Implementation Of Autonomous Vehicles Research Articles

Prospects for Implementation of Autonomous Vehicles and Associated Infrastructure in Developing Countries

This study explores the implementation and impact of autonomous vehicle (AV) systems, particularly in developing countries. While AVs promise enhanced road safety by reducing crashes, injuries, and fatalities, their adoption faces significant challenges, including public acceptance and infrastructure readiness. A mixed methods approach was employed, combining quantitative data from surveys of approximately 1500 randomly selected individuals and qualitative insights from in-depth interviews with policymakers, traffic engineers, and industry representatives. The quantitative analysis revealed high levels of perceived usefulness (78.8%), positive attitudes (87.78%), and expected benefits (86.09%) among respondents, indicating optimism about AVs’ potential to improve traffic efficiency and safety. However, concerns about technical reliability, cybersecurity, and the cost of infrastructure upgrades persist. Comparative analysis of physical and digital infrastructure highlighted significant gaps, particularly in road quality, markings, and internet connectivity. Policy implications emphasize the need for targeted public education to build trust and address safety concerns, regulatory reforms to ensure cybersecurity and ethical compliance, and strategic investments in infrastructure to meet AV requirements. Drawing on lessons from international contexts, the study recommends proactive stakeholder engagement and community outreach to align technological advancements with societal needs. These findings provide a roadmap for policymakers to navigate the challenges of AV adoption in Ethiopia and similar contexts, ensuring the integration of automation into sustainable and efficient transportation systems.

Impact of connected and autonomous vehicles on road network resilience in Belgium

The advent of Connected and Automated Vehicles (CAVs) has ushered in substantial changes in the transportation sector, particularly impacting the resilience of road networks. CAVs can exchange real-time information about road conditions, allowing them to bypass congestion and optimise their routes, thereby enhancing network resilience through dynamic rerouting. Additionally, these vehicles significantly affect road capacity, further bolstering the overall resilience of the network. As a result, it is essential to assess the impact of CAVs on road network resilience comprehensively. However, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, there is a notable gap in research that thoroughly evaluates the resilience of large-scale road networks, taking into account all dimensions of resilience, such as redundancy, robustness, and recovery speed. This paper aims to fill this gap by assessing the influence of CAVs on the resilience of a large-scale road network in Belgium. Utilising a simulation-based approach, the study quantifies the network's resilience triangle, addressing all facets of network resilience. The findings reveal that the integration of CAVs can markedly improve network resilience under various scenarios, with improvements ranging from 4.4% at a 10% penetration rate to 59.9% at full penetration. These insights are valuable for researchers and policymakers focused on the implementation of autonomous vehicles.

Backcasting Analysis of Autonomous Vehicle Implementation: A Systematic Review

The introduction of autonomous vehicles (AVs) has the potential to drastically change society, planning, design, and development strategies. This study uses the PRISMA protocol to carry out a systematic literature review, focusing on the backcasting method as an analytic tool. By examining. 21 studies published between 2003 and 2024, this paper highlights the phases of backcasting: visioning, policy packaging, and appraisal, and identifies critical factors necessary for the successful integration of AVs. Visioning for future driverless cities includes high-quality urban areas, active mobility, and innovative developments. Policies and Packaging suggested a focus on restricting vehicular access, transit-oriented development, and encouraging public transportation. Appraisal reveals skepticism about the positive impacts of AVs, urging policies that limit access to urban areas and promote sustainable modes of transportation. The main contribution of this study lies in its comprehensive application of backcasting to AV implementation, offering a structured approach to envisioning future urban scenarios, formulating supportive policies, and evaluating their impact. This analysis provides a solid foundation for future research, urging us to explore the intersection between AVs, citizen participation, and environmental sustainability to achieve more efficient and sustainable cities.

Exploring Policy Interventions to Support the Introduction of Autonomous Vehicles in Indonesia

This paper aims to analyze policy interventions regarding the implementation of autonomous vehicles (AV) in Indonesia. The research takes place in Jakarta due to its unique characteristics and status as one of the most congested cities in the world. The paper employs the qualitative approach to understand policy intervention for AV implementation. The methods used in this research are the combination of Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) and Semi-Structured Interview. This research elaborates that AV implementation in Indonesia should come in the form of AV buses in the initial stage. Thus, it is necessary in the context of AV buses to construct dedicated lanes, provide onboard stewards, and give government incentives in a way that ensures the adoption's success rate. Furthermore, the thematic analysis of the research also emphasizes several themes in the context of AV implementation, such as implementation, accessibility, regulatory framework, sustainability, local characteristics, and annotation. These themes could provide a comprehensive understanding related to the policy intervention that should be taken by the Indonesian government regarding the AV implementation in Indonesia.

Transport exchanges as transport and forwarding management systems

Abstract Changes taking place in the economy affect the emergence of innovations. It is primarily technological progress that influences the creation of new solutions. Logistics is one area where innovations and improvements are needed. New solutions are primarily process improvements, the implementation of autonomous vehicles, solutions that help to supervise transport processes, and the effectiveness and costs of their implementation. The greatest benefits of technological progress are the provision of knowledge and information about the journey, the efficiency of a given car and driver, and changes in the market (e.g., information about the demand and supply for given services). This article aims to identify the possibilities of using freight exchanges in transport and forwarding management. It is based on a literature analysis and statistical data from systems dedicated to transport and forwarding, as well as surveys conducted by the author. The article uses analyses of demand, supply and prices based on data from transport exchanges. Possibilities of obtaining information for better management of a transport company were presented. Possibilities of obtaining information for better management of a transport company were presented. The article presents the relationship between the use of the transport exchange and the size of the company, fleet and the number of countries served as part of transport services. The possibilities of using transport exchanges and the possibility of replacing software dedicated to transport and forwarding by the discussed programs were indicated.

Design and Implementation of Autonomous Vehicle Using Computer Vision

Abstract: In transportation sector there are many technological foundations, applications, and challenges in present days. Autonomous vehicles, equipped with artificial intelligence and machine learning, can perceive their environment, make decisions, and execute actions without constant human intervention. They have transformative potential across various sectors, including manufacturing, healthcare, transportation, agriculture, and space exploration. Autonomous vehicles can streamline processes, enhance efficiency, improve safety, and assist in surgical procedures and patient monitoring. However, challenges such as safety, ethical considerations, job displacement, and regulatory frameworks must be addressed for their widespread adoption.

An attempt to determine the impact of the implementation of autonomous vehicles on a larger scale on the planning of city transport systems

Purpose: This paper aims to explore the potential impact of autonomous vehicles (AVs) on urban planning, sustainable urban development, and tourism. Methodology: The paper is a conceptual study that reviews and synthesizes existing literature on AVs, urban planning, and tourism. It also uses case studies to illustrate the potential effects of AVs. Results: The widespread adoption of AVs is likely to have significant implications for urban planning, including changes in land use, infrastructure design, and transportation patterns. AVs may also contribute to sustainable urban development by reducing traffic congestion and air pollution. In the tourism sector, AVs could lead to spatial changes, new social inequalities, and changes in the overnight visitor economy. Theoretical contribution: The paper contributes to the understanding of the complex interplay between AVs, urban planning, and tourism. It highlights the need for urban planners and tourism stakeholders to consider the potential impact of AVs in their decision-making processes. Practical implications: The paper provides practical insights for urban planners, tourism stakeholders, and policymakers on how to prepare for and adapt to the widespread use of AVs. It also emphasizes the importance of considering the potential benefits and challenges of AVs in the context of specific cities and tourism destinations.

Reinventing the Wheel by Taking It Away: How Autonomous Vehicles Will Shape Land Use Law

As the development and deployment of autonomous vehicles (AVs) accelerate, they are set to have a profound impact on a range of societal domains, including land use law. The potential benefits of AVs for land use are substantial, with the potential to free up large tracts of land, increase transportation efficiency, improve accessibility, and more. However, there are also significant concerns regarding the negative impacts of autonomous vehicles, such as increased urban sprawl, decreased public transportation and funding, and increased demand for curb space. As such, it is essential to examine the various ways in which AVs will impact land use laws and regulations to properly plan our future cities. This paper aims to consolidate existing research on AVs, provide a comprehensive analysis of the likely impacts of AVs on land use law, and explore new policies and regulations that will need to be put into place, if they haven’t been already, to ensure that the continued implementation of AVs is consistent with broader societal goals of sustainability, equity, and efficiency.

Equity issues associated with the widespread implementation of autonomous vehicles

Abstract Autonomous vehicles (AVs), either shared or privately owned, are predicted to become a common transport mode used by the general population in coming decades. Policies governing the use of AVs may increase or decrease social inequities. This review synthesizes existing literature and provides policy recommendations to enhance equity as the use of AVs becomes more widespread. We identified nine areas in which AVs could impact equity: (i) assessment of community mobility needs and priorities, (ii) education and outreach, (iii) disparities in infrastructure quality, (iv) equitable distribution of customer services, (v) access to AVs by persons with low incomes, (vi) shared infrastructure services, (vii) barriers to shared AV use, (viii) access to AVs by persons with disabilities and (ix) disruption of existing transportation jobs. Recommendations for promoting equitable use of AVs include (i) policies governing how jurisdictions oversee AV implementation and (ii) policies addressing how jurisdictions issue permits to AV service providers. Oversight policies include ensuring input from disadvantaged communities, providing subsidies for low-income users, establishing ride-sharing rules to protect vulnerable populations, reviewing the equity implications of proposed AV infrastructure improvements, providing retraining opportunities for those who may lose jobs due to AV implementation and monitoring the impact of AV policies implemented. Permitting processes include ensuring equitable access to AVs for low-income, minority, and older users and persons with disabilities, ensuring equitable distribution of AV service areas and verifying that data from all communities are incorporated into the artificial intelligence algorithms used to guide AVs.

Perceptions of vulnerable roadway users on autonomous vehicle regulations

Introduction: Development and implementation of autonomous vehicle (AV) related regulations are necessary to ensure safe AV deployment and wide acceptance among all roadway users. Assessment of vulnerable roadway users’ perceptions on AV regulations could inform policymakers the development of appropriate AV regulations that facilitate the safety of diverse users in a multimodal transportation system. Method: This research evaluated pedestrians’ and bicyclists’ perceptions on six AV regulations (i.e., capping AV speed limit, operating AV in manual mode in the sensitive areas, having both pilot and co-pilot while operating AVs, and three data-sharing regulations). In addition, pedestrians’ and bicyclists’ perceptions of testing AVs in public streets were evaluated. Statistical testing and modeling techniques were applied to accomplish the research objectives. Results: Compared to the other AV regulations assessed in this research, strong support for AV-related data sharing regulations was identified. Older respondents showed higher approval of AV testing on public roadways and less support for regulating AVs. AV technology familiarity and safe road sharing perceptions with AVs resulted in lower support for AV regulations. Conclusions: Policymakers and AV technology developers could develop effective educational tools/resources to inform pedestrians and bicyclists about AV technology reliability and soften their stance, especially on AV regulations, which could delay technology development. Practical Applications: The findings of this research could be used to develop informed AV regulations and develop policies that could improve pedestrians’ and bicyclists’ attitudes/perceptions on regulating AVs and promoting AV technology deployments.

A Conceptual Framework for Acceptance of Autonomous Vehicle in Malaysia

Mobility is evolving globally. Automated vehicle technology is consistently advancing with the development of Artificial Intelligence and information communication technology. The Autonomous Vehicle is acknowledged with the benefits of reducing traffic fatalities, reduced emissions and convenience. If autonomous vehicles are widely adopted, the Sustainable Development Goals could be achieved. Various studies have been conducted to investigate the psychological factors (internal) as well as assess the efforts of institutions (external) in promoting the adoption of autonomous vehicles. Nonetheless, there is very few studies examined the impacts of internal and external factors on the acceptance of autonomous vehicles simultaneously. Therefore, this study is taken to close the gap in understanding the acceptance of autonomous vehicles in Malaysia by integrating the internal factors and external factors in a model. By reviewing the past studies, a conceptual framework which can offer a comprehensive insight to the policymakers and car makers from the public’s perspective is proposed. Implications from this study can serve as a basis for prioritising the budget resources and development guidelines for the successful implementation of autonomous vehicles in Malaysia.

Indonesia Government Policy Strategy to Support Autonomous Vehicles Implementation for Public Transport

Autonomous vehicles are now a unique and modern new trend in the development of public transport. Its application in various countries such as China, South Korea, Germany, and the United States is interesting to study from policy to implementation. Indonesia also has a great opportunity to develop autonomous vehicles to reach level 3 to 5, considering that the New Capital City (IKN) also has plans to use Integrated Transport System (ITS) and autonomous vehicles as public transport in the future. However, challenges and obstacles such as road facilities, cybersecurity threats, and public indiscipline can be a barrier to the implementation of autonomous vehicles in Indonesia. Therefore, this article aims to take a deeper look into the needs that Indonesia needs to make a policy on autonomous vehicles as public transport in the future.

Impact of Autonomous Vehicles on Traffic Flow in Rural and Urban Areas Using a Traffic Flow Simulator

Autonomous vehicles have the potential to significantly improve modes of transportation, and many businesses and research facilities are developing such systems. Although there are studies on the social implementation of autonomous vehicles, these studies are based on limited conditions such as predetermined driving environments. Therefore, in this study, we target urban areas and rural areas, and we simulate a behavioral algorithm for autonomous vehicles being developed and owned by Kanazawa University. In this study, a traffic flow simulation system (Aimsun) was constructed to reproduce the current situation of traffic flow in the city during normal times, using data from a person-trip survey conducted by the local government. In addition, we varied the mixing rate of automated vehicles and evaluated its effect on the delay time between ODs. We assume the gradual replacement of existing vehicles by autonomous vehicles on actual road networks and for realistic traffic volumes, and we investigate their impact on traffic flow. We vary the mixing rate of autonomous vehicles into actual traffic environments, and we measure the delay in the origin-destination (OD) interval to evaluate the impact of autonomous vehicles on traffic flow. The results obtained show that as the mixing rate of autonomous vehicles increases, the delay between OD intervals increases. Then, once the mixing rate exceeds a certain value, the delay between OD intervals gradually decreased. The delay time for all vehicles slightly increases as the mixing rate of autonomous vehicles increased from 10 to 45%. When the mixing rate increased from 45 to 50%, the delay time for all vehicles decreased notably, and when the mixing rate was 50 to 100%, it remained constant. Analytical results showed that when socially implementing autonomous vehicles, their mixing rate impacts the traffic flow; thus, there is a need to determine appropriate distribution scenarios and areas for implementation.

Assessing the Transformative Potential: An Examination of the Urban Mobility Impact Based on an Open-Source Microscopic Traffic Simulator for Autonomous Vehicles

Integrating autonomous vehicles (AVs) into urban areas poses challenges for transportation, infrastructure, building, environment, society, and policy. This paper goes beyond the technical intricacies of AVs and takes a holistic, interdisciplinary approach by considering the implications for urban design and transportation infrastructure. Using a complex methodology encompassing various software types such as Simulation of Urban Mobility (SUMO 1.17.0) and STREETMIX, the article explores the results of a simulation that anticipates the implementation of AVs through different market penetration scenarios. We investigate how AVs could enhance the efficiency of transportation networks, reducing congestion and potentially increasing the throughput. However, we also acknowledge the dynamic nature of the scenarios, as new mobility patterns emerge in response to this technological shift. Furthermore, we propose innovative urban design approaches that could harness the full potential of AVs, fostering the development of sustainable and resilient cities. By exploring these design strategies, we hope to provide valuable guidance for urban planners and policymakers as they navigate the challenges and opportunities presented by the integration of these advanced technologies.

Artificial intelligence -driven adaptive infrastructure for urban mobility

This research paper investigates the transformative impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on the development of adaptive infrastructure for urban mobility. With urbanization trends intensifying, cities are facing escalating challenges in traffic management, public transportation efficiency, and environmental sustainability. Leveraging case studies from cities globally, including Singapore, London, and Helsinki, the paper explores how AI technologies are revolutionizing urban transportation systems. The study delves into key components of AI integration such as adaptive traffic management, personalized mobility solutions, and the implementation of autonomous vehicles. It highlights how AI algorithms analyze real-time data from diverse sources to optimize traffic flow, enhance public transportation services, and predict future mobility patterns. The research underscores the significance of AI in creating responsive and intelligent urban environments, adapting dynamically to the evolving needs of urban dwellers. Furthermore, the paper addresses challenges associated with AI-driven urban mobility, including privacy concerns, ethical considerations, and the need for equitable access to technological benefits. The findings emphasize the importance of responsible governance and a balanced approach to technology deployment in urban planning. In conclusion, this research contributes essential insights for policymakers, urban planners, and researchers navigating the integration of AI into urban mobility. The envisioned outcome is a future where AI-driven adaptive infrastructure fosters sustainable, efficient, and user-centric urban mobility ecosystems.

Autonomous Vehicles as Viewed by Future Users in Poland

The article discusses the issue of how potential users perceive automated and autonomous vehicle (AV) technology, emphasizing that its sophistication and reliability are crucial for the safety of driving vehicles with a level of automation starting from the third degree. Safety plays a significant role in determining public acceptance of autonomous vehicles. Without the acceptance of potential users and their willingness to use smart electric vehicles, it is challenging to talk about the rapid implementation of autonomous vehicles, despite their undeniable benefits. The article presents an analysis of survey results regarding public opinion in Poland on this matter. The survey utilized various methods, including CAWI surveys, Focus Group Interviews (FGI), and Individual In-depth Interviews (IDI). The CAWI survey involved 1067 respondents in Poland, with a 95% confidence level and a maximum margin of error of 3%, representing a representative sample of the Polish population aged 16 and above. The article examines issues that illustrate respondents’ acceptance levels concerning perceived security and trust in AVs. The obtained results are compared with opinions from surveys conducted in other countries. Additionally, the article attempts to identify reasons for the low assessment of the technologies among respondents and proposes measures to boost confidence in automated and autonomous vehicles.

A new ELECTRE-based decision-making framework with spherical fuzzy information for the implementation of autonomous vehicles project in Istanbul

This research study keenly employs the ground-breaking theory of ELECTRE method in order to advance the literature with a more competent technique for the frequently implemented and incredibly practical model of spherical fuzzy sets. The eminent characteristics, broader approach and adaptable model of spherical fuzzy set empowers the proposed strategy to captivate each type of the imprecise human judgement (whether in favor, against, neutral or hesitant) using a dependent and three independent membership grades. The remarkable novelty of the proposed approach is its successful application even with no criteria weights knowledge. Furthermore, the proposed technique processes the spherical fuzzy data and examines different types of preferences among alternatives using three threshold values. These preferences contribute to classify the outranking relations among the alternatives within five different levels of dominance. Later on, the iterative approach of distillation is deployed to figure out the final ranking. The proposed strategy is applied to meet the challenges in the implementation of autonomous vehicles in Turkey. After a through evaluation of five corridors via proposed technique in reference to fifteen criteria, metrobus corridor appears as the most appropriate for the autonomous vehicle operation. In the last, the consistency of the proposed approach is delineated via comparative analysis with existing spherical fuzzy CODAS and spherical fuzzy PROMETHEE approaches and other convincing evidences.

FINANCIAL AND ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES IN AZERBAIJAN

Implementation of autonomous vehicles could change the finance and economics of the companies. Autonomous vehicles can operate around the clock, without the need for breaks or rest periods, which can increase efficiency and productivity. There could be no fatigue or tiredness for autonomous vehicles. This can lead to cost savings and increased revenue for companies that use autonomous vehicles. Autonomous vehicles can also help reduce labour costs, as they do not require a human operator. Autonomous vehicles are one of the main players in the market. For this reason, they are significant in Azerbaijan too. Autonomous vehicles could 92% safer in case of human error. If autonomous vehicles could be implemented in Azerbaijan by the year of 2030 number of accidents could be 87. Autonomous vehicles could save from 13.3% to 26.7% of fuel. If I compare 2021 fuel costs to 2021 AV fuel costs, it will give us a difference of 301283 USD. Autonomous vehicles could also save 80-90% labour costs. With the implementation of the autonomous vehicles the labour costs could decrease from 1038 AZN to 156 AZN in 2017. Those numbers could decrease from 1451 AZN to 218 AZN in 2021. Overall, autonomous vehicles could increase safety and impact the economy positively in Azerbaijan and worldwide. Autonomous vehicles could have a positive effect on the economy of Azerbaijan

Is Australia Ready for Autonomous Vehicles? Examining the Factors Influencing AV Adoption through Expert Interviews

As Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) on public roads today becomes an increasingly realistic possibility, there is growing need to better understand the factors that will facilitate their successful introduction. This study focuses specifically on Australia and investigates various micro and macro environmental factors that may either hinder or support their adoption in the country. The study comprised 18 in-depth interviews with experts from both the public and private sectors who possess direct experience working with AVs. These experts provided valuable insights into several areas, including the legislation and regulations governing AV use, the technical and infrastructure requirements necessary for safe operation on public roads, and the importance of public sentiment in driving AV adoption and introduction. Based on the study’s findings, an integrated framework has been developed to identify and classify the key factors related to AV adoption, as well as their interrelatedness with each other. This framework seeks to guide the development of national strategies to accommodate the necessary political, legal, and social adjustments required for the successful implementation of AVs.

Develop and Validate a Survey to Assess Adult’s Perspectives on Autonomous Ridesharing and Ridehailing Services

Autonomous vehicles (AVs) have generated excitement for the future of transportation. Public transit agencies and companies (i.e., Uber) have begun developing shared autonomous transportation services. Most AV surveys focus on public opinion of perceived benefits and concerns of AVs but are not directly tied to field implementation of AVs. Experience and exposure to new technology affect adults’ perceptions and level of technology acceptance. As such, the Autonomous RideShare Services Survey (ARSSS) was developed to assess adults’ perceptions of AVs before and after being exposed to AVs. Face validity and content validity were established via focus groups and subject-matter experts (CVI = 0.95). Adults in the U.S. (N = 553) completed the ARSSS, and a subsample (N = 100) completed the survey again after two weeks. An exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated that the ARSSS consists of three factors that can be used to reliably quantify users’ perceptions of AVs: (a) Intention to Use, Trust, and Safety (r = 0.85, p < 0.001, ICC = 0.99); (b) Potential Benefits (r = 0.70, p < 0.001, ICC = 0.97); and (c) Accessibility (r = 0.78, p < 0.001, ICC = 0.96) of AVs. These are key factors in predicting intention to use and acceptance of AVs. Results from the ARSSS may inform the acceptance among users of these AV technologies.