Implementation Of Control Functions Research Articles

The Concept of the Mechanism of Competitive State Policy at the Regional Level

The mechanism of formation and implementation of competitive state policy at the regional level has been improved based on the generalization of a set of elements, namely: subject (public administration bodies); goal (effective protection of competition and development of a competitive environment to ensure sustainable economic development of the regional economy); means (system of antimonopoly legislation (AMZ), program documents, finances (benefits and preferences, etc.), information on the competitive environment); form (protective - mainly direct regulation; active - mainly indirect influence); methods (protective, active, indirect); tools (legal and economic regulation); model (hard, soft); object (competitive environment, market structure, competitive relations, market subjects, activities of public administration bodies). It was determined that competitive policy at the regional level is interdependent with other elements of the national economic policy system of the state. At the same time, modern competitive policy at the regional level can rightfully be considered an independent area of activity of state authorities. Value goals of competitive policy at the regional level are considered. Achieving the goal of competitive policy at the regional level involves solving the following tasks: effective implementation of control functions to identify and stop anti-competitive activities of business entities and public administration bodies; formation of a competitive environment and improvement of its condition due to the reduction of unjustified barriers to entry and doing business in the market, as well as the development of infrastructure to ensure access to it by interested market participants; creation of conditions for the development of competitive business entities; implementation of competition development measures in regions and individual areas. It was concluded that competitive policy at the regional level in a general sense includes two key directions in its structure: protection of competition (defensive competitive policy) and development of competition (active competitive policy). In modern conditions, competition advocacy is understood as a complex of actions of the subjects of competition policy, aimed at strengthening the competitive environment by using mechanisms that are not exclusively elements of the system of coercion to comply with the established rules for the application of sanctions based on administrative procedures and court decisions. It was revealed that the state policy in the field of competition protection and development is interdependent and interconnected with other elements of the country's national economic policy system. Based on the generalization of the set of elements of competitive state policy at the regional level, the mechanism of its formation and implementation is disclosed.

Automated PLC Code Generation for the Implementation of Mode-Based Control Algorithms in Buildings

Faulty programming of control functions in Building Automation and Control Systems (BACS) might result in inefficient building operations. To reduce programming errors, an automated implementation process of control functions might be a promising solution. Recently, Building Information Modeling (BIM) contributes to digitizing building construction projects but is rarely used in the planning and implementation of control functions in BACS. The control description in BIM also remains unclear. Regarding these problems, a control documentation method for BIM and an automated control implementation approach can simplify control implementation in BACS and hence improve the building operation. In the previous work, we developed the MODI method for a structured planning process of mode-based control algorithms for building energy systems. This method showed the potential to support digitized control planning and implementation in BACS. Based on this, in this paper, we introduce a documentation method to report mode-based control algorithms in the industrial foundation class (IFC), enabling data sharing among BIM, and a software-assisted approach to automatically generate PLC codes for implementing these algorithms. The case study demonstrates the documentation of a desired mode-based control strategy for an energy supply network in IFC and the implementation of this strategy in a PLC program. In the simulation phase, we test the implemented control strategy to verify the functionalities of the PLC program. The results prove that mode-based control strategies can be fully automatically implemented in a PLC program based on IFC data.

Research of functions implemented by digital platforms in the field of employment

The expansion of the use of digital platforms in the field of employment actualizes the study of models, methods and algorithm of their functioning. The spread of forms of non-traditional employment based on the activities of digital platforms leads to the need to introduce functions that allow monitoring issues of social, medical insurance, labor protection of employees. As a research method, a three-stage algorithm for describing the functions implemented in the course of the activities of Russian digital platforms is proposed. The result of the study of forty-four Russian digital platforms operating in the field of employment of the population allowed us to conclude about the weak implementation of control functions through the digital platform for the realization of the rights to social and medical insurance and labor protection of workers. At the same time, the correlation between the degree of implementation of the functions of the digital platform and the number of active users has been revealed, which indicates the importance of the factor of functional fullness for the activities of the digital platform. The expansion of the use of digital platforms in the field of employment actualizes the study of models, methods and algorithm of their functioning. The spread of forms of non-traditional employment based on the activities of digital platforms leads to the need to introduce functions that allow monitoring issues of social, medical insurance, labor protection of employees. As a research method, a three-stage algorithm for describing the functions implemented in the course of the activities of Russian digital platforms is proposed. The result of the study of forty-four Russian digital platforms operating in the field of employment of the population allowed us to conclude about the weak implementation of control functions through the digital platform for the realization of the rights to social and medical insurance and labor protection of workers. At the same time, the correlation between the degree of implementation of the functions of the digital platform and the number of active users has been revealed, which indicates the importance of the factor of functional fullness for the activities of the digital platform.

Control function of finance and its application in public financial management

Subject. The article investigates the essence of control function of finance, its implementation in the system of economic relations, and application in the public administration sector. Objectives. The aim is to substantiate the thesis that it is necessary to develop theoretical approaches to the implementation of control function of finance to improve public administration in the Russian Federation. Methods. I employ universal methods of scientific knowledge, like analysis, synthesis, generalization, abstraction, and methods of modeling, induction and deduction. Results. The study indicates boundaries of the difference between audit and financial control, demonstrates options for using the opportunities provided by the control function of finance within the financial system of the Soviet Union and the financial system of a modern democratic federal State with a market economy. Using the case of the health care reform failure in the Russian Federation, I show a possible negative impact of the control function of finance, if incorrect approach to its implementation is applied. Conclusions. At present, it is impossible to implement the opportunities provided by the control function of finance in public administration in the Russian Federation, as there are no approaches to formulating the financial result of activities of institutions rendering public services. Nevertheless, it is necessary to apply certain methods to select optimal management decisions, since measuring the performance of public institutions in physical terms is either very cumbersome or impossible. I suggest using the experience of the Soviet Union in the development of financial indicators of enterprise performance.

Toolkit of control functions of the parliamentary committee (example of science and higher education)

Regulatory and legal framework for the implementation of control functions in the committees of the Ukrainian Parliament is considered. The list of tools of control functions is summarized: hearings in the committee, consideration of control issues, conducting “round tables” and field meetings, etc. Peculiarities of legislative support in the spheres of education and science as an object and subject of parliamentary control are analyzed. The work practice of the Committee of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine on Education, Science and Innovation in the implementation of control functions during committee hearings was studied.

ЗАРУБІЖНИЙ ДОСВІД СТРУКТУРУВАННЯ ПУБЛІЧНОЇ СЛУЖБИ

The article deals with the structuring of the system of public administration in the context of scientific debate about the relationship between political and administrative process of public administration. In terms of this discussion the points of fundamental importance for theory and practice of management, particularly in developed democracies, are as follows: structure of public administration, composition of its elements and their role in management; public service, its scope, interrelation with other categories of employees; the role of administrative staff in the political process; the importance of interaction between public officials and politicians. It is justified that studying the experience of public administration in developed democracies acquires relevance in connection with the spread of European integration and the reform of public administration in accordance with European standards. Implementation of control functions in continental and Anglo-Saxon models of democracy has been considered. It is shown that the most important element of public administration is also coordination of all elements of the management system. Definition of the term "a public servant" used in different countries has been analyzed. It is stated that at the beginning of XXI century the role of public service in these countries has increased with the emergence of new areas of regulation that required the participation of public sector in control actions and in most activities directly. In the presence of numerous "special" characteristics inherent in post-socialist countries or post-colonial systems, as well as "individual" traits peculiar to each state separately, "in general" it is substantial to create a public service that would meet the needs of a particular political and administrative system in the modern conditions of world globalization.

Evaluation of the efficiency of providing social and service services by the police of the countries of Western Europe and Ukraine

The authors have identified means and methods of assessing the effectiveness of the provision of social and service services by the police and the state of their legislative consolidation. The efficiency and expediency of their application are clarified in view of the positive international experience in the imple-mentation of control functions of civil society over the activities of the police. Taking into account the international experience of assessing the quality of police services, effective criteria for a comprehensive assessment of service activities of the National Police have been proposed, which are divided into four blocks.

MANAGEMENT CONTROL IN IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SOCIAL PROGRAM

The research discusses its linkage to the notion of control in contents and functional aspects as a function of management and as a form of social relation introducing the concepts of management control and social control substantiated by the main functions of management and presenting the process of the implementation of control function positioning the management control into the social system. Furthermore, the control functions are scrutinized in connection to its turning into a factor generating ideas of change and innovativeness, a main factor of success and establishment of integrated control systems.

Management Control in Implementation of the Social Program

The research discusses its linkage to the notion of control in contents and functional aspects as a function of management and as a form of social relation introducing the concepts of management control and social control substantiated by the main functions of management and presenting the process of the implementation of control function positioning the management control into the social system. Furthermore, the control functions are scrutinized in connection to its turning into a factor generating ideas of change and innovativeness, a main factor of success and establishment of integrated control systems.

Критерій ефективності в аналізі та державному аудиті публічних закупівель

Public procurement in Ukraine was and, unfortunately, remains one of the main areas of corruption abuse at all levels of government; as a result, the state suffers significant financial losses. Therefore, the state external financial audit, which is carried out by the Accounts Chamber of Ukraine, is an important component of the public procurement control system. Checking the effectiveness of public procurement is a rather complicated procedure, because effectiveness can be evaluated in different ways. The purpose of the article is to reveal the essence of the concept of from the standpoint of the implementation of control functions by the subjects of audit. The comparative analysis of the state audit forms was carry out. The conceptual models for increasing the efficiency of state institutions were systematized. It was determined that the issues of performance audit of public procurement may include: general issues (strategic (pragmatic), current, industry, social, environmental) that are used to assess the effectiveness of the public procurement process at the level of customers and participants; individual questions used to assess the effectiveness of an individual purchase at the level of any customer. It was revealed that the performance audit of public procurement as a component of state external financial control provides for verification on the basis of such criteria as: thrift, effectiveness, successfulness. The object of the performance audit is all types of resources (budget funds, state property, labor resources), as well as the mechanism for their transformation into a final product (service). The optimization of transformation mechanism is the most important task of performance audit. It was proved that the assessment of overall effectiveness is impossible without the existence of additional criteria and their integrated application with basic ones. The authors propose the following additional criteria: the timeliness, quality, expediency of public procurement. These criteria have a significant impact on the financial and social aspects of the further use of goods and services purchased through public procurement at the expense of state or local budgets, and therefore must be taken into account when conducting performance audit.

Development of a Fuel Quantity based Engine Control Unit Software Architecture

Conventionally diesel engines are controlled in open loop with maps based on engine speed and throttle position wherein fuel quantity is indirectly fixed using the rail pressure and injection duration maps with engine speed and throttle position as the independent variables which are measured by the respective sensors. In this work an engine control unit (ECU) software architecture where fuel quantity is directly specified in relation to the driver demand was implemented by modifying the control logic of a throttle position based framework. A desired fuel quantity for a given engine speed and throttle position was mapped from base line experiments on the reference engine. Injection durations and rail pressure required for this quantity was mapped on a fuel injector calibration test bench. The final calculation of injection duration in the new architecture is calculated using the fuel injector model. This enables determination of fuel quantity injected at any moment which directly indicates the torque produced by the engine at a given speed enabling smoke limited fuelling calculations and easing the implementation of control functions like all-speed governing.

Молодежь в системе реализации политики государственного и социального контроля в СССР (1927—1929 гг.)

The article studies the experience of the organization of youth associations created to implement the functions of social and state control in the USSR. It is shown that in the late 1920s, the youth movement has developed from a few groups of Komsomol control to the mass participation of boys and girls in the implementation of control functions. The authors focus on the participation of young people in the sections of the Worker-Peasant Inspection and creation of “light cavalry” units, which directed their activities to rationalize the work of state institutions, prompt consideration of complaints of the population, self-identification of shortcomings. The basic forms of organizational structure of youth control units, the causes of organizational difficulties at the initial stage of their operation are revealed. Having made a conclusion about expediency of inclusion of youth in activity on improvement of public administration, the authors nevertheless note that already at the initial stage of activity of “light cavalry” in the organizational sphere opposite tendencies were shown: development of self-government and work pro bono was opposed by bureaucracy of the Komsomol asset duplicating the negative moments in style of work of mentors from party-state apparatus. The materials of the Russian State Archive of Social and Political History are widely used in the study, the evidence of contemporaries is involved.

Контроль як засіб саморегулювання будівельної галузі

The article is devoted to the study of the features of the implementation of self-regulatory organizations of the control function, which is attributed by the author to the group of organizational and managerial means of self-regulation of economic activity in General and the construction industry in particular. Separately, the article examines the positive foreign experience (Germany, USA, Japan, etc.) of the implementation of control functions by self-regulatory organizations.

TAX COMPLIANCE AND THE CHOICE OF AN OPTIMUM STRATEGY FOR THE ECONOMIC AGENTS

The strategy analysis of taxpayer behavior while observing tax law requires weakening of traditional initial assumptions in order to take into account the subjective character of economic agents’ reaction to tax system changes. The aim of the given research is to identify the appropriate model of taxpayers’ behavior in conditions of the tax control procedures transformation. The research methodology is based on the synthesis of the neo-classical concept of individual’s rational choice, and on the assumptions of behavioral economics, which allowed considering the problem of tax evasion as the situation of social interaction among economic agents in decentralized system by taking into account their individual interests. The results of modeling demonstrated that tightening tax surveillance procedures undermines the coordination of interaction among autonomous tax groups. It leads to the growth of the possibility to select deviant behavior models. In this case the growth of tax management system efficiency expresses in budget income maximization, and is possible only by means of the extensive development of tax control procedures. The optimal strategy of the government behavior is using multimodal approach based on the partial replacement of control function for the cooperative strategy of tax subjects’ interaction to reduce the natural taxpayer opportunism rate. And as an exceptional measure the harsh sanctions aimed to resist the deviant models of behavior are used. In this case the optimal choice for a taxpayer will depend additionally on the changes of social norms and stereotypes of behavior that characterize the quality of the institutional environment changes Highlights 1. Creation of the tax law observance models is necessary to recognize the existence of differentiated reaction to the actions of the state regarding the implementation of control functions. It demands weakening of the main assumptions of a rather rational behavior of economic agents 2. Prevalence of the rigid control function in the system of tax administration leads to the fact that this hierarchical system, which possesses the criterion function connected with maximizing the controllability of the system will never be able to increase the efficiency due to transition to a condition of decentralization 3. Change of tax control forms is possible based on introducing the procedures of “horizontal monitoring” of “a fair play of initiatives”. It increases loyalty and trust by introducing the strategy of cooperation between taxpayers and the bodies of control For citation Molodykh V. A., Rubezhnoy A. A. Tax Compliance and the Choice of an Optimum Strategy for the Economic Agents. Journal of Tax Reform , 2017, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 216–225. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/jtr.2017.3.3.041 Article info Received October 30, 2017 ; accepted December 1, 2017

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ЗДІЙСНЕННЯ КОНТРОЛЮ В УМОВАХ РОЗВИТКУ ОСВІТНІХ СИСТЕМ

The article examines the features of control in the development of education systems. It is concluded that in order to increase the efficiency of education management depending on the level of development of the education system, control in it should be implemented on the basis of differentiated participation in the control activities of public structures involved in the educational process. In a rigid education system, control is exercised by the management of the institution almost without the participation of public structures. In the system with delegated managerial powers, it is advisable to involve the self-governing bodies of the educational institution in the implementation of certain micro-functions of control in educational subsystems. In a «soft» education system, the self-governing bodies of an educational institution can be involved in the implementation of individual micro-functions of control in the education system or in the implementation of control functions in its subsystems as a whole. In the system with network interactions, it is expedient to transfer control functions to self-governing bodies of the institution both in the education system as a whole and in its subsystems; other public structures included in the educational process may be involved in the implementation of certain micro-functions of control in the subsystems of the educational system. In the synergetic education system, it is expedient to delegate control functions in the educational system and its subsystems to the self-governing bodies of the institution; public structures involved in the educational process may be involved in the implementation of individual micro-functions of control in the education system or in the implementation in its subsystems of control functions as a whole. That is, the article substantiates that depending on the level of development of the educational institution, it is advisable to control it on the basis of differentiated participation in control measures of concerned public structures, ensuring the implementation of differentiated participatory control in the system. At the same time, further research requires into the use of optimal methods of control, the choice of which may also largely depend on the level of development of the education system.

A Distributed Generation Control Architecture for Islanded AC Microgrids

In this paper, we propose a distributed architecture for generation control in islanded ac microgrids with both synchronous generators and inverter-interfaced power supplies. Although they are smaller and have lower ratings, the generation control objectives for an islanded microgrid are similar to those in large power systems, e.g., bulk power transmission networks; specifically, without violating limits on generator power output, frequency must be regulated and generation costs should be minimized. However, in large power systems, the implementation of the generation control functions is centralized, i.e., there is a computer that resides in a centralized location, e.g., a control center, with measurements and control signals telemetered between the generating units and the centrally located computer. The architecture for generation control that we propose in this paper does not rely on such a centrally located computer. Instead, the implementation of the control functions is distributed and relies on iterative algorithms that combine local measurements and certain information acquired from neighboring generating units with local, low-complexity computations. We provide analytical and experimental results that verify the effectiveness of the proposed architecture for generation control in islanded microgrids, and illustrate the performance of the aforementioned distributed algorithms under a variety of scenarios.

China and Democracy

China and Democracy Sources arid Resources Mireille DelmasMarty and PierreEtienne Will (eds.), La Chine et la democratie, (China and Democracy) Paris, Fayard, 2007, 896 pp.The contributors to La Chine et la democratie, edited by Mireille Delmas-Marty and Pierre-Etienne Will, address following question: To what extent does Chinese political culture, in both its historical dimension and in a larger sense Chinese in general, contain elements capable of adjusting to values and practices of modern democratic liberalism offered as an example to China over past century or more (l)The book, made up of 21 chapters grouped into six sections, takes reader from past to present, with some authors contributing more than one chapter. The chapters by Anne Cheng and Pierre-Etienne Will in first section, Tradition and reconstruction, challenge some of received ideas on China that feed images of country in Western imagination. Will retraces contrasting images of China in nineteenth century European authors' worb that oscillate between despotism and democracy, adding nuance to usual perception that eighteenth century was characterised by Sinophilia and nineteenth by Sinophobia. Cheng, for her part, applies a systematic and critical analysis to research trends focused on idea of seeds of democracy in Confucian tradition. She traces origins of these currents, stressing need for a more specific definition of Confucianism, which is often used in an essentialist and imprecise way.Will and Jerome Bourgon share second section, which is devoted to imperial institutions. Will deals with curbs on excessive power under Ming dynasty, presenting three censorship missions and a case study from Emperor Wan Li's rule. He makes a nuanced analogy with constitutional control developed in France, and sheds li^it on normative bases that could invoke censorship in implementation of control functions. Will aims to establish that several control institutions at time functioned quite well alongside notion of Constitution as understood today. Bourgon offers a re-examination of many received ideas on China and its supposed ignorance of notion of as advanced by some European and American Sinologists. He focuses on principles of legality and rule of law in context of their importance to question of democracy. Bourgon notes that China adopted the first judicial system in modern sense of term back in third century. He deals with question of whether China was originator of principle of legality of punishment, detailing several elements from history of Chinese law in a comparative perspective, and he forcefully refutes idea that China was unaware of rule of law. He concludes with a call for overcoming several epistemological obstacles, such as concept of oriental despotism, in order to understand law in imperial China.The third section deals with transitions, with four contributions dealing with law at different stages from end of Empire to Republic. Bourgon studies emergence of legal profession in ancien regime between 1740 and 1930, and establishes existence of a veritable epistemic community of jurists toward end of imperial era. The Tongzhi restoration marks a turning point in this community's formation. While in political sphere this period is associated with last stages of Chinese conservatism, Bourgon shows that it was in fact rich in innovations for evolution of Chinese law and legal professions, notably in establishment of magistrates and Westernisation of China's legal system.Zhang Ning examines handling of penalty, banditry, and special practices, focusing on several penal codes from late Qing and Republican periods. She stresses need to understand drawn-out internal turmoil of China's history over last 130 years in order to grasp factors behind death penalty culture associated with China today. …

Optimizing Supervision and Control for Industrial Furnaces: Predictive Control Based Design

A systems re-engineering technique to integrated control and supervision for applications to industrial multi-zone furnaces has been elaborated by using known theories on generalized predictive control and nonlinear programming. This paper presents the derivation of optimizing equations and inequalities. The design is based on the use of general predictive control to provide optimized set-points under the presumption a well designed regulatory control was implemented at the executive level. Digital implementation of control functions are sought within standard computer process control platform for practical engineering and maintenance reasons.