Orthodontic Implants Research Articles

Optimized modelling and kinetic analysis of nickel recovery from waste orthodontic implants using response surface methodology

With the increasing applications of nickel in industrial homogeneous catalysis, coatings, and batteries a large amount can be recycled from waste orthodontic implants that contain ∼ 10% nickel. This research has reported a cost-effective, low temperature, and environmentally friendly route for recovering nickel from the waste orthodontic implants using a hydrometallurgical technique. Response surface methodology coupled with central composition design (CCD) was employed to optimize and maximize the yield. Leaching time, temperature, rotational speed, and solid–liquid (S-L) ratio were considered independent parameters, while recovery of nickel was taken as a response. A quadratic regression model was developed for the maximization of nickel leaching concerning input parameters and response. Different performance indicators (i.e., RE, RMSE, and MAE) were employed to assess the developed model further. Based on ANOVA analysis, temperature, and S-L ratio were found to be statistically significant factors. The results show a maximum nickel yield of ∼95% was achieved with optimized parameters viz., temperature (90 °C), leaching time (180 min), rotational speed (40 rpm), and S-L ratio (1:50). Furthermore, the kinetic analysis of the process is also carried out using the Jander rate equation, and the calculated activation energy of nickel leaching with a first-order reaction is 39.8 kJ/mol.

A Three-Dimensional Finite Element Analysis: Maxillary Dentition Distalization with the Aid of Microimplant in Lingual Orthodontics.

AimTo analyze the movement of anterior teeth by changing the height of the power-arm and changing the force application points during whole maxillary dentition distalization with the aid of micro-implants in lingual orthodontics to set a biomechanical reference for effective clinical use of lingual orthodontic appliance.MethodsA three-dimensional finite element model of the maxillary teeth with lingual appliance and the associated support tissue was established. Maxillary dentition with the force of 200g was distalized using implant as anchorage, then the movement of anterior teeth was analyzed by changing the length of power-arm (1mm, 3mm, 6mm, 9mm) and by changing the force location from lingual side to buccal side.ResultsDuring whole maxillary dentition distalization with aid of the implants in lingual orthodontics: when the height of power arm was 1mm, the anterior teeth rotated clockwise, with the increasing of the height of power-arm, the anterior teeth rotated counterclockwise gradually. When the height of power-arm was 9mm, all anterior teeth rotated counterclockwise. Central incisor and lateral incisor rotated counterclockwise and canine rotated clockwise when the buccal side force was applied.ConclusionWith the increase of the height of the power-arm, the movement pattern of the upper anterior teeth is different. The canine is more sensitive to the height of the power-arm than the central incisor and the lateral incisor. When the height of the power-arm reaches 9mm, the upper anterior teeth are displayed as crown tipping buccally movement. Compare with lingual side force, the buccal side force do better in preventing the loss of anterior tooth torque. If the upper anterior teeth are up-right or lingually tipped before treatment, it is preferable to use longer power-arm or buccal side traction force. If the anterior teeth are already tipped buccally, then short power-arm or lingual side force is advised.

Non-surgical management of a young adult with Class II Skeletal Base and vertical maxillary excess using Mini Implants

Class II skeletal dysplasias have always been a challenge in orthodontics and often require surgical management in adjunct to Orthodontics in non growing patients when presented with a severe discrepancy. Difficulty increases more when the patient also has a vertical dysplasia in congruence with a sagittal discrepancy. The advent of mini implants in orthodontics has expanded the envelope of camouflage treatment. This case report presents a female patient with a skeletal Class II base attributable to retrognathic mandible and an orthognathic maxilla showing Vertical Maxillary excess, treated non-extraction with absolute intrusion of maxillary arch using Infra zygomatic crestal (IZC) bone screws bilaterally in the posterior and two inter radicular implants in the anterior region. Keywords: Absolute intrusion, Infra Zygomatic Crestal implants, Mini implants

An Overview on the Applications of Finite Element Analysis in Orthodontic

In the 21st era, technological progressions challenged the dental professional to perform extremely risky and multifaceted procedures more reliably and harmless way using the finite element method (FEM) that can sim-ulate and analyze the dental structures. As orthodontic revolve about the forces so FEM is one of the most accurate tools for the researchers in this ground. This review highlights the use of the finite element method in orthodontics and craniofacial research. This stores the different researches performed by using the finite ele-ment model to study the growth of the cranial structure, biomechanical reaction to orthopedic forces, ortho-dontic tooth movement, orthognathic surgeries application, and orthodontic implants

Implants in orthodontics: A brief review

Implants in orthodontics: A brief review - IJODR- Print ISSN No: - 2581-9356 Online ISSN No:- 2581-9364 Article DOI No:- 10.18231/j.ijodr.2021.008, IP Indian Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Research-IP Indian J Orthod Dentofacial Res

Microstructural behaviour and electrochemical characterization of Nitinol alloy subjected to constrained groove pressing and heat treatment

Nitinol, owing to its excellent shape memory properties, superelasticity and high corrosion resistance is an ideal choice for orthodontic implants. Its mechanical and electrochemical properties can be further improved by suitable mechanical processing and heat treatment. The present work shows the effect of Constrained Groove Pressing (CGP) and post CGP heat treatment at three different temperatures of 350°C, 450°C and 550°C on the electrochemical behaviour of Nitinol. The Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) and Potentiodynamic Polarization (PDP) studies of water quenched, CGP processed and CGP and heat treated specimens were analysed and it was observed that the heat treated samples showed an improvement in polarization resistance in the order of 15%–42%, with the highest resistance observed for the specimen heat treated at 350°C. An overall improvement in the microhardness, post CGP treatment was also observed. The microstructures of all the samples were observed using optical microscopy to validate the change in mechanical and electrochemical properties. The results of these studies showed that CGP led to an increase in dislocation density and grain refinement, which were responsible for improvement of mechanical properties. The post CGP heat treatment led to nucleation and growth of intermetallic compounds Ni4Ti3 and Ni3Ti whose presence was confirmed by XRD and were responsible for the modification in Nitinol’s electrochemical behaviour.

Assessment of the effect of the length of orthodontic mini-screw implants on their long-term stability

Assessment of the effect of the length of orthodontic mini-screw implants on their long-term stability

Pre-prosthetic Orthodontic Implant for an Aesthetic Rehabilitation : A Case Report

A combination of dental problems such as missing teeth, proclination of teeth and occlusal problems cannot be satisfactorily treated by prosthodontic approach alone. The rehabilitation of patients requiring an esthetic smile demands the collaboration of multiple dental specialists. the need for orthodontic tooth movement prior to restorative treatment is necessary for some patients, in order to optimize both esthetic and functional aspects of dental treatment.The present case report achieved successful implant based oral rehabilitation in a patient with absence of the right maxillary central incisor utilizing a preprosthetic orthodontic implant site preparation for the purpose of space gain.

Comparative Toxicological In Vitro and In Ovo Screening of Different Orthodontic Implants Currently Used in Dentistry.

Selecting the most biocompatible orthodontic implant available on the market may be a major challenge, given the wide array of orthodontic devices currently available on the market. The latest scientific data have suggested that in vitro evaluations using oral cell lines provide reliable data regarding the toxicity of residual particles released by different types of orthodontic devices. In this regard, the in vitro biocompatibility of three different commercially available implants (stainless steel and titanium-based implants) was assessed. Methods: As an in vitro model, human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) were employed to evaluate the cellular morphology, cell viability, and cytotoxicity by means of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays at 24 h and 72 h post-exposure to test implants. Results: The results correlate the composition and topography of the implant surface with biological experimental evaluations related to directly affected cells (gingival fibroblasts) and toxicological results on blood vessels (hen’s egg test-chorioallantoic membrane (HET-CAM) assay). The stainless steel implant exhibits a relative cytotoxicity against HGF cells, while the other two samples induced no significant alterations of HGF cells. Conclusion: Among the three test orthodontic implants, the stainless steel implant induced slight cytotoxic effects, thus increased vigilance is required in their clinical use, especially in patients with high sensitivity to nickel.

Pre-prosthetic Orthodontic Implant for an Aesthetic Rehabilitation : A Case Report

A combination of dental problems such as missing teeth, proclination of teeth and occlusal problems cannot be satisfactorily treated by prosthodontic approach alone. The rehabilitation of patients requiring an esthetic smile demands the collaboration of multiple dental specialists. the need for orthodontic tooth movement prior to restorative treatment is necessary for some patients, in order to optimize both esthetic and functional aspects of dental treatment.The present case report achieved successful implant based oral rehabilitation in a patient with absence of the right maxillary central incisor utilizing a preprosthetic orthodontic implant site preparation for the purpose of space gain.

Recognizing the peak bone mass (age 30) as a cutoff point to achieve the success of orthodontic implants

Recognizing the peak bone mass (age 30) as a cutoff point to achieve the success of orthodontic implants

Nickel Allergy: Epidemiology, Pathomechanism, Clinical Patterns, Treatment and Prevention Programs.

Nickel is the most common cause of contact allergy in the general population and the most frequently detected allergen in patients patch tested for suspected allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). ACD from nickel is a typical type IV hypersensitivity. Nickel allergy is mostly caused by nonoccupational exposure, such as jewelry and clothing decorations, metal tools, medical devices (mainly orthopedic and orthodontic implants, cardiovascular prosthesis), eyeglasses, utensils, keys, pigment for paint, cosmetics, and food (mainly legumes, chocolate, salmon, peanuts). Occupational exposure can involve several workers (mechanics, metalworkers, platers, hairdressers, jewelers, workers in the constructions and electronic industries), classically involving hands and forearms. The classic clinical pattern of ACD caused by nickel is characterized by eczematous dermatitis involving the sites of direct contact with the metal. Non-eczematous-patterns are reported, including lichenoid dermatitis, granuloma annulare, vitiligo-like lesions, dyshidrosiform dermatitis, and vasculitis. In the case of systemic exposure to nickel, sensitized patients could develop systemic contact dermatitis. Patch testing represents the gold standard for the diagnosis of ACD from nickel. Treatment includes avoidance of contact with products containing nickel and the patient's education about the possible use of alternative products. A recent EU nickel directive, regulating the content and release of nickel from products, has caused a decrease of nickel contact allergy in some European countries. Nickel allergy is a relevant issue of public health with significant personal, social, and economic impact. This review summarizes epidemiology, pathomechanism, clinical patterns, treatment, and prevention programs.

Free gingival grafts vs mucosal excision in increasing the amount of keratinized mucosa during exposure of submerged orthodontic implants: a comparative, split-mouth study.

The aim of the present study was to compare the clinical outcomes after using free gingival grafts (FGGs) and mucosal excision during exposure of submerged orthodontic implants. Bilateral sites in 28 subjects were divided into two groups: In the FGG group, FGG augmentation was performed around the orthodontic implants, and in the mucosal excision group, a periosteal bed was made after mucosal excision to promote attached mucosa with no additional soft-tissue augmentation. Outcomes measured during the course of the study were the width of attached mucosa, soft tissue regrowth, degree of inflammation, oral debris, and shrinkage of the attached mucosa around the orthodontic implants over a period of 3 months. FGG was more effective in increasing the width of attached mucosa over simple excision of the mucosa alone (2.87 mm vs 1.5 mm; P = .001). In both the groups, there was minimal postoperative soft tissue regrowth over the orthodontic implants, with no statistical significance difference between them (P > .05). The AM in both the treatment modalities demonstrated significant shrinkage (44% in FGG group vs 68% in mucosal excision group; P = .001). However, sites receiving augmentation showed significantly less inflammation than sites treated with mucosal excision (0.63 vs 1.5; P = .001). There was no statistical difference in oral debri accumulation between both the treatment modalities (P = .43) at the end of study period. Over a simple mucosal excision, using a FGG results in an uninflamed and immobile band of attached mucosa around an orthodontic implant, which offers greater comfort and stability during its function.

Experience of application of orthodontic implants in patients who are in orthodontic treatment at the Pediatric dentistry and orthodontics Department

Цель: повышение эффективности ортодонтического лечения с использованием ортодонтических имплантатов в качестве дополнительной опоры. Материалы и методы. В данной работе были использованы ортоимпланты Bio-Ray различных размеров, которые фиксировались в подскуловом гребне на верхней челюсти, в области наружной косой линии на нижней челюсти и передней и боковой группы зубов. Результаты. В ходе исследования установлено, что у пациентов с мезиальной, дистальной окклюзией, с глубокой резцовой дизокклюзией зубных рядов использование ортоимплантов значительно повышает уровень и качество ортодонтического лечения за счет уменьшения сроков лечения, а также позволяет добиться более стабильных результатов. Выводы. Ортодонтические имплантаты в качестве дополнительной опоры ускоряют процесс перемещения зубов, что значительно уменьшает срок ортодонтического лечения.

Recognizing the peak bone mass (age 30) as a cutoff point to achieve the success of orthodontic implants.

The aim of present study was to investigate the critical risk factor (age 30: peak bone mass) to evaluate the success of orthodontic implants. A total of 426 orthodontic implants were placed in 270 patients as orthodontic anchorages. Data were analyzed according to patient's characteristics, location of placement, implant categories, and orthodontic force. The young patients were the age ≤ 30years and the older patients were the age > 30years. Statistical analysis was performed and a p value < 0.05 was considered to indicate statistical significance. The Chi-square or Fisher exact test was used depending on sample sizes. The null hypothesis was no statistically significant correlation between age ≤ 30years and age > 30years. The overall success rate (with and without predrill) was 89.2%. The success rate of orthodontic implants was significantly larger in younger patients (89.9%) than in older patients (76.1%). Recognizing age-related factor in the success rates, older patient (> 30years) were significant lower than young patients (≤ 30years) in the gender (female and male), malocclusion (Class II), facial pattern (ortho and hyperdivergent), location (infrazygomatic crest), jaw (maxilla), side (right), material (titanium and stainless), length (9mm and 10mm), diameter (2mm), load (< 3weeks), and force (intrusion). Therefore, the null hypothesis was rejected. Age 30 is a cutoff point to achieve the success of orthodontic implants. The success rates of older patients (age > 30years) were significant lower than young patients (age ≤ 30years), especially in female.

Application of Resonance Frequency Analysis in Orthodontics:A Review

The success of mini implants depends on primary stability followed by secondary stabilization. Resonance frequency analysis has been used to assess the primary stability of implants used in dentistry. There is a paucity in the literature regarding its use in orthodontics. This review attempts to showcase the efficiency and reliability of resonance frequency analysis for assessing stability of orthodontic implants.

Carbides formation in weld metal produced by recycling of titanium machining swarf

Application of titanium alloys for orthodontic implants have increase in last years and it has generated a great amount of titanium chips which are disposed as metal scrap. Titanium carbide has high hardness and can be applied as coating reinforcement against wear. Chips of titanium alloys were processed and used in the fabrication of experimental hardfacing consumables for improving the resistance of wear of mechanical components. Coatings were produced in cast steel specimens using the gas tungsten arc welding process. Microstructure was investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy. Microhardness of the coatings was analyzed by a dynamic ultra-micro hardness tester. The microstructure of the welding metal was composed of circular particles of titanium carbide surrounded by a ferritic matrix. The measures made by electron dispersive spectroscopy showed a variation in titanium amount trough the weld, where larger contents of titanium were found, and the matrix. The crystallographic analyses reinforced the formation of titanium carbides embedded in a ferrite matrix into welding metal.

Failure Analysis of Hexagonal Headed Screw to Clamp Orthodontic Clip

The human teeth function is that to mechanically breakdown items of food by cutting and crushing them in preparation for swallowing and digesting. Tooth Development is complex process by which the teeth form from embryonic cells, grow into mouth. By significant amount of research in this field, it is widely accepted that there is most of factor within tissues that is necessary for development of teeth. Orthodontic dental implants have become a widely accepted treatment option for both partially and completely for lack amount of teeth’s in patients’ mouth. The clinical use of miniscrew anchorage includes some risks. Screw fracture might be one of the most undesirable side effects in clinical use of miniscrew anchorage. Orthodontic Implant Screw of Organization S.K. Surgical is undergoing failure at time of insertion. Failure of Implant Screw in jaw of patient is causing major problems like surgery for removal, long healing period of jaw, time and money wastage, loss of Reputation.

Influence of Implant Length and Associated Parameters Upon Biomechanical Forces in Finite Element Analyses: A Systematic Review.

The aim of this systematic review is to provide an overview of finite element analyses comparing standard and short dental implants concerning biomechanical properties and to detect the most relevant parameters affecting periimplant stress concentrations. After screening the literature and assessment of studies, 36 studies were included in this review. Eighty-three percent of the studies state that short dental implants have to bear higher stress concentrations compared with standard length implants. At the same time, 44% of articles note that implant diameter can be considered a more effective design parameter than implant length to reduce stress concentrations and to avoid an overload of periimplant bone. Regardless of implant dimension, in all studies, the highest stress concentrations are found in the cortical section around the upper part of the implant. Unaffected of bone quality, implant diameter is found to play a key role to minimize periimplant stress concentrations. Concerning stress reduction implant length gains increasing relevance with decreasing bone density. Furthermore, splinting of short implants constitute an appropriate tool to avoid crestal overloading.

Three-dimensional quantitative assessment of palatal bone height for insertion of orthodontic implants - a retrospective CBCT study

BackgroundOrthodontic implants have found widespread use as means of maximum skeletal anchorage in fixed orthodontic treatment, their optimal insertion location in the hard palate, however, is still controversial. The aim of this study was therefore to assess mean bone height across the hard palate and possible age- and sex related differences to identify the most favourable location according to maximum bone height, optimizing primary stability and survival of inserted orthodontic implants.MethodsIn this retrospective cross-sectional study, maxillary pretreatment CBCT scans of 180 healthy orthodontic patients (95♀, 85♂, age 8–40 years) were analysed with regard to vertical palatal bone height in the midpalatal area at 88 validated points distanced 2 mm from each other forming a grid of 0–14 mm posterior to the incisive foramen and 10 mm lateral of the midpalatal suture. Differences in bone height regarding sex and topographical location were assessed by three-way ANOVA.ResultsIn general, the midpalatal suture as well as the anterior-lateral palatal region showed distinctly higher mean palatal bone height with its maximum 4 mm posterior of the incisive foramen, whereas bone height was limited at the posterior region of the midpalatal suture. Women generally had significantly decreased palatal bone height compared to men at all measurement points. Higher age was associated with a decrease of bone height in the anterior and posterior lateral palatal region and the median palatal raphe with significant age differences.ConclusionsThe midpalatal suture as well as the anterior lateral palate seem to be most suitable for the insertion of orthodontic implants. Palatal bone height, however, was found to be sex- and age-specific, thus sex- and age-related differences should be taken into account, particularly regarding implant length. The ideal insertion site in the palate with sufficient bone height for orthodontic implants is 0-8 mm (men) or 0-6 mm (women) posterior to the incisive foramen and 10 mm lateral to the midpalatal suture.Trial registraionThis study has been registered and approved by the Ethics Committee of the University of Witten/Herdecke, Germany (12/2016).