Implementation Of Geographic Information System Research Articles

Assessing Geospatial Technology Implementation Capacity for Natural Resource Management Networks: A Proposed Framework

Using the U.S. National Trails System (NTS), we examined the adoption and implementation of geospatial technologies for natural resource management (NRM). Technology adoption is the decision to use geographic information systems (GIS), whereby implementation represents the delivery of that technical system. We used soft technology, or the human characteristics of user skill and experience, to understand the capacity for delivery of the technical system across the network. The inter-organizational structure of geographically dispersed network members, characteristic of the NTS, provided opportunity to evaluate and compare GIS use and users for NRM. We inventoried GIS adoption and implementation for 23 trail network groups to produce a geospatial technology profile (GTP) of the NTS. Based on the GTP, we developed a framework to calculate an implementation capacity index (ICI) for each network, and then compared network capacity to the level of user engagement (application intricacy) deployed. Results show that higher implementation capacity is not indicative of higher levels of user engagement. Outcomes demonstrate the value of geocollaborative tool evaluations, highlighting the benefits of an assessment framework based on type and use of GIS platform. As an advantage in the process of evaluation, our proposed framework assists networks with implementation strategies, balancing user abilities and mapping capabilities. Additionally, the proposed framework provides a foundation to refine GIS implementation assessment for NRM networks. Understanding the range of GIS technologies and applications used by multiple, geographically dispersed networks can further inform development and deployment strategies that mitigate barriers to successful GIS implementation in inter-organizational scenarios.

Safeguarding Portuguese traditional glazed tile cultural heritage with GIS

The Portuguese word for traditional glazed tile is “azulejo” and derives from the Arabic “azuleicha”, meaning ‘small polished stone’. Deeply embedded in Portugal’s history and culture, there are countless valuable examples of traditional glazed tiles all around the country that are a significant part of the Portuguese cultural heritage and must be safeguarded and protected. In recent years there has been an increased demand for individual tiles and panels by tourist, leading to a serious national problem not only with the tiles’ theft, but also with the built environment dilapidation. This paper introduces the role that Geographic Information Systems (GIS) can play in the preservation and safeguard of traditional Portuguese glazed tile heritage, specifically on the record of these architectural elements. This technology is worldwide used to locate, inventory, manage and support heritage preservation, providing local authorities with a tool to manage tile architectural heritage interventions, enhance tourism purposes and preventing theft and illegal sale. The presented work results from a partnership between the University of Beira Interior (UBI) and Covilhã Municipality (Portugal) for the inventory of the city tile heritage. Record information sheets were developed with relevant information about the location, cultural, historic and photographic tile data. The information collected from 70 tile works was used to develop a GIS tool for glazed tile coated building facades, decorative glazed tile wall panels and toponymical glazed tile plates. The results of the first stage of GIS implementation were validated by both the research team and the municipality, foreseeing its expansion and daily use in the management of traditional Portuguese glazed tile heritage.

Potential Infiltration Determination in Areas of Influence of the Zona Bananera Aquifer in Northern Colombia

Through the implementation of geographic information systems (GIS) and images of the study area obtained by remote sensors, the curve number method (NC) was implemented in this research, in order to determine potential recharge zones in two micro-basins in the aquifer region called Zona Bananera, located in the department of Magdalena in Northern Colombia. Potential infiltration of the area was estimated and the hydrological response for precipitation events with different return periods was evaluated. The predominant hydrological soil groups were found to be A and B, with 77.4% (84115.2 ha) in the Sevilla River micro-basin and 81.6% (7466.1 ha) in La Aguja micro-basin. The Sevilla River micro-basin showed both the best water regulation and enhancement of the infiltration process, evidenced by the existence of low as well as medium values ​​of curve number and potential surface runoff. The highest values ​​of potential runoff were in the middle and lower part of the micro-basins, where there are extensive areas covered with banana crops; indicating that anthropic intervention is a determining factor in the area’s hydrological response. Under current conditions, the micro-basins show a minimal risk of erosive processes for rainfall with return periods of less than 5 years, due to runoff occurrence of less than 100 mm. Within the study area, it was found that approximately 3380 hectares show favorable conditions to contribute to the recharge of the Zona Bananera aquifer, making it a strategic conservation area.

Implementation of geographical information systems for the study of diseases caused by vector-borne arboviruses in Southeast Asia: A review based on the publication record.

The spread of mosquito-borne diseases in Southeast Asia has dramatically increased in the latest decades. These infections include dengue, chikungunya and Japanese Encephalitis (JE), high-burden viruses sharing overlapping disease manifestation and vector distribution. The use of Geographical Information Systems (GIS) to monitor the dynamics of disease and vector distribution can assist in disease epidemic prediction and public health interventions, particularly in Southeast Asia where sustained high temperatures drive the epidemic spread of these mosquito-borne viruses. Due to lack of accurate data, the spatial and temporal dynamics of these mosquito-borne viral disease transmission countries are poorly understood, which has limited disease control effort. By following studies carried out on these three viruses across the region in a specific time period revealing general patterns of research activities and characteristics, this review finds the need to improve decision-support by disease mapping and management. The results presented, based on a publication search with respect to diseases due to arboviruses, specifically dengue, chikungunya and Japanese encephalitis, should improve opportunities for future studies on the implementation of GIS in the control of mosquito-borne viral diseases in Southeast Asia.

A learner perspective on the implementation of Geographic Information Systems in selected schools in KwaZulu-Natal province

Contemporary literature reveals a plethora of studies on the implementation of Geographic Information System (GIS) in South Africa. However, these studies provide an educator’s perspective while neglecting the learner’s perspective, which is provided in this study. The researchers used a qualitative collective case study in the interpretivist paradigm. A purposive sample of five schools and 50 grade 12 learners was used in this study. The data were generated using observations, five focus group discussions and 10 interviews. This study established that the learners lacked fundamental knowledge of GIS and that GIS was not being properly taught.

Geographical information system of fire incidents data monitoring

This geographic information system is built as a tool to monitor fire incidents data, taken from the reports of the fire department. The Purpose of this study is to monitoring fire incidents data, so that it can facilitate firefighters to monitor areas that have high occurrence of fires. Therefore, they can prevent fires from occurring. The information system is expected to have benefit in decreasing the rate of fire incidents, mostly by socializing to the publics the prevention of fires in areas where it often occurs. This research was conducted by using the Unified Software Development Process methodology; starting from the analysis model stage, design model, deployment model, implementation model, and testing model. The design model used in this research is Unified Modelling Language which is tested by using the black box method. The result of this study is the implementation of geographic information system that can monitor fire incidents data through the location of the incident. Moreover, this system can improve the performance of firefighters in anticipating and preventing the incidents.

Design and Implementation of Geographic Information System Based on Environmental Dynamics in Mine Scheduling

With the development of computer technology, it is possible to visualize the demand of mine safety and production process. At the same time, the demand of mine resources for social construction and the people’s lives has been showing a rapid upward trend, which invisibly brings opportunities and challenges to the development of mine undertakings. Under the dynamic environment, mine production, transportation, ventilation, gas, power supply and industrial television operation are monitored at any time, and enterprise panoramic information is displayed from multiple angles, so as to realize timely shunt processing and tracking of dispatching information. User staff can obtain real-time information such as location, thus ensuring the safety of mining personnel and property, improving work efficiency and enterprise benefits, and further promoting the design key components of the environmental dynamic geographic information system in mine scheduling. With environmental dynamics as the regulating variable, geographic information system is an information system that collects, stores, manages, describes and analyzes data related to the earth’s surface, space and geographic distribution.

Comparing Geoinformation and Geography Students’ Spatial Thinking Skills with a Human-Geography Pedagogical Approach in a Chinese Context

We conducted a standardized spatial thinking ability test (STAT) to examine the spatial thinking abilities of a group of Chinese undergraduates with a focus on their spatial reasoning, which is a very important component of critical spatial thinking. The college subject of human geography in China is often geared toward the preparation of students for government consultancy and policy-making tasks, known as the “tasks leading disciplines” (renwu dai xueke), where the pedagogies are problem-solving based and sustainability centered. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) has become the universal tool for problem solving in geography and other areas, thus human geography in this situation gives us a context to test and investigate whether and to what extent GIS implementation is able to improve undergraduate spatial thinking levels. Our comparative analysis reported the marginally significant difference of STAT test scores between GIS application (geoinformation group) and its control group (geography group without GIS training). It was also found that the Chinese students performed the spatial reasoning better in this test than American participants as reported in prior study, displaying their higher spatial cognition in terms of problem solving and Boolean logics. Futhermore, a strong negative correlation was reported between STAT test scores and final exam rank. It is possible that the higher geography education in a context of China may not fully embrace the spatial thinking capacity as the strategic goal. The results can help us to better understand the Oriental and Western gaps in higher geography education. Policy suggestions are given in the conclusion.

GIS and touristic itineraries. The case of São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil

The Information Systems (IS) and the Internet have transformed the relations between individuals and social groups. They associated new dimensions to the tourist practices. In this study, the possibilities of use of the GIS/WebGIS by planners and managers of tourist activity, and by the end users of tourist products: tourists were highlighted. This study aims to present a methodological proposal for implementation of Geographic Information System (GIS) for the development of tourist itineraries in accordance with the tourist demand. The tourists can obtain and use specific geographic information before and during their stay at the destination. To develop the itineraries, it was drawn up the inventory of local tourist attractions, as well as the goods and services classification in the surroundings of each attraction. Subsequently, photos and textual information were added to define linear circuits used as a reference for visitor’s tours. With the itineraries publication and their use anchored in explorers (Google Maps, Open Street Maps or Waze), one hopes the procedures and techniques of support based on GIS are executed by tourist destinations, in interactive websites format and/or applications format updated by local managers. And GIS can be consolidated as a basic tool for decision-making, providing a better control of spatial concepts, expanding and intensifying the tourist experiences.

Using Problem-Based Learning (PBL) to Teach Geographic Information Science

Geographic Information Science (GIScience) is a field of study that investigates the development and use of theories, methods, technology, and data for understanding geographic processes, relationships, and patterns (Mark, 2003). Students in the discipline learn the conceptual and technical implementation of Geographic Information Systems (GIS; the analysis, storage, visualization, and management of geographic data). However, GIScience undergraduates often struggle to relate GIS theory to technical practice. In particular, students have difficulty mastering GIS tools and software and they are not well-equipped to determine the series of processes/tools required to complete geoprocessing tasks without prompts. GIScience courses commonly provide students with detailed step-by-step instructions on how to execute various GIS tools in order to solve example problems but students are eventually expected to perform the same or similar problem-solving tasks without detailed instructions.
 This workshop focuses on how to teach the technical and problem-solving skills required in GIScience courses effectively by employing a problem-based learning (PBL) model. PBL is an active learning method that increases understanding and competency. The approach focuses on problem solving, self-directed learning, team participation and cooperation (Pawson et al., 2006). PBL encourages students to use critical thinking, engages their curiosity to solve real-world problems, and promotes inquiry and interest in the subject matter (Pawson et al., 2006). A PBL approach encourages students to collaboratively solve problems in GIScience by first identifying the general steps to solve the problem and then solve those problems by determining the tools needed to process the data to come to a solution (Melero, 2010). Incorporating PBL into GIScience courses enables students to solve a larger variety of problems, promotes stronger retention of skills and theory, and better prepares them for future professional opportunities and/or academic research.

A geographycal information system to support restoration activities: a methodological approach experienced upon the case study of Ascoli Satriano Fortress

This paper deals with the development of a geographic information system (GIS), specifically designed for the restoration process of Ascoli Satriano Fortress (an important example of military architecture in the south of Italy), using as entry data its 3D modelling obtained with a standard multi-view stereo (MVS) pipeline. The work described has been developed following a methodological approach, highlighting best practices for the management of different information and the creation of specific thematic maps, demonstrating how a close cooperation between restorers and geomatics experts can be the turnkey for the conservation process of the architectural heritage. In this research, the GIS implementation proposed for the cataloguing and the management of historical buildings serves to define the abacus of the materials and the decay analysis performed by restorers The aim is to create a link between the survey’s output and both quantitative/descriptive information, useful for managing the restoration process in all the steps of the work. The management of an historical building into an integrated system enables all the actors involved in the process to be as much faithful as possible with the real building features.

Development of an enterprise Geographic Information System (GIS) integrated with smart grid

Abstract This article uses a Geographical Information System (GIS) platform to create an on-line monitoring system in order to display real-time operational data measured at different points of an electricity network. The network with all its assets will be displayed on a geographical map. This provides the electricity utilities with a tool for monitoring, control, asset management, and demand side management in a smart grid. The system is tested as a pilot using the low-voltage network at Sultan Qaboos University (SQU), Oman. The article illustrates the pilot implementation of an enterprise GIS for application in smart grids, where the technical procedures of development phases of GIS data model and GIS web application have been described in details. The developed system produces spatial representation of the electricity network and its assets including renewable energy systems with their operational data on the map of existing electrical distribution network. It provides the utilities the ability to monitor the system components and their operation performance in real time with their location on a map.

Implementation of Geographical Information System for Bacteriological Contamination Analysis on Refill Drinking Water Depot (Study in Tembalang District)

People used refilled-drinking-water for household and food stall because its efficient and low cost. Based on Indonesian Health Ministry regulation, it should not have any coliform bacteria. This study aimed to describe the bacteriological contamination of refilled drinking water using geographical information system (GIS). In this research, it was used an analytic observational method. The samples were from all available (37) depots in Tembalang district, one form each depot took used a sterile bottle. Contamination of bacteria was identified by Most Probable Number (MPN) method lactose broth media, Mac Conkey media, and IMVIC media. The depot samples were then plotted on (GIS). This study showed 95% samples were not feasible to consume since they contamined coliform. All sub-district had one that contaminated by coliform, 75% sub-districts had depots that contaminated Escherichia coli, while 55% sub-districts had depots that contaminated with other bacteria. The internal risk factors of the contamination were the absence of hygiene-sanitation worthy certificate (95%), depots location near to pollution sources (5%), and the misused of UV light. The external risk factor was lack of quality control that was not as the sterilization from office health Semarang city. Policy reinforcement should be done to all of the depots.

Implementation of geographic information system in military terrain assessment

Geographic Information System1 has made a great leap in the last two decades. On the one hand, it becomes widely used in various fields of the society. On the other hand, terrain plays significant role in the military activities of all kinds. It must be accounted for during planning and preparation of military operations. This article explores application of GIS in military terrain assessment. The proper Intelligence Preparation of the Battle space2 in the real situation would require taking into consideration many factors including terrain, weather, population, enemy, etc. However, the focus of this work is on plain terrain analysis with the aim to examine one. For this purpose, a Model in ArcGIS Desktop Model Builder has been made, which results in raster showing several classes of terrain. The method used in the analysis is a Weighted Suitability Analysis3. The results of WSA indicate that the terrain in the area of interest is favorable for movement of up to one mechanized division. Definition and classification to define terms and recognized interaction among them has been used.

Interpretation of aeromagnetic data using GIS to evaluate the geotectonic regime of the Sabinas Basin

The study present the use of Geographic Information System (GIS) to assess the geotectonic regimen of the Sabinas Basin. Initially, the GIS database was designed using geological and geophysical information (total magnetic field reduced to the pole). Subsequently, 2D models of the basin were obtained along 4 profiles running on a north-south direction. The implementation of GIS enables a geological-geophysical interpretation generating various thematic maps that overlap the magnetic map during interpretation. The analysis of overlapping maps enables the identification of areas with different geotectonic regimes in the Sabinas Basin, as well as the relationship between these environments and mineralization. The qualitative and quantitative interpretation of the aeromagnetic data obtained for the total magnetic field reduced to the pole delineate uplifted basement areas as well as shallower blocks within them. This paper presents the location of both the basin´s deepest zones and its probable faults, which can be linked to the block boundaries. The faults zones and block boundaries correspond to the main mineral deposits found in the basin. Finally, the geotectonic regime of some sectors of the basin is detailed in order to reaffirm the results obtained by the interpretation of aeromagnetic data.

FOSS Tools and Applications for Education in Geospatial Sciences

While the theory and implementation of geographic information systems (GIS) have a history of more than 50 years, the development of dedicated educational tools and applications in this field is more recent. This paper presents a free and open source software (FOSS) approach for education in the geospatial disciplines, which has been used over the last 20 years at two Italian universities. The motivations behind the choice of FOSS are discussed with respect to software availability and development, as well as educational material licensing. Following this philosophy, a wide range of educational tools have been developed, covering topics from numerical cartography and GIS principles to the specifics regarding different systems for the management and analysis of spatial data. Various courses have been implemented for diverse recipients, ranging from professional training workshops to PhD courses. Feedback from the students of those courses provides an invaluable assessment of the effectiveness of the approach, supplying at the same time directions for further improvement. Finally, lessons learned after 20 years are discussed, highlighting how the management of educational materials can be difficult even with a very open approach to licensing. Overall, the use of free and open source software for geospatial (FOSS4G) science provides a clear advantage over other approaches, not only simplifying software and data management, but also ensuring that all of the information related to system design and implementation is available.

범용 3D 그래픽 엔진의 GIS 정보 서비스를 위한 데이터 자동변환 알고리즘 개발

Geographic Information System (GIS) is a method of expressing objects in a space. Currently, many research and developments are being conducted to implement 3D GIS. In previous studies, 3D GIS applications have been developed using Unity 3D, which is a 3D engine with good development accessibility. However, it requires manual work to enter various formats of GIS data, making it difficult to immediately reflect GIS data that change frequently. To improve this problem, this study developed a method for automatically reading and outputting various GIS data from the existing Unity 3D application. The improved application could read Satellite Images, Aerial Photographs, Digital Elevation Models (DEM) and Shapefiles with no transformation through other commercial programs, and they could be implemented as 3D objects. This study automated the GIS data conversion which had been manually performed and as a result, the manpower, time, and resources required for 3D GIS implementation can be saved.

Tools to operate and manage early warning systems for natural hazards monitoring in El Salvador

This article explores the concerns from the institutions to include information from the field into geographical information systems (GIS). This task is becoming an essential action to strengthen and speed up the response to an imminent threat. Specially creating strategies supported by national plans such as risk reduction national plans, and climate change national plans among others. The research is based on the case of the Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources of El Salvador (MARN for its acronym in Spanish) that has performed various actions in monitoring disasters. The telemetry technology has started to be one of the main system for data collection. Despite the fact that El Salvador is a developing country, the first steps have been performed to form an integrated system. To develop an effective EWS in the recent year the implementation of GIS is one of the tool to manage data. Among this, different software classified in principle as an open or proprietary source exists. The research explain how the monitoring center implements such a software as one of the main bases for the daily tasks that needs to be accomplished. Therefore, we discuss two case examples to elaborate on the importance of this study (El Salvador case and Korean case). Presenting the procedures of both countries, the centers have started to use different tools that combine the use of open source software and proprietary software to develop applications that are easily understood by people and offers easy access and transmission in real time. The final product proposes is to propose an integrated and comprehensive system, sharing information in the shortest time possible, and achieving a big database available to make risk assessments would be the main goals of such a system.

Crime mapping and Geographical Information Systems in crime analysis

As essential apparatus in crime analysis, crime mapping and Geographical Information Systems (GIS) are being progressively more accepted by police agencies. Development in technology and the accessibility of geographic data sources make it feasible for police departments to use GIS and crime mapping. GIS and crime mapping can be utilized as devices to discover reasons contributing to crime, and hence let law enforcement agencies proactively take action against the crime problems before they become challenging. The purpose of this study is to conduct a literature review of Geographical Information System and Crime Mapping in Crime Analysis and to propose policy recommendations regarding to implementation of crime mapping and GIS. To achieve this purpose, first a historical evaluation of GIS and crime mapping will be rendered and then the importance of place will be explained in terms of assessing crime problems accurately.

Technology use in Rwandan secondary schools: an assessment of teachers’ attitudes towards geographic information systems (GIS)

Technology use is evident in all spheres of human endeavour. Focusing on technology use in education, this paper examines teachers’ attitudes towards geographic information system (GIS). An assessment was made of GIS teachers in Rwandan secondary schools. Key areas covered include how GIS is implemented in schools, teachers’ attitudes and perception of GIS. The survey was restricted to teachers with prior trainings in GIS to ensure that all respondents are on the same footing as regards to their knowledge and exposure to GIS. Two pathways were identified for GIS implementation in Rwandan schools. GIS is either taught as a stand-alone subject or it is used in teaching other subjects. Teachers’ attitudes were captured through their responses to seven statements. Based on the composite attitude measure, teachers’ attitudes towards GIS were positive on all aspects examined. Examining the view that GIS technology is difficult to understand and use, it was found that teacher view differed based on their gender. GIS use in Rwandan schools can improve as all teachers believe in its benefits for teaching and learning.