Implementation Constraints Research Articles

Equity in family planning policies and programs in Uganda: conceptualization, dimensions and implementation constraints

BackgroundEquity is at the core and a fundamental principle of achieving the family planning (FP) 2030 Agenda. However, the conceptualization, definition, and measurement of equity remain inconsistent and unclear in many FP programs and policies. This paper aims to document the conceptualization, dimensions and implementation constraints of equity in FP policies and programs in Uganda.MethodsA review of Ugandan literature and key informant interviews with 25 key stakeholders on equity in FP was undertaken between April and July 2020. We searched Google, Google Scholar and PubMed for published and grey literature from Uganda on equity in FP. A total of 112 documents were identified, 25 met the inclusion criteria and were reviewed. Data from the selected documents were extracted into a Google master matrix in MS Excel. Data analysis was done across the thematic areas by collating similar information. Data were analyzed using thematic content analysis approach.ResultsA limited number of documents had an explicit definition of equity, which varied across documents and stakeholders. The definitions revolved around universal access to FP information and services. There was a limited focus on equity in FP programs in Uganda. The dimensions most commonly used to assess equity were either geographical location, or socio-demographics, or wealth quintile. Almost all the key informants noted that equity is a very important element, which needs to be part of FP programming. However, implementation constraints (e.g. lack of quality comprehensive FP services, duplicated FP programs and a generic design of FP programs with limited targeting of the underserved populations) continue to hinder effective implementation of equitable FP programs in Uganda. Clients’ constraints (e.g. limited contraceptive information) and policy constraints (inadequate focus on equity in policy documents) also remain key challenges.ConclusionsThere is lack of a common understanding and definition of equity in FP programs in Uganda. There is need to build consensus on the definitions and measurements of equity with a multidimensional lens to inform clear policy and programming focus on equity in FP programs and outcomes. To improve equitable access to and use of FP services, attention must be paid to addressing implementation, client and policy constraints.

Industry 4.0 implementation for multinationals: a case study

PurposeMultinational business deliver value via multiple sites with similar operational capacities. The age of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) delivers significant opportunities for the deployment of digital tools for business optimization. Therefore, this study aims to study the Industry 4.0 implementation for multinationals.Design/methodology/approachThe key objective of this research is multi-site systems integration using a reproducible, modular and standardized “Cyber Physical System (CPS) as-a-Service”.FindingsA best practice reference architecture is adopted to guide the design and delivery of a pioneering CPS multi-site deployment. The CPS deployed is a cloud-based platform adopted to enable all manufacturing areas within a multinational energy and petrochemical company. A methodology is developed to quantify the system environmental and sustainability benefits focusing on reduced carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and energy consumption. These results demonstrate the benefits of standardization, replication and digital enablement for multinational businesses.Originality/valueThe research illustrates the ability to design a single system, reproducible for multiple sites. This research also illustrates the beneficial impact of system reuse due to reduced environmental impact from lower CO2 emissions and energy consumption. The paper assists organizations in deploying complex systems while addressing multinational systems implementation constraints and standardization.

Augmented Reality in Interventional Radiology: Transforming Training Paradigms.

The ascent of medical technology places augmented reality (AR) at the forefront of potential advancements in interventional radiology (IR) training. This review delves into the symbiotic relationship between AR and conventional IR training, casting light on the opportunities and hurdles intrinsic to this integration. A targeted literature review was conducted using the databases PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase. Search terms included ((("Augmented Reality" OR "Virtual Reality")) AND ((Education OR Training))) AND (("Interventional Radiology")). Ten studies identified using the comprehensive inclusion criteria helped scrutinize the use of AR in IR training. Key outcomes include improved procedural accuracy, reduced training duration, and heightened trainee confidence. However, it also identifies limitations such as small sample sizes, reliance on simulation environments, and technological constraints in AR implementation. Despite these challenges, the review underscored the transformative potential of AR in IR education, suggesting its capacity to revolutionize training methodologies. However, it also calls for continued technological development and empirical research to address current challenges and fully leverage AR's capabilities in medical education.

Are codesigned programmes more difficult to implement? A qualitative study of staff perceptions on the implementation of a new youth mental health programme.

Codesigned interventions are becoming more common in health services and, in particular, in the design and development of mental health programmes and interventions. However, previous research has established that the transition from codesign to implementation can experience several challenges and that this transition process has received little research attention. The aim of this study was to explore the experience of staff members charged with the implementation of a codesigned intervention for young people and adolescents at risk of suicide. Five staff members involved in the implementation of the new codesigned programme took part in semi-structured interviews. The study involved qualitative evaluation of staff experiences during the implementation of a new child and youth suicide intervention. Interviews were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. The analysis identified four themes of 'disconnect', 'operational challenges, 'service user' and 'being authentic'. 'Disconnect' captures the difficulties of implementing a codesigned programme which leads to 'operational challenges' in meeting broader expectations while ensuring the feasibility of the programme. The third theme, 'service user', captures the realisation that the young people accessing the new service were different to those involved in the codesign process. The final theme, 'being authentic', highlights how staff needed to be responsive and flexible while remaining true to the principles proposed in the codesign. This study yielded some valuable insights into the challenges around the implementation of a codesigned intervention, an under-researched area. The findings suggest that adaption of the design may be necessary, if it is not informed by implementation constraints, making it necessary for the implementation team to be well-briefed on the initial design and given plenty of time to make the necessary adjustments in a coproduction process. Limitations for the generalisation of the results include a small sample of staff and particular challenges that may be unique to this study. The present study highlights that for health services undertaking codesign approaches, appropriate time and resources need to be considered for the implementation phase of an initiative, to ensure that there is effective translation from design to implementation and that new codesigned services can be effective within operational constraints. The authors would like to thank and acknowledge the young people with a lived-experience and their carers who participated in the codesign process and research evaluation component of this study. We also wish to thank the clinical staff, peer workers and family peer workers who participated in the evaluation.

Lessons learnt and best practices in scaling up an emergency transportation system to tackle maternal and neonatal mortality: a qualitative study of key stakeholders in Shinyanga, Tanzania

ObjectiveThis study aimed to document lessons learnt and best practices for scaling up an innovative emergency transportation system, drawing insights from the m-mama programme implemented in Shinyanga, Tanzania. The m-mama...

Infection Control Practices – Problems and Constraints in its Implementation among Registered Nurses in Medical Wards of a Tertiary Care Hospital in Thiruvananthapuram

Infection prevention and control is a scientific approach for the prevention of Hospital Acquired Infections (HAIs). The nursing fraternity have colossal role in implementation of infection control practices, but the nurses come across many challenges in its implementation. The present study is a qualitative descriptive inquiry to explore the problems and constraints in implementation of infection control practices among registered nurses in a tertiary care hospital, Thiruvananthapuram (Kerala). The data collected by in-depth interview with 12 stakeholders and focus group discussions with 13 staff nurses working in medical wards. The data were analysed by Braun & Clarke’s 6-step thematic analysis. The two main themes derived as problems in implementation of infection control practices among registered nurses were professional problems and behavioural problems. The four main themes that emerged as constraints in implementation of infection control practices among registered nurses were resource depletion, unsatisfactory work environment, socio-environmental factors and hospital policy and protocol implementation issues.

Gendered Access to Finance: The Roles of Team Formation, Idea Quality, and Implementation Constraints in Business Evaluations

Gendered Access to Finance: The Roles of Team Formation, Idea Quality, and Implementation Constraints in Business Evaluations

Applying the resource management principle to achieve community engagement and experimental rigor in the multiphase optimization strategy framework.

Preventing and treating mental health and substance use problems requires effective, affordable, scalable, and efficient interventions. The multiphase optimization strategy (MOST) framework guides researchers through a phased and systematic process of developing optimized interventions. However, new methods of systematically incorporating information about implementation constraints across MOST phases are needed. We propose that early and sustained integration of community-engaged methods within MOST is a promising strategy for enhancing an optimized intervention's potential for implementation. In this article, we outline the advantages of using community-engaged methods throughout the intervention optimization process, with a focus on the Preparation and Optimization Phases of MOST. We discuss the role of experimental designs in optimization research and highlight potential challenges in conducting rigorous experiments in community settings. We then demonstrate how relying on the resource management principle to select experimental designs across MOST phases is a promising strategy for maintaining both experimental rigor and community responsiveness. We end with an applied example illustrating a community-engaged approach to optimize an intervention to reduce the risk for mental health problems and substance use problems among children with incarcerated parents.

Constraints in Implementation of Green Building Projects in Malaysia: A Short Review

Green building (GB) is the foundation of sustainable construction and a part of promoting environmental conservation. Bringing change to the building construction industry requires multiple efforts from various angles especially to overcome any resistances in the form of technology, human aspects, financial and resources. The transition from conventional to sustainable approach consumes time as it requires changes from different facets in the industry ranging from individual, organizational to industry level. In Malaysia, there are various efforts to bring green into the industry but the progress is low moderate. The current review identified the major constraints that hinder a faster progress for green buildings development in Malaysia which include high initial cost, lack of knowledge and awareness among public and industry players, challenges in technology and expertise as well as lack of government enforcement and incentives. The outcomes of this paper will assist in enhancing and improving the sustainable practice in Malaysian’s construction industry for the betterment of life for sustainable communities.

Assessing the progress of the mining industry towards green growth in China: A three-stage dynamic network slacks-based measure approach

Promoting green growth in the mining sector requires efficient use of mineral resources, improving economic operations' quality and performance and strengthening ecological and environmental governance. Local economies face different and conflicting plans, along with potential implementation constraints, while implementing green growth initiatives. Efficiency in mining green growth is a crucial aspect to monitor the progress of China's local mining industry in the future. This paper presents a framework for three-stage network structure evaluation of mining industry's green growth efficacy. A dynamic network model, using Slacks-Based Measure (SBM) approach, analyzes the green growth of the mining industry in 21 Chinese provinces between 2005 and 2019. The Malmquist index is used to analyze the dynamic patterns and endogeneity of mining green growth efficiency. The results show that the efficiency of most provinces exhibited a decrease before rebounding during the observation period. Overall efficiency is strongly correlated with improved eco-performance, which is a result of green mining. There are substantial discrepancies in the pace and extent of green growth across different provinces, with a few boasting growth rates exceeding 25% annually. Eastern provinces, particularly Hubei, Fujian, and Shandong, demonstrate impressive trends and substantial potential. However, the unsatisfactory situation in the Northeast and Xinjiang regions persists. Their lack of effectiveness can be attributed to various sub-processes.

IMPLEMENTASI PUSAT PEMBELAJARAN KELUARGA (PUSPAGA) DALAM MEREALISASIKAN LINGKUNGAN RAMAH PEREMPUAN DAN PEDULI ANAK KABUPATEN NAGAN RAYA

The increase in cases of violence against women and children in Nagan Raya Regency over the past few years has led to a mission to establish a women-friendly and child-caring environment through various efforts. One of them is through the implementation of the Family Learning Center Program (PUSPAGA) as a forum for the prevention and resolution of cases that occur within the family. This study uses a qualitative method by collecting data on PUSPAGA at the district and village levels, which aims to see the obstacles and barriers to implementation that occur in the field. The results of the study show that implementation constraints lie in the aspects of insufficient budget and human resources, lack of promotion of program introduction to the community and overlapping responsibilities of the village PUSPAGA implementers. Follow-up on these obstacles can be resolved through determining the right priority management by the district and village PUSPAGA implementers in optimizing program implementation.

Constraints in Implementation of Land Reforms Policies as Perceived by Agricultural Labourers of Erstwhile Cannanore District of Kerala, India

Constraints in Implementation of Land Reforms Policies as Perceived by Agricultural Labourers of Erstwhile Cannanore District of Kerala, India

Analisis strategi guru dalam implementasi pendidikan karakter peduli sosial peserta didik kelas v sekolah dasar

<p><strong><em>Abstract</em></strong><em></em></p><p><em>The teacher's strategy in implementing socially caring character education for students includes habituation patterns, giving reprimands, exemplary, strengthening as well as for outside there are routine activities, providing exemplary outside of learning and environmental conditioning. The purpose of this study is, (1) to analyze the teacher's strategy in implementing social care character education for students. (2) Describe the constraints of the teacher's strategy in implementing socially caring character education for students. (3) Describe how to overcome the teacher's strategic constraints in implementing socially caring character education for fifth grade students at SD Negeri 1 Sukorejo. This research is a type of descriptive qualitative research. Researchers conducted observations, questionnaires, and documentation. Data analysis uses data reduction, data presentation, then draws conclusions. The data validity technique uses technique and source triangulation. The results showed that: (1) Overall the teacher had not implemented or seen from his strategy in implementing student character education because certain obstacles were found. (2) Obstacles in the teacher's strategy in implementing social care character education for students in general that were found were the emotions of children or students who were not yet stable at their age and time constraints for implementation. (3) The way to overcome the obstacles found in the teacher's strategy for implementing socially caring character education in general is to control students and conditions according to the conditions between the teacher and students.</em></p>

Controlling the Process of Formation of the Scientific and Technological Background in Aircraft Construction Based on the Assessment of a Deficit of Functional Properties of Promising Aircraft

The existing experience of the design of aviation technology proves that in a number of cases a promising aircraft (AC) that satisfies the set of requirements cannot be created within the framework of the accumulated scientific and technical groundwork in the field of AC manufacturing. As a result, there is a need to determine priority scientific and technical solutions, whose implementation, under time and financial constraints, will ensure the creation of an AC that meets the stated requirements. It is shown that such a problem can be interpreted as a so-called generalized optimization problem, whose difference from the classical mathematical programming problem lies in the fact that the set of permissible values of flight performance characteristics (FPC) is an additional object of optimization. A constructive algorithm for solving such a problem is proposed, whose capabilities are illustrated using the example of designing a transport ramp aircraft

Profile Implementation Pancasila Students in the Independent Curriculum in Mathematics

Mathematics subjects are considered by most students to be difficult. In the Free Learning Program, students find mathematics easy, because of various innovations from the teachers. The purpose of this study was to analyze the implementation of the Pancasila Student Profile in the Freedom to Learn curriculum in relation to Mathematics Learning. The research method descriptive uses qualitative. The analysis technique consists of data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The subjects of this study were school principals, homeroom teachers and students. The selected informants in this study were teachers and principals who understood the profile of Pancasila students. Data validity technique with source triangulation. The results of this study indicate that 1) The planning for the implementation of the Pancasila Student Profile includes training, readiness of documents and completeness of facilities and infrastructure which are all intended for teachers. 2) Implementation of the implementation of the Pancasila Student Profile with planning, implementing, and evaluating learning activities in accordance with teacher competence. 3) Evaluation of implementation is carried out by teachers with school principals and teacher evaluations with students. Constraints in implementation have been made efforts to improve, so that the implementation of the Pancasila Student Profile in Mathematics Learning at Santa Maria Rembang Catholic Elementary School has been carried out properly.

Preharvest and postharvest management practices related to mycotoxin contamination in maize in Ethiopia – a review

Abstract Mycotoxins are fungal metabolites that commonly contaminate food crops such as maize. Conducive climatic conditions together with improper crop value chain practices are favorable for mycotoxin contamination. Previous studies in Ethiopia have indicated that mycotoxin contamination in maize is prevalent. For the implementation of proper mycotoxin prevention and control strategies, identifying the current local value chain practices that are related to mycotoxin contamination is needed. This review investigates current preharvest and postharvest management practices of maize cultivation in Ethiopia in relation to mycotoxin contamination and identifies gaps in knowledge and priority areas for future research. Findings indicate that the majority of applied preharvest and postharvest practices of maize in Ethiopia seem to favor mycotoxin contamination. Recent developments in grain drying and storage technologies, which are also potential mycotoxin management strategies, are facing constraints for proper implementation in subsistence farmers’ level.

The Moroccan Advanced Regionalization and its Implementation Constraints

The Moroccan Advanced Regionalization and its Implementation Constraints

Towards a data-driven marine spatial plan for the maritime area of Bangladesh

ABSTRACT The development of a sustainable blue economy is a priority for the government of Bangladesh. However, to expand the coastal and ocean based economic activities, a marine spatial plan (MSP) is necessary. This paper aims to present a background study to set-up a MSP for the maritime area of Bangladesh. Data on spatial distribution of current maritime activities have been collected from all available sources. These data have been complemented with stakeholder survey data through which information on the constraints for MSP implementation and requirements were collected. Our study found that ecological data and knowledge are currently limited to establish an organized spatial conservation; stakeholder need to be on board right from the beginning to co-produce the MSP; sectorial spatial initiatives such as, for instance, the seaweed mariculture and salt production plans, should be used as case studies, especially for the lessons learned for the development of the MSP.

Incorporating (variational) free energy models into mechanisms: the case of predictive processing under the free energy principle

The issue of the relationship between predictive processing (PP) and the free energy principle (FEP) remains a subject of debate and controversy within the research community. Many researchers have expressed doubts regarding the actual integration of PP with the FEP, questioning whether the FEP can truly contribute significantly to the mechanistic understanding of PP or even undermine such integration altogether. In this paper, I present an alternative perspective. I argue that, from the viewpoint of the constraint-based mechanisms approach, the FEP imposes an important constraint, namely variational free energy, on the mechanistic architecture proposed by PP. According to the constraint-based mechanisms approach, high-level cognitive mechanisms are integral parts of extensive heterarchical networks that govern the physiology and behavior of agents. Consequently, mechanistic explanations of cognitive phenomena should incorporate constraints and flows of free energy as relevant components, given that the implemented constraints operate as long as free energy is available. Within this framework, I contend that the FEP provides a relevant constraint for explaining at least some biological cognitive mechanisms described in terms of Bayesian generative models that minimize prediction errors.

Making computing visible & tangible: A paper-based computing toolkit for codesigning inclusive computing education activities

MCVT (Making Computing Visible and Tangible) Cards are a toolkit of paper-based computing cards intended for use in the codesign of inclusive computing education. Working with groups of teachers and students over multiple design sessions, we share our toolkit, design drivers and material considerations; and use cases drawn from a week-long codesign workshop where seven teachers made and adapted cards for their future classroom facilitation. Our findings suggest that teachers valued the MCVT toolkit as a resource for their own learning and perceived the cards to be useful for supporting new computational practices, specifically for learning through making and connecting to examples of everyday computing. Critically reviewed by teachers during codesign workshops, the toolkit however posed some implementation challenges and constraints for learning through making and troubleshooting circuitry. From teacher surveys, interviews, workshop video recordings, and teacher-constructed projects, we show how teachers codesigned new design prototypes and pedagogical activities while also adapting and extending paper-based computing materials so their students could take advantage of the unique technical and expressive affordances of MCVT Cards. Our design research contributes a new perspective on using interactive paper computing cards as a medium for instructional materials development to support more inclusive computing education.