies, connecting Laos with other regions in the Indochinese Federation. Previous studies have mainly focused on demonstrating the development of the transport network in Vietnam or highlighting the limitations of the French colonial government in investing in the development of transport in Laos. This article aims to redefine the role of the French in developing the transport network and infrastructure in Laos in order to break its isolation and associate this country with the rest of the Indochinese Federation. These policies had a long-term influence on the development of modern Laos when the development of Lao trade shifted from dependence on the Mekong River and the port of Bangkok to commercial circulation by many transport services on many different transnational roads directed towards the ports of Indochina.

The Prevalence of Anemia Among Vietnamese Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

While anemia constitutes a prevalent health issue among children in Vietnam, comprehensive aggregate data remain scarce. Consequently, the objective of this meta-analysis is to establish the pooled prevalence of anemia in the pediatric population of Vietnam. A comprehensive systematic search of existing prevalence studies was conducted up until June 2022, encompassing databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library, as well as reference list analysis. Pooled prevalence estimates, along with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), were calculated using a random-effects model. Publication bias was assessed using the Egger regression test and funnel plot inspection. Subgroup analyses were performed to identify potential variations in anemia prevalence across study groups. The pooled prevalence estimate for anemia among children under 10-year-olds amounted to 35.5% (95% CI = [23.9, 49.1]). Notably, gender-specific analyses unveiled distinct prevalence rates, with 37.8% among males and 33.4% among females. Furthermore, variations in anemia prevalence among Vietnamese children were evident across different demographic strata, encompassing gender, age groups, and rural or poor rural residency. The calculated pooled prevalence of anemia among children in Vietnam revealed a significant burden. Addressing this issue necessitates targeted interventions within specific regions and the implementation of government policies aligned with global targets for the eradication of childhood anemia.

Policy response on handling of foot and mouth disease outbreaks in Indonesia

Endemic Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) outbreaks are a threat to animal husbandry, especially beef cattle in Indonesia. As a response to the emergence of the outbreak, appropriate management policies are needed to minimize losses, considering that the majority of animal husbandry in Indonesia is small businesses. This study aimed to find out the government’s policy response in handling FMD in Indonesia since it was first discovered (28 April 2022) in Gresik, East Java to early 2023. This research method uses a qualitative method with a case study approach sourced from government data in the form of publications, reports, statutory policies, statistics, and regulatory literature studies issued by the government in response to the outbreak. The results of the research show that the government implemented various policies to control FMD outbreaks starting from the pre-crisis evaluation stage with the existence of Law Number 41 of 2014 and Law Number 21 of 2019 and the derivative regulations under them. In the second phase, pre-crisis preparedness, the government responds to outbreaks in several districts in East Java and Aceh to designate them as FMD pandemic areas. In the third stage, crisis response through organizational coordination is carried out with the cooperation of Pentahelix from various sectors and layers of society in handling FMD. Finally, after recovery and investigation, the government realized the importance of vaccination and outreach, especially to smallholder farmers in Indonesia.

Fungsi Pengawasan Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah dalam Penyelenggaraan Pemerintahan Daerah di Indonesia

The Regional People's Representative Council which is the state institution that has undergone the most changes. This research aims to determine and analyze the Implementation of the Supervisory Function of the Regional People's Representative Council in the Implementation of Regional Government in Indonesia. This type of research is normative juridical. The results of the research are the supervisory function carried out by the Regional People's Representative Council towards the Regional Government in order to realize good governance so that it can achieve its goals. The Regional Representative Council must be able to correctly interpret the function and objectives of supervision, so that it can become an effective check & balance mechanism, optimize supervision so that it can have a positive influence as expected on the management of regional government, prepare the supervisory agenda for the Representative Council Regional People, Formulating standards, systems and standard procedures for supervision of the Regional People's Representative Council, as well as involving community participation in the supervision process. For this reason, it is recommended that there is a need for community participation in carrying out supervision so that the implementation of regional government policies can run well and it is necessary to develop supervision guidelines by the Regional People's Representative Council so that the supervision function can run more focused.

Implementasi Kebijakan Pupuk Subsidi di Dinas Tanaman Pangan Hortikultura dan Perkebunan Kabupaten Sinjai

The provision of subsidy fertilizers for farmers is intended to increase progress in innovation changes in human resource development in the agricultural sector, subsidies as a supporting factor of optimal implementation of government policies against subsidized fertilizer policies developed by the government based on the needs of the community, especially farmers. In its application, this fertilizer is intended for farmers to increase productivity and improve economic level, also minimizes costs. The purpose of this study is to find out how the implementation of subsidized fertilizer policy in Indonesia. The findings in this study are one of the programs of government policy related to subsidized fertilizers, namely the farmer card program registered in the Group Needs Definitive Plan (RDDK) system. However, according to surveys, there is still a scarcity of subsidized fertilizers so that the price becomes expensive. And many farmers who are not part of the Group Needs Definitive Plan (RDDK) system also need subsidized fertilizers, but the government only provides them to farmers who are members of the RDDK system. In addition, the Indonesian government has implemented various measures to ensure the distribution of subsidized fertilizers to farmers, one of the steps taken is to socialize changes in subsidized fertilizer policies.

Can Civilized City Construction Promote Enterprise Green Innovation?

The existing research shows that when facing the trade-off between economic benefits and green innovation, enterprises often prioritize economic gains, and how to promote enterprise green innovation (EGI) has become a pressing issue that needs to be solved at this stage. Against this backdrop, China’s Civilized City Construction (CCC) policy, which emphasizes the coordinated development of economic, political, ecological, and spiritual civilization, places higher demands on enterprise environmental behaviors. This creates an opportune moment to investigate the relationship between urban governance policies and EGI. In this study, we employ a Difference-in-Differences (DID) model to examine whether the CCC policy can promote EGI and reveal its underlying mechanisms. The research findings indicate that CCC significantly promotes EGI. The policy improves EGI levels by strengthening regional environmental regulations and increasing environmental subsidy levels. This finding provides lessons for advancing enterprise sustainability strategies and new perspectives for global urban governance policy formulation and implementation.

The Impact of Corporate Governance on Financial Distress: Evidence from Listed Financial Institutions in Sri Lanka

This study focuses on the role of corporate governance in predicting financial distress of companies in the finance sector in Sri Lanka. Over the past two decades, several finance sector companies collapsed in Sri Lanka affecting numerous victims with no proper compensation payments. The study aims to unveil the impact of corporate governance on financial distress of companies in the financial sector. A number of key variables included to measure the corporate governance such as board size, board gender diversification, frequency of board meetings, audit quality, board member remuneration, CEO duality, education level of the board members, and board independence. As control variables firm size, profitability, and financial leverage are considered. Financial distress is operationalized through the measures of institutions negative profit, cash flow, or worth for three consecutive years. Data from 54 listed financial institutions in Sri Lanka were collected from 2017 to 2022. Descriptive analysis, Pearson correlation analysis, corporate governance comparison model, and regression analysis were employed for data analysis. The findings indicate that board size, board gender diversification, frequency of board meetings, higher audit quality, education level of the board, board independence, and return on equity have a significant negative impact on financial distress. These findings can help identify at-risk financial institutions, support decision-making for investors and stakeholders, guide the implementation of corporate governance policies, and inform policymakers in developing new governance policies.

Implementasi Kebijakan Pemerintah Bagi Pekerja Migran Indonesia (PMI) di Provinsi Jawa Timur Tahun 2021

This research aims to analyze the implementation of government policies for Indonesian Migrant Workers in reducing employment problems in East Java Province in 2021 using the George C. Edwards III approach. The method applied in this research is a descriptive qualitative research method. Data was obtained through interviews, observation and documentation. The data sources used are primary data and secondary data. The research results reveal that the Indonesian Migrant Workers program has been successfully implemented in East Java Province with increased action in handling complaints from Indonesian Migrant Workers

Assessment of the Global Experience of Strategies for Gender Asymmetry Reduction

Gender asymmetry often denotes significant gender inequality, encompassing disparities in societal norms, cultural convictions, and historical legacies. This asymmetry results in an unequal distribution of opportunities, resources, and power between individuals of different genders, with one gender often enjoying certain privileges over the other. This article analyzes the effectiveness of implemented and tested strategies in reducing gender asymmetry, with a special focus on four countries such as the United States, Great Britain, Germany and Kazakhstan. Special attention is paid to comparing approaches and results in different countries, which makes it possible to identify the most successful practices and general trends. Despite the implementation of various government policies and standards aimed at achieving equal pay for employees of all genders, women still tend to receive lower salaries compared to their male counterparts, even when they hold similar positions and perform similar job responsibilities. Through meticulous investigation and the application of statistical methodologies, it is attempted to gauge whether these strategies have contributed to a reduction in gender asymmetry, comparing the statistics from 2019 to 2023 for the outcomes’ evaluation. In conclusion, the article offers recommendations for the development and implementation of effective strategies that can be used by governments and organizations to further promote gender equality.

Hindutva Politics and the Making of Extreme Precarity

Abstract This article investigates the intersection of Hindutva politics and Bharatiya Janata Party policies concerning Rohingyas in India. Analyzing the government’s approach through official statements, legislative measures, and implementation strategies, it aims to uncover the factors shaping BJP policies toward Rohingyas. Additionally, it explores the Rohingya community’s perspectives on government attitudes, political dynamics, and implemented policies, providing a nuanced understanding of the policies’ impact. By shedding light on the intricate interplay between political ideology and refugee governance, the article contributes to a deeper understanding of migration, identity politics, and governance challenges in contemporary India. Scrutinizing the interweaving threads of political philosophy and refugee management, the research not only documents the current situation but also offers insights into broader implications for India’s political landscape and the lived experiences of the Rohingya community. This exploration is a crucial step toward understanding the evolving socio-political landscape in India concerning the Rohingya refugee crisis.

Implementasi Kebijakan Pemerintah Tentang Tenaga Bongkar Muat (TKBM) dan Peningkatan Kesejahteraan di Pelabuhan Yos Sudarso Ambon Provinsi Maluku

The research was conducted to examine the implementation of government policy on charging frame energy (TCBM) as well as improving the well-being of staff at Yos Sudarso Ambon port. The results of the researchers' observations that the implementation of employee welfare standards has not been optimized in accordance with the regulations in force. Furthermore, wages paid to officials on the basis of boarding are not on the amount of income so it is still weak in the administration of financial administration. As for the research method used, it is qualitative descriptive by conducting in-depth interviews with the chosen informants. As for the findings of the research, (1). There's still recruitment of port workers based on the family system. Besides, there's still a weak motivation to do the hard work itself. (2). That the reality of a balanced and harmonious social life between the working groups in the port of Ambon can be used as an example of a good working relationship.

Association of Geriatric Depressive Symptoms and Government-Initiated Senior Employment Program: A Population-Based Study.

The impact of the government-initiated senior employment program (GSEP) on geriatric depressive symptoms is underexplored. Unearthing this connection could facilitate the planning of future senior employment programs and geriatric depression interventions. In the present study, we aimed to elucidate the possible association between geriatric depressive symptoms and GSEP in older adults. This study employed data from 9,287 participants aged 65 or older, obtained from the 2020 Living Profiles of Older People Survey. We measured depressive symptoms using the Korean version of the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale. The principal exposure of interest was employment status and GSEP involvement. Data analysis involved multiple linear regression. Employment, independent of income level, showed association with decreased depressive symptoms compared to unemployment (p<0.001). After adjustments for confounding variables, participation in GSEP jobs showed more significant reduction in depressive symptoms than non-GSEP jobs (β=-0.968, 95% confidence interval [CI]=-1.197 to -0.739, p<0.001 for GSEP jobs, β=-0.541, 95% CI=-0.681 to -0.401, p<0.001 for non-GSEP jobs). Notably, the lower income tertile in GSEP jobs showed a substantial reduction in depressive symptoms compared to all income tertiles in non-GSEP jobs. The lower-income GSEP group experienced lower depressive symptoms and life dissatisfaction compared to non-GSEP groups regardless of income. These findings may provide essential insights for the implementation of government policies and community-based interventions.