Implementation Of Blockchain Technology Research Articles

Problems and Opportunities of Blockchain Technologies Implementation in Public Authorities

Blockchain is one of the most innovative technologies that is currently used in many areas as part of the spread of web3 technologies. Although the origins of blockchain are linked to the emergence of cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin, today’s application of blockchain technology focuses on a wider range of issues where trust is required for a large number of transactions. For this reason, many researchers today believe that these technologies have great potential for use in the public sector. The public sector can use these technologies to fulfill its role as a generator of innovation and progress, which is part of its responsibilities, and to modernize projects that will enable citizens to receive the services they need. Therefore, this work aims to determine the main factors of success or failure in the implementation of blockchain technology in public authorities based on the analysis of existing experience in this area, in particular, in EU member states. Blockchain has proven useful for government agencies for several reasons. First, blockchain is a technology characterized by the ability to generate trust in information and processes in a heterogeneous context with a large number of participants and users. Second, blockchain facilitates governance by leaving no traces and acts as a tool to promote transparency, as it allows people to know who did what and when. Third, it eliminates the need for a centralized certificate authority to control access and use of services by large groups of people. Fourth, the successful development of blockchain-based systems can lead to significant cost savings. However, the analysis shows that authorities are not yet ready to widely use and offer blockchain-based services. In many cases, a lack of understanding of the benefits and opportunities, as well as a still unclear interpretation of the legal and regulatory environment, prevent senior executives from making decisions that may involve greater risk. With this in mind, we believe that the implementation of blockchain technology in the public sector can be facilitated by the implementation of blockchain systems as a complement to existing tracking and transparency systems and processes, as well as increasing their efficiency while simultaneously reducing the cost of services provided. This will require the development of adaptive management structures in public institutions aimed at developing reasonable and acceptable solutions to solve real problems.

TEKNOLOGI BLOCKCHAIN DALAM KAJIAN PEPERANGAN ASIMETRIS: PERSPEKTIF INDONESIA

Technological advances are changing the face of war and how we prepare for it. Blockchain, as a technological breakthrough in the field of information technology, opens up numerous opportunities for research and application in a variety of fields. Using a qualitative descriptive method, this paper aims to provide an overview of the opportunities and threats presented by the presence of blockchain technology in the study of asymmetric warfare. The study's findings are expected to be considered when making decisions to implement blockchain technology in the defense sector in Indonesia as an anticipatory strategy against asymmetric warfare. The benefits and negative impacts brought about by the emergence of blockchain technology are the indicators used in this research to explore the problems. According to the findings of this study, blockchain technology can be used to improve cybersecurity, reduce single points of failure in emergency decision-making systems, improve supply chain and logistics operations efficiency, increase the transparency of audits of procurement of goods and services, protect weapon systems and digital infrastructure, secure unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and swarm systems, and validate orders and battle information. However, blockchain technology has a negative impact due to its potential to be used for various cryptocurrencies-related cybercrime.

Blockchain-based solutions for clinical trial data management: a systematic review

Blockchain technology can reduce the need for intermediaries in various types of transactions by providing a decentralized and secure ledger that can be accessed and updated by all parties involved in the transaction. Clinical trials are essential for bringing new drugs and therapies to market, but the current clinical research process is often marred by inefficiencies, data inaccuracies, and a lack of transparency. The implementation of blockchain technology in clinical trials has the potential to address these challenges by providing a secure and transparent platform for data management. By leveraging the power of blockchain, healthcare providers can improve the integrity and accuracy of clinical trial data, enhance trust in the clinical research process, and ultimately improve patient outcomes. In this article, we propose the use of blockchain technology in clinical trials and explore its potential benefits for the healthcare. The implementation of a blockchain-based data management system for clinical trials holds significant potential to address several challenges associated with the current clinical research process. By improving the integrity and security of medical data, enhancing trust, and easing regulatory burden, such a system can promote the efficient and effective conduct of clinical trials. The adoption of a blockchain-based solution for clinical trial data management has the potential to optimize costs, contributing to the sustainability of healthcare services. It also provides a model for future research and development of blockchain-based solutions in the field of clinical research.

BLOCKCHAIN ACCEPTANCE ANALYSIS USING THE UTAUT2 MODEL

MSME is the primary driver of the Indonesian economic sector, which, unfortunately, remains struggling in controlling and adopting technology, including Blockchain technology. Blockchain is an effective technology that includes all business activities processes and improves the performance and security of company data. This study explored behavioral intervention in adopting the Blockchain technology in MSME Phil’s Auto, Kinandara Boutique, Sabana Restaurant, and Narassi Coffee. The analysis performed in this study was qualitative data analysis on interview results with the MSMEs’ owners. The study results show that the four MSMEs are interested and willing to implement Blockchain technology. Blockchain is expected to help the company improve business activity effectiveness and company data security. Future studies are expected to provide solutions to MSME problems in adopting Blockchain technology.

ПРАВОВІ АСПЕКТИ ЦИФРОВІЗАЦІЇ МІЖНАРОДНОЇ ТОРГІВЛІ ШЛЯХОМ УПРОВАДЖЕННЯ ТЕХНОЛОГІЇ БЛОКЧЕЙН (ДОСВІД ДЛЯ УКРАЇНИ)

The article is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of digitalization of international trade through the introduction of blockchain technology and the identification of issues that require legal regulation for the implementation of the relevant process in Ukraine. It is emphasized that digitalization of international trade through the introduction of blockchain technology opens up opportunities for optimization of administrative trade procedures and stimulation of foreign trade activity, in particular, it allows modernizing and optimizing the work of “single windows” (including certification and customs clearance); cross-border data exchange between government agencies or authorities and economic entities; payment transfer system, etc. In turn, the use of smart contracts, built on the appropriate technology, can automate the compliance of stakeholders with various contractual obligations; and data (in the blockchain) — is a stream of reliable information about past transactions, as they remain unchanged after entry. This provides greater transparency and the ability to trace the movement of a product or document throughout the supply chain with a high level of security and immutability, as well as eliminates double spending (in particular, by using the same digital documents as collateral for financing, which is a common source of fraud in international trade. At the same time, blockchain technology is only a tool on the way to optimizing administrative trade procedures and stimulating foreign economic activity and can be used only if there is appropriate legislation. In particular, the issues of determining the legal status of the blockchain (in particular, the terminology — “blockchain”, “smart contracts”) and blockchain-based applications need to be settled. Analysis of international experience proves the lack of unified approaches in this area. This actualizes the need to intensify work at the global international level to address the above issues. It is also advisable for Ukraine to join this process. For the sake of end-to-end digitalization of trade and limiting the possibility of potentially conflicting individual approaches that could lead to further disconnection and barriers to trade, harmonization of domestic legislation in accordance with existing international documents (in particular, UNCITRAL model laws) is becoming important. Digital trade agreements (e.g., the upcoming Digital Trade Agreement between Ukraine and the United Kingdom) are one of the tools that will help to intensify actions in this direction. In addition, among the issues that require regulation prior to the introduction of blockchain technology in international trade are the following: (1) the procedure for entering data (in particular, ensuring their accuracy and completeness) to be transmitted and exchanged on the blockchain; (2) protection of the transmitted data, (3) responsibility for data entry and processing, as well as the legal algorithm for their correction in case of errors (in particular, it should be clearly defined whether it is possible to make changes to the code underlying the blockchain to correct errors and, if so, who has the right to do it), (4) dispute resolution procedure; (5) mutual recognition of documents/certificates issued (this will ensure that the algorithms used work accurately with the data entered and comply with specific (international and national) rules), etc., as well as recognition of electronic signatures and electronic documents (in particular, transfer documents, bills of lading, promissory notes, warehouse receipts, etc. On this basis, it is considered expedient not to adopt a separate legal act like the Illinois State Law “On the Implementation of Blockchain Technology”, but to modernize the existing laws of Ukraine: the Law of Ukraine “On Electronic Commerce”, the Law of Ukraine “On Electronic Documents and Electronic Document Management”, etc. These are the directions of further research. It is considered appropriate at the legislative level to allow the use of smart contracts, records and signatures protected by blockchain in the field of trade and to use the method of analogy of the law in order to extend the legal regime of electronic contracts and signatures to them, which is reflected in the law-making of certain foreign countries (in particular, the United States (New York State). It is proposed to develop and adopt legislation on the digitalization of economic policy in general and foreign economic policy in particular, taking into account the principles of functional equivalence and technological neutrality. This will protect domestic legislation from the need for constant amendments to take into account the emergence of new technologies.

Laminating STRATH block chain technology- SWOT architectures to endure business strategy between digital transformation, firms and supply chains capabilities for sustainability

The study laminated a link between Digital Transformation (DT), firms and supply chains capabilities based on Blockchain Technology (BCT) and accordingly STRATH (STRAtegies and THreats) modelling is presented to unlock the utility of Blockchain Technology (BCT) in supply chains (SC). SWOT architectures are mined, threats are identified and expert's opinions are sought to embrace crucial strategies for elevating the fertility of BCT in SCM. Sixteen threats & six strategies are evaluated, where theoretical framework based on SWOT dimensions, STRATH model, FuDE-VIR approach, DEMATEL, and Delphi technique under the boundaries of BCT and SCM is presented to admire the novelty of present study. The study embedded two pitch structures, where in the first pitch, SWOT- BCT architectures are mined to understand current state of affairs related to BCT. In the second pitch, STRATH modelling is done with FuDE-VIR approach to react towards sustainable outcomes. The FuDE-VIR approach is developed to define crucial strategies for BCT implementation in SCM. The study documented BCT insights, cataloged contemporary facts to BCT and provided strategic guidelines for implementing BCT in company's landmarks. Eight threats components are found under cause group and eight threats components are found under effect group, where ‘Ïnvolvement of external stakeholders’ and ‘Difficulty in changing organization culture’ demonstrated the highest cause ranking behaviour. ‘Financial constraints’ and ‘Security and privacy concerns’ demonstrated the highest effect ranking behaviour. Efforts have been received towards ‘promoting legal certainty and development of clear regulatory regime’ as first level strategic driver and ‘Permitting standardized customers and defining credit score to customers and partners working in value chain’ as the second level strategic driver for admiring the utility of the BCT in SCM.

Blockchain technology implementation challenges in supply chains – evidence from the case studies of multi-stakeholders

PurposeThe aim of the research is to identify and prioritise the implementation challenges of blockchain technology and suggests ways for its implementation in supply chains.Design/methodology/approachUnderlined by the technology, organisational, and external environment model, a conceptual framework with four challenge categories and sixteen challenges is proposed. Data collected from three stakeholder groups with experience in the implementation of blockchain technology in India is analysed by employing an analytical hierarchy process method-based case study. Further, a criticality–effort matrix analysis is performed to group challenges and suggest ways for implementation.FindingsThe analysis revels that all stakeholders perceive complexity challenge associated with the technology, organisational structure, and external environment, and issues of compatibility with existing systems, software, and business practices to be high on the criticality and effort scales, which thus require meticulous planning to manage. Likewise, top-management support issues related to insufficient understanding of how technology fits with the organisation’s policy and benefits offered by the technology requires high effort to address this challenge.Research limitations/implicationsThe results were obtained by focusing on the Indian context and therefore may not apply to other nations’ contexts.Practical implicationsBy investigating the challenges that the developers, consultants, and client organisations need to address, this study assists managers in developing plans to facilitate coordination among these organisations for successful blockchain implementation.Originality/valueTo the authors’ knowledge this study is the first to identify and prioritise the challenges from the perspectives of multiple stakeholder groups with experience in blockchain technology implementation.

A multi-method study on the barriers of the blockchain technology application in the cold supply chains

PurposeThe cold supply chain industry is still emerging and digital transformation is in the nascent stage in this industry. This paper argues that there are various barriers to implementing blockchain technology in the cold supply chain and aims to develop and validate a model for overcoming key barriers to implementing blockchain technology in the cold supply chain.Design/methodology/approachThe adoption of blockchain technology was proposed through interpretive structural modeling (ISM) and further it is validated using structural equation modeling (SEM).FindingsIn this study, ten key barriers to implementing blockchain technology in the cold supply chain were identified, modelled and analysed. Poor leadership style of top management was found to be the most important barriers to implementing blockchain technology in the cold supply chain. The results of SEM indicate that all the paths are supported. The findings showcase the barriers responsible for the lack of blockchain technology infrastructure that ultimately impacts the cold supply chains.Practical implicationsThis study highlights the fact that the fate of blockchain technology infrastructure development depends on the leadership style of top management. Demonstrating good leadership style by top management can help overcome the barriers. A good leader pulls the entire team instead of pushing the team. A good leader can guide the entire team to improve IT governance, financial investment, digital footprint, digital readiness, skills and collaboration with service providers to implement blockchain technology. Not only that, a good leader provides mental strength to the team and helps overcome the fear of implementing blockchain in the cold supply chain. A good leader demonstrates good administrative skills and focus on security and privacy policies.Originality/valueThis is a novel contribution towards analysing the key barriers to implementing blockchain technology in the South African cold supply chain using the integrated ISM–MICMAC and SEM approach.

Formal semantics and analysis of tokenomics properties

Today we are witnessing the rapid development of products and services based on blockchain technology. Cryptocurrencies and tokens are becoming an integral part of a person’s daily life. One of the main and, at the same time, the most difficult task for each project is the creation of a self-governing token economy. The violation of properties, such as equilibrium and decentralization, can result in the failure of a project and financial losses. Using the math and formal methods is a simple and efficient way to create self-sustainable token economies right at the stage of MVP development. Despite the rapid development of tokenomics, its popularity, and the rapid pace of implementing blockchain technology in various business areas, only a small number of works have examined formal models of tokenomics. In this study, we present an algebraic approach to analyzing the properties of tokenomics. The algebraic modeling approach is implemented within the framework of the Insertion Modeling System (IMS) that was developed at the Glushkov Institute of Cybernetics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine under the guidance of an Academician of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Professor A.A. Letichevsky. The algebraic modeling methods prove the properties of safety and liveness. Insertion modeling is an approach for modeling complex distributed systems, which is based on the theory of interaction between agents and environments. The modeling algorithm is based on the historical data of exchange trading and the liquidity of tokens - which allows us to make accurate predictions and show possible outcomes. The interaction of tokenomics agents and their behavior, represented by the equations of behavioral algebra, is considered. The use of the algebraic approach to tokenomics development for the Internet of Things is considered, and the formal representations and methods of property analysis are presented. The obtained results allow us to discuss the possibility of using formal methods in the study of tokenomics.

Leading factors for blockchain technology implementation in the business organisations in the Bulgarian context

Leading factors for blockchain technology implementation in the business organisations in the Bulgarian context

Use of Blockchain Technology to Manage the Supply Chains: Comparison of Perspectives between Technology Providers and Early Industry Adopters

Following the interest in blockchain technology (BCT) business solutions and the nascent stage of technology in supply chain (SC) practices, this research compares views from business practitioners who are experienced in real cases of BCT adoption with the views of technology consultants proficient in the complexities of BCT to analyze the benefits and challenges BCT holds for SCs. Based on the comparison of the two sides, the joint views that both adopters and technology consultants share is the ability that BCT holds to speed up processes across SCs through decentralized data access, thus decreasing human errors and reducing paperwork. However, technology consultants perceive the need to increase BCT awareness levels of businesses, to prevent BCT implementation just for reasons such as ‘recordkeeping’ and to reduce misconceptions in areas such as cryptocurrency applications. The findings also revealed that technology consultants insist on the careful evaluation and definition of records to be kept on BCT platforms prior to the adoption process, in order to avoid unnecessary data input. Currently, according to early industry adopters’ cases, most business attempts of BCT adoption use private networks, so technology consultants promote business entities on developing plans towards open-access public networks.

Blockchain Technology Implementation in the Energy Sector: Comprehensive Literature Review and Mapping

Satisfying the world’s rapidly increasing demands in energy via the optimized management of available resources is becoming one of the most important research trends worldwide. When it comes to energy, it is very important to talk about decentralization, security, traceability and transparency. Thus, over the last few years, numerous research works have presented blockchain technology as the best novel business platform enabling a secure, transparent and tamper-proof energy management solution. In this paper, we conducted a systematic literature review (SLR) using the PRISMA framework of the different existing research studies related to the use of the blockchain technology in the energy sector, published between 2008 and 2021. We identified a total of 769 primary studies after intensive manual analysis and filtering, which we thoroughly assessed using various criteria to address six main research questions that covered the blockchain types, applications and platforms in the energy sector, the energy source types for which blockchain platforms are implemented, the emergent technologies that are combined to blockchain solutions, and the types of consensuses used in energy blockchains. Based on the collected survey data, we built a database to categorize the existing research works, identify research trends, and highlight knowledge gaps and potential areas for additional field study.

Implementation of Management Decisions for the Implementation of Blockchain Technologies in Public Authorities

In recent years, there has been growing interest in blockchain-based operating systems from computer science, economics, and law, but the literature is still in its infancy. The public sector is becoming an area of application for blockchain technology, with governments and others having published more than 200 examples of its use worldwide. However, despite the growing interest, actual implementation of blockchain-based technologies and systems in public administration remains limited. Previous studies have highlighted a number of challenges associated with its implementation, including inadequate regulation, security and privacy issues, lack of interoperable infrastructure, inefficient and energy-intensive transactions, the need for changes in administrative processes, and ultimately, the lack of effective governance models. The purpose of this paper is to identify what management decisions need to be made for the development of blockchain technologies and systems in public authorities and how different contextual factors in public sector affect the available options for blockchain governance. The literature review showed that managerial decisions regarding the use of blockchain in public institutions need to be defined at different levels. At the same time, all these levels are not independent levels of blockchain management, but interrelated ones. It was defined, that blockchain governance in public authorities includes different solutions related to decision mechanisms, incentive mechanisms, consensus building mechanisms, organization, accountability, and management control. Several important conclusions were drawn for system developers and decision makers interested in applying blockchain solutions in public administration. First, politicians and system developers need to consider the interrelationships between levels of public administration and assess the impact of decisions at one level on other levels of public administration. Second, the state current frameworks in a particular sector (e.g., health, security, education, etc.) may influence the choice of a particular blockchain-based governance option. Third, the implementation of blockchain-based systems and technologies in public administration depends on the level of public trust in government. Therefore, further research is needed to clarify the relationship between trust in public institutions and the political choice to build a blockchain-based governance structure.

Strategic factors in implementing blockchain technology in Indonesia's value-added tax system

This study examines the strategic factors to implement blockchain technology in Indonesia's Value-Added Tax (VAT) system. Blockchain technology is a transparent technology in which each party who is a member of the chain know the data or information in the blockchain network. Therefore, blockchain technology can be used only for transparent data. The research topic is limited to the scope of VAT because there is data in Indonesia's VAT which is transparent and safe to know by other parties and public. The approach used in this study is qualitative with the aim of analyzing strategic factors for implementing blockchain in Indonesia's VAT system. Based on the objectives, this study was categorized as descriptive research. The data collection techniques used in this study included field studies, in-depth interviews, and literature review related to the topic. The results of this study indicate that the factors that need to be considered in implementing blockchain in Indonesia's VAT system are organizational factors, which consist of organizational readiness, support from parties with higher authority, technological readiness, innovation, governance, and internal regulation processes; environmental factors which consist of external government support and partner support; and technological factors which consist of benefits, data security, smart contract coding, architecture, permissions, and shared infrastructure.

Colombian Origin Coffee Supply Chain Traceability by a Blockchain Implementation

This exploratory study explains how to implement Blockchain technology for a supply chain by a proof of concept on Hyperledger Fabric, an open distributed ledger platform. This approach allowed to identify the feasibility and some implementation challenges, yield feedback, and exemplify one manner of tracing product origin using a distributed ledger technology. For this purpose, the case study of origin coffee is analyzed, given the relevance of traceability in this type of coffee and the cultural and economic importance of this agricultural product in the Colombian context. In addition, the data stored in the Blockchain and some technological architecture aspects are discussed.

Blockchain's potential for waste management in textile industry

PurposeAll supply chains must address waste management since it is a crucial step toward a sustainable world. This article aims to analyze the potential of blockchain technology in waste management by focusing on the textile sector, which is one of the polluting industries. The study's main objective is to realize businesses' waste management practices and sustainability initiatives and then to comprehend how practitioners perceive the implementation of blockchain technology to waste management.Design/methodology/approachThe waste management procedures and actors' perceptions of blockchain technology are examined using a qualitative study approach that adopts an in-depth interview methodology. The collected data is analyzed by a qualitative analysis software (e.g. MAXQDA).FindingsFindings of the study show that blockchain technology is still in its infancy and needs to be communicated to the actors of the sector. The technology has low potential due to the barriers it faces during the development phase. However, it is considered to be an important technological development for the textile sector stakeholders.Originality/valueThis study is important to notice at what stage the waste management practices and how to develop better with modern technologies like blockchain. Blockchain technology has essential potential for supply chains, but sustainability concerns are becoming a major issue to be solved. Waste management is therefore an important subject to be analyzed and provided with innovative solutions that will contribute to sustainability efforts. To the author's best knowledge, this is the first attempt to comprehend the potential of blockchain in the textile industry in terms of waste management.

Implementation challenges of blockchain technology in closed-loop supply chain: A Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) management perspective in developing countries

ABSTRACT Closed-loop supply chain (CLSC) activities ensure flawless Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) management by the usage of IoT and Blockchain technology (BCT) is proven as an effective and sustainable solution among developed countries. However, implementation challenges including data integrity, accessibility, and reluctance to change restrict the potential of these digital technologies in developing countries. Thus, to extend the existing literature, the study has relevance. Based on a systematic literature review, Best Worst Method (BWM) is used for determining the most critical BCT implementation barriers affecting WEEE. This study identifies the IoT-enabled BCT implementation issues in closed-loop WEEE management. This study examines the appropriate issues in the context of developing a legislative support system, ineffective database management, low understanding of cognitive technologies, and information security and privacy are the key concerns for BCT implementation in closed-loop supply chains. The model is an effort in the waste management domain for the transition of developing economies towards circularity.

Implementation of blockchain technology using extended CNN for lung cancer prediction

Early identification of lung cancer is essential since the disease progresses quickly. Early-stage lung cancer diagnosis will be the first usage of the Internet of Things (IoT). With a worldwide network of IoT devices and a high degree of trust in the model's accuracy, on-the-fly training for IoT devices is very essential. As many as a million lives are saved each year because to early detection of illness, which seals the airways and prevents infection. Image processing and machine learning techniques provided the first evidence of malignant growth. Symptoms of lung cancer generally don't show up until the disease has advanced very far. At this stage, getting medical help becomes quite difficult. A whistling sound, hoarseness, weight gain in the face and/or an increase in the size of the upper chest may appear first, followed by the curling or rising of your fingers or the experience of pain when swallowing. Sputum with a red or rust-colored hue is a sign of malignancy, as is shortness of breath and chronic chest pain. In addition to identifying and arranging lung knobs, a lung computed tomography image may also be utilised to estimate their risk level. Preparation does not have as much of an impact on ECNN's accuracy and temporal complexity as it did on previous frameworks. They are made up of abnormal cells that form a tumour. An uncontrolled development and destruction of the lungs. Various kinds of lung cancer begin to develop as a result of this process, which continues until a tumour forms. Lung cells are damaged when they come into contact with airborne contaminants. + The new approach offered is ECNN+.

Revitalizing Trade Finance for MSMES in India Through Blockchain Technology

Role of MSMEs in the economic and social growth of India is indispensable. However, trade finance is a major concern for most of the MSMEs in India. Blockchain technology can play here a crucial role by providing a secured and transparent digital platform thereby reducing both compliance time and cost. However, implementation of blockchain technology requires strong willingness, robust IT infrastructure, substantial changes in regulatory systems and basic IT skills on the part of the users. Given the vision of the Government of India to bring 60 per cent of the SMEs credit under digital umbrella by 2029, it can be contemplated that a new era will open for MSMEs in trade finance in India.

The Investigation of the Awareness of Implementing Blockchain Technology in Audit Trails among the Auditors

The Investigation of the Awareness of Implementing Blockchain Technology in Audit Trails among the Auditors