Implementation Of Energy Efficiency Policies Research Articles

Промышленный энергоменеджмент: оценка системы принятия решений

Increased concern about the state of the environment and, accordingly, energy problems in the 70s and 80s. last century significantly influenced the development of new policies and strategic decisions to reduce energy losses and its rational and efficient use. Reducing energy consumption through an annual reduction in energy intensity is an indicator of the implementation of energy efficiency policies. The industrial sector, being one of the main consumers of energy, pays great attention to improving its energy performance. Therefore, increasing attention is being paid to understanding the energy status, as well as the barriers and potential opportunities for implementing energy efficiency and energy conservation programs in the enterprise. One of the main roles in increasing the level of energy efficiency and energy saving of industrial enterprises is played by the energy management system, which implements relevant programs and practices. However, due to the lack of information or knowledge, as well as the high degree of uncertainty and risk in energy markets, the problem of decision making is still relevant at the very first stage of implementing an energy management program at an enterprise, so the importance of determining the parameters that should be included in the decision-making process increases. solutions, and developing an energy management strategy in accordance with the complexity and characteristics of each company. Achieving the energy transition will depend not only on the introduction of new and innovative energy-related technologies, but also on significant and in some cases radical changes in the decisions and behavior patterns of decision makers. Given that budget allocation for any investment must have not only financial but also strategic value for the company, this paper aims to identify the parameters that influence decision-making in the energy sector in industry, taking into account the critical role of energy management systems, energy efficiency and energy saving.

Assessing the effects of energy efficiency and different tariff policies on energy mix for decarbonization

The objective of this work is to evaluate the effects of different energy policies designed to favor decarbonization by increasing renewable sources. In particular, the implementation of energy efficiency policies and the application of hourly differential electricity tariffs. The Open-Source Energy Modelling System (OSeMOSYS) has been adopted to visualize the effects of each of the actions in the short, medium, and long term, from 2024 till 2046. From our results, the application of hourly differentiation tariffs does not favor either the increase in the implementation of renewable sources or decarbonization processes. The implementation of energy efficiency policies (1-1.25% annual demand decrease), in the long term, allows to reach 80% of energy production from renewable sources. In all the scenarios, the energy sources with a greater level of intermittency, such as wind or solar, strongly increased their contribution in the medium-term, thereby stabilizing their long-term contribution. Finally, the implementation of photovoltaic solar energy becomes necessary only in the long-term. It seems clear that this contribution, up to 20% of the renewable, is associated with the nuclear blackout.

ENERGY EFFICIENCY POLICY IN CIVIL ENGINEERING: OPPORTUNITIES AND PROSPECTS FOR APPLICATION

Objective. To analyze the problems of implementation of modern energy efficient systems in Ukraine. The advantages of modern technologies over outdated ones are presented. The results of the study should form the basis for the development of recommendations for improving energy efficiency in civil engineering. Problems. Today in Ukraine, solving the problem of energy saving in civil engineering remains a constant priority. Overcoming this obstacle largely determines Ukraine’s recovery from the economic crisis. According to estimates, energy consumption for heating budgetary institutions in Ukraine is 2 … 3 times higher than in the EU countries for the same needs. This is based on the obsolescence of Ukraine’s building stock from the time of intensive construction in the 1960s and 1980s. Analysis. Many countries are already successfully implementing new technologies, materials, and designs that help improve the energy efficiency of buildings. Examples include: a construction concept based on the idea of creating a building that does not require active heating and cooling – a «passive house», the use of SIP panels made from recycled materials, the use of double-glazed windows with «warm edge» technology, the creation of energy-efficient envelope structures such as the construction projects «The Edge», «ZEB Pilot House», «BedZed». Scientific novelty. Analysis of current problems of energy efficiency policy implementation in Ukraine in terms of various aspects, such as legal, economic, technical, social, etc. Cases of successful implementation of energy efficient measures and technologies in civil engineering in European countries are considered. Practical significance. The analysis of the real energy status of the country’s building stock is the basis for the development and support of energy efficiency policy. The considered cases of energy efficient technologies implementation can become an important source of information for Ukrainian construction specialists, which will significantly improve the energy efficiency of new buildings, reduce energy dependence on critical infrastructure, save money for civilians and improve the comfort of living conditions.

How to improve energy efficiency policies to address energy poverty? Literature and stakeholder insights for private rented housing in Europe

Households in the private rented sector (i.e., households renting properties at a market rate from a private landlord), and especially those of lower income, face far more energy poverty issues than the general population, meaning that they are often unable to afford socially and materially required levels of energy services. In this context, energy efficiency policies are of the outmost importance as they can improve households' living conditions and contribute to the alleviation of energy poverty. Nevertheless, when it comes to the private rented sector across Europe, implementing such policies is hindered by several barriers. Our article sheds light on structural factors that serve as barriers to, and solutions for, the implementation of energy efficiency policies in the private rented sector across Europe. Our approach is twofold: first, an in-depth desk research is performed to identify financial, social, political/regulatory, and technical barriers and solutions. Literature findings are then supplemented and validated by a European-wide survey, eliciting knowledge embedded in 64 relevant stakeholders and field experts. Our findings indicate that although financial barriers are always of the essence, a holistic assessment of barriers is required, as there is a lack of awareness about policies that could improve tenants' living conditions. They also provide possible solutions that governmental bodies at all levels and other organisations could implement to improve energy efficiency and tackle energy poverty. Overall, our work suggests key implications, which, if acted upon, could accelerate the deployment of energy efficiency policies in the private rented sector across Europe.

Targeting Energy Efficiency through Air Conditioning Operational Modes for Residential Buildings in Tropical Climates, Assisted by Solar Energy and Thermal Energy Storage. Case Study Brazil

Economy and parsimony in the consumption of energy resources are becoming a part of common sense in practically all countries, although the effective implementation of energy efficiency policies still has a long way to go. The energy demand for residential buildings is one of the most significant energy sinks. We focus our analysis on one of the most energy-consuming systems of residential buildings located in regions of tropical climate, which are cooling systems. We evaluate to which degree the integration of thermal energy storage (TES) and photovoltaic (PV) systems helps to approach an annual net zero energy building (NZEB) configuration, aiming to find a feasible solution in the direction of energy efficiency in buildings. To conduct the simulations, an Energy Efficiency Analysis Framework (EEAF) is proposed. A literature review unveiled a potential knowledge gap about the optimization of the ASHRAE operational modes (full storage load, load leveled, and demand limiting) for air conditioning/TES sets using PV connected to the grid. A hypothetical building was configured with detailed loads and occupation profiles to simulate different configurations of air conditioning associated with TES and a PV array. Using TRNSYS software, a set of scenarios was simulated, and their outputs are analyzed in a life cycle perspective using life cycle costing (LCC). The modeling and simulation of different scenarios allowed for identifying the most economic configurations from a life cycle perspective, within a safe range of operability considering the energy efficiency and consequently the sustainability aspects of the buildings. The EEAF also supports other profiles, such as those in which the occupancy of residential buildings during the day is increased due to significant changes in people’s habits, when working and studying in home office mode, for example. These changes in habits should bring a growing interest in the adoption of solar energy for real-time use in residential buildings. The results can be used as premises for the initial design or planning retrofits of buildings, aiming at the annual net zero energy balance.

The regional disparity of per-capita CO2 emissions in China’s building sector: An analysis of macroeconomic drivers and policy implications

There are significant regional differences in CO2 emissions in China’s building sector. Analyzing and understanding this geographic inequality and its drivers is crucial for balanced regional development and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reduction. In this paper, we estimated the CO2 emissions of China’s building sector at the provincial level and then calculated the Theil Index of per-capita CO2 emissions generated from different building types. Based on these results, a Kaya identity was applied to analyze the drivers of the inequality in CO2 emissions across China. We found that the inequality index of the different types of buildings makes a significant difference. In general, the Theil Index for public buildings and urban buildings is higher than that for rural buildings. Income, energy intensity and energy mix are the principal drivers of regional disparity of per-capita emissions. Economic growth helps to narrow regional disparities for residential buildings, but its contribution is not significant for public buildings. For all building types, energy intensity is the primary contributor to emissions inequality, and the imbalanced implementation of energy efficiency policies is a leading factor. Energy mix plays an increasing role in the regional disparities of per-capita CO2 emissions, especially for rural buildings. Reducing these regional disparities is crucial to China’s goal of achieving peak GHG emissions and reaching carbon neutrality. This paper highlights the importance of per-capita CO2 emissions in formulating carbon peak planning, allocating regional emissions reduction targets, formulating building energy policies and allocating low-carbon resources.

Using energy of compressed natural gas as an environmentally safe source of heat energy of the heating system of the industrial premises

The housing and utilities system is extremely energy-intensive and currently impedes the implementation of energy efficiency policies. In this regard, the development of science-based technology for environmentally friendly resource-saving consumption of compressed natural gas, as a source of thermal energy, is becoming relevant. The article describes the technical solution for using the energy of compressed natural gas as a source of thermal energy, which consists in using a vortex heat exchanger in the heating system of a gas control station, which allows you to generate thermal energy due to technologically unused energy, which is the pressure drop between high and medium gas pipelines as well as medium and low pressure natural gas. This technical solution is aimed at reducing energy costs and ensuring environmental safety when using compressed natural gas as a source of thermal energy. To determine the possibility of practical use of this technical solution in the production room for installing gas control equipment, an analytical expression of the temperature of the wet gas mixture after the process of condensate-evaporative heat and mass transfer in a vortex heat exchanger has been obtained, which allows us to predict the parameters of the coolant in the heating system of the production room.

An economic approach to strategic vectors’ formation for strengthening the state energy security

The relevance of the research on strengthening the country’s energy security is stipulated by modern challenges, unstable economic situation in the country and the change in strategic tasks of Ukraine’s development in the direction of strengthening its energy independence. The goal of the article was to determine the essence of the country’s energy security and strategic vectors of its development on the basis of economic approach. Methods of logical generalization and data systematization, graphic method of data visualization, comparative analysis of statistical data and performance indicators of stations to identify interdependencies between data have been applied to achieve the goal of the study. Scientific approaches to defining the notion of energy security have been analysed. The analysis of economic approach to considering the essence of energy security is presented. The economic approach provides for three tools for the successful and effective development of the energy sector: the development of renewable energy sources, energy efficiency and energy diversification. Analytical data on the implementation of alternative energy sources in Ukraine, their investment attractiveness and operating costs have been studied. The costs of electricity production using various technologies have been considered and it has been discovered that wind and solar power plants are the least expensive and have the potential for effective operation on the territory of Ukraine. It was revealed that the lack of policy on the energy-efficient use of resources and its investment development strategy reduces the level of competitiveness among business representatives. Key directions for strengthening the country’s energy security have been formulated based on the obtained data of the analysis. The results of the research will enable energy companies to develop effective solutions for the successful implementation of energy efficiency policies and will serve as key aspects when searching for potential investors and partners

Agent-based modelling in environmental policy analysis

This paper is a summary of the research developed in the author’s Ph.D. programme. The case study deals with the implementation of Energy Efficiency policies in the Building sector of the Lazio Region and carries out an ABM analysis of the impacts of training on the social actors involved. Its purpose is to reproduce the social mechanisms through the study of the actors’ actions with ABM in order to evaluate socio-economic impacts by interconnecting the social and economic variables by means of the Social Accounting Matrix (SAM).

ENERGY EFFICIENCY AS A FACTOR OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN KAZAKHSTAN

The principles of sustainable development and the green economy are aimed at improving energy efficiency. Kazakhstan’s joining the international environmental movement testifies to the country's desire to reduce the energy intensity of the economy and to carry out practical actions aimed at sustainable development. This is confirmed by target indicators in the field of energy efficiency, which are reflected in the documents of the State Planning System of the Republic of Kazakhstan and are aimed at increasing energy security, labor productivity, the rational use of budget funds, as well as improving the health and welfare of citizens. The current energy balance of Kazakhstan is dominated by coal, used primarily by thermal power plants to generate electricity. Therefore, GDP’s high energy intensity is indicative of irrational energy consumption, which is accompanied by an increase in environmental pollution. This paper gives a review of some aspects of the energy saving sphere and the international energy saving experience, as well as analyzes the current situation with regard to the implementation of energy efficiency policies in Kazakhstan. The study shows that the domestic economy has a significant energy saving potential in key sectors of the economy, identifies energy efficiency problems, and proposes solutions to them.

Low Carbon Transition of Residential Electricity Consumption in Nigeria: A System Dynamics Modeling Approach

It is imperative that Nigeria reduces wastage in residential electricity consumption and motivate energy saving behaviors through energy efficiency measures. These strategies aim to minimize frequent power sheds, which in turn increase reliability, thus benefiting the environment and electricity consumers. This article examines the effects of such innovative approaches to electricity savings in Nigeria through: 1) prepaid electricity metering systems and 2) fast replacements of inefficient and aging appliances. Relationships between residential electricity consumption, energy efficiency, and carbon footprint were also assessed vis-a-vis the replacement of old energy appliances and analogue electricity billing systems with more efficient devices and through prepaid metering systems, respectively. These techniques intend to promote energy saving behaviors. A System Dynamics model built on Stella platform, is used to analyze the implication of energy efficiency policy implementation on residential electricity consumption based on a simulation period of 41 years (2010 - 2050). Secondary data were sourced from the Bureau of Statistics, published articles, Nigerian power sector, World Bank, and primary data using cross sectional surveys of residential electricity consumers. Results, not only revealed that availability and utilization of prepaid electric meters and efficient appliances would motivate electricity saving behaviors, but also showed that efficient technologies could be the main drivers to future energy savings. Results also showed that carbon emissions were cut down by 45% in 2050. In addition, changes in electricity tariffs did not have any consequential effect on electricity consumption, but would rather influence electricity demand. Also, large number of occupant per house might have a negative impact on the Nigerian economic growth. Finally, results suggest that subsidies should be used on new household appliances as an effective energy policy measures. The developed model can be replicated in similar sectors in other emerging economies.

THE MAIN DIRECTIONS OF IMPROVING ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN THE TRANSPORT SECTOR

The article deals with the actual problems of providing the economy with energy-efficient vehicles. The global development trend of the transport sector is its environmental and energyefficient orientation. In Kazakhstan, at the state level, legislative measures and concepts for the introduction and development of the "green" economy are being taken. The article analyzes the causes of high energy consumption in transport, the main directions of implementation of energy efficiency policy in transport. On the example of the largest metropolis of Kazakhstan – Almaty, the main measures to ensure sustainable development of transport, reducing emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere are presented. Also, the international experience in reducing air pollution by exhaust gases is considered, recommendations for its use are given. Energy-efficient focus of the transport sector will ensure the transition of the cities of Kazakhstan to the modern level of development and sustainability, in accordance with the best international practices and strategic documents of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

Strategic management of competitiveness of energy enterprises

Nowadays, Russia is implementing its strategy of import substitution in main sectors of the national economy, including agriculture. Its goal in agriculture is to achieve certain indices of food self-sufficiency in basic types of food. An urgent question arises of how to achieve food security at federal and regional levels. The study methodology is based on achievements of classical and neoclassical economics in the field of competition analysis, theory of agricultural economy, strategic management school in the sphere of studying competitive advantages and assessment of competitiveness of different-level economic systems. Strategic management implies performing SWOT analysis, identifying the mission and goals of sustainable development of the regional agroindustrial complex, involving implementation of energy-efficiency policy, optimization of the crop areas structure and systemic development of fodder and livestock production.

Improvement of Russian energy efficiency strategy within the framework of "green economy" concept (based on the analysis of experience of foreign countries)

Analysis of Russian energy saving potential and experience of implementation of energy efficiency policy in Russia at the present stage showed that the domestic economy has considerable potential energy savings, but their implementation requires intensifying the activities of the State in this area, particularly with regard to overcoming the identified reasons for the low efficiency of national economy. Government activities in the field of energy saving and energy efficiency in Russia was initiated in 2008 and a significant legal and regulatory framework was developed as a basis for it, however, despite the positive examples, the objectives set for energy intensity reduction are not being met, and the overall level of implementation of government interventions in energy efficiency in industries is insufficient. This paper proposes the author's approach to Russian energy efficiency strategy, which, based on international experience, sets out priorities for improving the energy efficiency policies.

An incandescent truth: Disparities in energy-efficient lighting availability and prices in an urban U.S. county

In the U.S. lighting represents about 9% of the average household's primary energy consumption and 20% of the average household's energy bill. Lighting in U.S. homes is in a state of transition with steady growth in the adoption of more energy-efficient lighting technology, such as, compact florescent lamps (CFL) and light-emitting diodes (LEDs). However, the adoption of energy-efficient lighting is not equitably distributed across socioeconomic groups, with poorer households less likely to adopt than higher-income households. This case study in Wayne County, Michigan explores the lack of parity in energy-efficient lighting adoption from an energy justice perspective by evaluating distributional disparities in light bulb availability and price in 130 stores across four poverty strata and five store types for a more holistic understanding of potential barriers for poorer households. We found that (1) energy-efficient bulbs were less available in high-poverty areas and smaller stores; (2) energy-efficient bulbs were more expensive in high-poverty areas and smaller stores; (3) upgrade costs from incandescent and halogen lamps (IHLs) to CFLs or LEDs were higher in high poverty areas; and (4) both poverty and store type were significant predictors of LED availability, while store type was the most significant predictor of LED price variability. We suggest several ways that the development and implementation of energy efficiency policies and programs may consider these disparities that affect access and affordability, in order to achieve a more just energy-efficient transition.

IMPROVEMENT OF RUSSIAN ENERGY EFFICIENCY STRATEGY WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF "GREEN ECONOMY" CONCEPT (BASED ON THE ANALYSIS OF EXPERIENCE OF FOREIGN COUNTRIES)

Ponte Academic JournalJul 2018, Volume 74, Issue 7 IMPROVEMENT OF RUSSIAN ENERGY EFFICIENCY STRATEGY WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF "GREEN ECONOMY" CONCEPT (BASED ON THE ANALYSIS OF EXPERIENCE OF FOREIGN COUNTRIES) Author(s): Matraeva Liliia ,Solodukha Petr, Erokhin Sergey, Babenko MariaJ. Ponte - Jul 2018 - Volume 74 - Issue 7 doi: 10.21506/j.ponte.2018.7.4 Abstract:Analysis of Russian energy saving potential and experience of implementation of energy efficiency policy in Russia at the present stage showed that the domestic economy has considerable potential energy savings, but their implementation requires intensifying the activities of the State in this area, particularly with regard to overcoming the identified reasons for the low efficiency of national economy. Government activities in the field of energy saving and energy efficiency in Russia was initiated in 2008 and a significant legal and regulatory framework was developed as a basis for it, however, despite the positive examples, the objectives set for energy intensity reduction are not being met, and the overall level of implementation of government interventions in energy efficiency in industries is insufficient. This paper proposes the author's approach to Russian energy efficiency strategy, which, based on international experience, sets out priorities for improving the energy efficiency policies. Download full text:Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution Username Password

Conclusions

Conclusions

Energy Efficiency and Policy Analysis for Household in DI Yogyakarta (Yogyakarta special Region) Indonesia

Energy demands has been increasing in every sector from time to time, due to the increasing number of population. In the last three decades, the decreasing energy supply also has given big impact on the energy price. The common policies in energy consumption sector are; (a) increase energy supply or (b) reduce energy consumption. The objective of this project was to simulate energy efficiency action plan and analyze the impact on energy efficiency in household by reducing energy consumption. Survey has been done to collect data on common used devices in household. Information about price, and energy consumption of the devices are collected. Energy efficiency can be done through two ways: (1) technology from energy intensive equipment to more energy-efficient equipment, and (2) consumer behavior. Households will only be attracted to apply energy efficiency measure with several considerations: low initial investment, short payback period of that investment, high total energy and cost savings. By applying several energy efficiency scenarios, we can simulate the saving of the government by spending fewer subsidies, and also saving from household by spending less energy cost, and payback period. The analysis demonstrated that replacing old appliances with newer technology would decrease energy consumption; on the other hand investing on new appliances will increase household spending. Further payback period has been simulated with and without subsidy. Effective implementation of energy efficiency policies for appliances and equipment relies upon the use of accurate energy performance measurement standards and protocols. It was suggested that energy performance measurement standards and protocols should be provided in place and was regularly updating.

An Empirical Assessment of Participatory Governance Structures in Electricity Regulation

Despite burgeoning scholarly interest in multi-actor governance, we have limited empirical evidence about the way that stakeholder participation in policy implementation affects policy outcomes. Scholars have theorized that stakeholder involvement may influence policy outcomes by providing resources that improve agencies’ capability to implement policies, or acting as a political counterweight to dominant business interests in regulatory processes; alternately, stakeholders may simply legitimize agency decisions without affecting outcomes. This paper examines stakeholder involvement in state energy efficiency policy implementation from 2001-2010 and empirically tests the impact of different types of stakeholder participation on policy outcomes. The paper finds stakeholders have no effect on policy outcomes when their involvement is limited to information provision, but that when stakeholders are allowed to propose savings goals and programs early in the policy process, they have a significant and positive effect on policy outcomes.

Energy efficiency in the transport sector: policy evolution and evaluation in some european countries

In the last years Energy Efficiency (EE) has become an important issue in the public policy makers' agenda due to ambitious objectives of the European Commission to reduce energy consumption by 20% in 2020. Many countries have adopted state-level EE programs targeted to include Energy Saving (ES) policy mixes in different sectors including transportation that is among the most energy intensive ones. The aims of this paper are to: i) report briefly the macroareas of state-level transport EE policies related to the transport sector, ii) verify the level of implementation of these policies among some European countries, iii) highlight, for each country considered, the EE measures adopted up to 2007 and compare the results obtained, iv) evaluate the implementation of EE transport successful measures adopted by each respective National Energy Agency (NEAs), and finally v) compare the main results deriving from EE policy implementation. In particular, in this last objective we adapted the good practice policy mix framework for car passenger transport proposed by the AID-EE Project at the information obtained from countries' National Energy Programmes (NEPs) updated to 2007.