Implant Scan Bodies Research Articles

Effect of Virtual Casts Superimposition Strategies on the Estimation of IOS Accuracy in Complete-Arch Scans.

This study aims to assess the impact of three different strategies of best-fit (BF) alignments of virtual casts on the estimation of the accuracy of intraoral scanner (IOS) in complete-arch scans. A maxillary typodont, modified with an Implant Scan Body (ISB) in the retroincisive area, was digitized using a desktop scanner (SW Optor Lab) to obtain a reference STL file. The typodont was then scanned 10 times using two IOSs (Trios4, Itero). Each STL file obtained from the IOS was superimposed onto the reference cast using three methods in CloudCompare: full-arch BF (BF-full), BF at the starting tooth (BF-tooth), and BF at the ISB (BF-ISB). Discrepancies from the reference were recorded, and trueness and precision were compared for each method. Statistical analysis with the Kruskall-Wallis nonparametric test was performed (α = 0.05). The Kruskall-Wallis test (p ⟨0.05) revealed statistically significant differences in trueness and precision among the alignment methods. Post Hoc multiple comparison test p-values were all below the critical alpha value. Differences in BF methods lead to significantly different accuracy values of IOS complete-arch scans as different virtual casts' alignment discrepancy. BF-full had the highest accuracy followed by BF-ISB and BF-tooth.

Classification of Complete-Arch Implant Scanning Techniques Recorded by Using Intraoral Scanners.

To classify the complete-arch implant scanning techniques recorded by using intraoral scanners (IOSs). Different implant scanning techniques have been described for recording complete-arch implant scans by using IOSs. However, dental literature lacks on a classification of these implant scanning techniques. Implant scanning techniques aim is to record the 3-dimensional position of the implants being scanned, while implant scanning workflows require additional scans to record all the information needed for designing an implant prosthesis. This additional information includes soft tissue information, tooth position, antagonist arch, and maxillomandibular relationship. There are five complete-arch implant scanning techniques captured by using IOSs: non-splinting, non-calibrated splinting, calibrated implant scan bodies, calibrated frameworks, and reverse impression methods. The digital workflow varies depending on the implant scanning technique selected. The understanding of the varying implant scanning techniques and the main differences among them may ease the decision criteria for recording digital implant scans by using intraoral scanners.

An overview of artificial intelligence based applications for assisting digital data acquisition and implant planning procedures.

To provide an overview of the current artificial intelligence (AI) based applications for assisting digital data acquisition and implant planning procedures. A review of the main AI-based applications integrated into digital data acquisitions technologies (facial scanners (FS), intraoral scanners (IOSs), cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) devices, and jaw trackers) and computer-aided static implant planning programs are provided. The main AI-based application integrated in some FS's programs involves the automatic alignment of facial and intraoral scans for virtual patient integration. The AI-based applications integrated into IOSs programs include scan cleaning, assist scanning, and automatic alignment between the implant scan body with its corresponding CAD object while scanning. The more frequently AI-based applications integrated into the programs of CBCT units involve positioning assistant, noise and artifacts reduction, structures identification and segmentation, airway analysis, and alignment of facial, intraoral, and CBCT scans. Some computer-aided static implant planning programs include patient's digital files, identification, labeling, and segmentation of anatomical structures, mandibular nerve tracing, automatic implant placement, and surgical implant guide design.

Influence of scanning protocol on the accuracy of complete-arch digital implant scans: An invitro study.

This in-vitro study assessed the influence of two intraoral scanning (IOS) protocols on the accuracy (trueness and precision) of digital scans performed in edentulous arches. Twenty-two abutment-level master casts of edentulous arches with at least four implants were scanned repeatedly five times, each with two different scanning protocols. Protocol A (IOS-A) consisted of scanning the edentulous arch before inserting the implant scan bodies, followed by their insertion and its subsequent digital acquisition. Protocol B (IOS-B) consisted of scanning the edentulous arch with the scan bodies inserted from the outset. A reference scan from each edentulous cast was obtained using a laboratory scanner. Trueness and precision were calculated using the spatial fit analysis, cross-arch distance, and virtual Sheffield test. Statistical analysis was performed using generalized estimating equations (GEEs). Statistical significance was set at α = .05. In the spatial fit test, the precision of average 3D distances was 45 μm (±23 μm) with protocol IOS-A and 25 μm (±10 μm) for IOS-B (p < .001), and the trueness of average 3D distances was 44 μm (±24 μm) with protocol IOS-A and 24 μm (±7 μm) for IOS-B (p < .001). Cross-arch distance precision was 59 μm (±53 μm) for IOS-A and 41 μm (±43 μm) for IOS-B (p = .0035), and trueness was 64 μm (±47 μm) for IOS-A and 50 μm (±40 μm) for IOS-B (p = .0021). Virtual Sheffield precision was 286 μm (±198 μm) for IOS-A and 146 μm (±92 μm) for IOS-B (p < .001), and trueness was 228 μm (±171 μm) for IOS-A and 139 μm (±92 μm) for IOS-B (p < .001). The IOS-B protocol demonstrated significantly superior accuracy. Placement of scan bodies before scanning the edentulous arch is recommended to improve the accuracy of complete-arch intraoral scanning.

A Comparison of Scan Data Accuracy of Implant Scan Body and Encoded Healing Abutment

A Comparison of Scan Data Accuracy of Implant Scan Body and Encoded Healing Abutment

Impact of scanning distance on the accuracy of a photogrammetry system

PurposeTo measure the impact of the scanning distance on the accuracy of complete-arch implant scans acquired by using a photogrammetry (PG) system. Material and methodsAn edentulous cast with 6 implant abutment analogs was obtained. A brand new implant scan body was positioned on each implant abutment and digitized using an extraoral scanner (T710; Medit) and the reference file was obtained. Three groups were created based on the scanning distance used to acquire complete-arch implant scans by using a PG (PIC System; PIC Dental): 20 (20 group), 30 (30 group), and 35 cm (35 group). An optical marker (PIC Transfer, HC MUA Metal; PIC Dental) was placed on each implant abutment and a total of thirty scans per group were acquired. Euclidean linear and angular measurements were obtained on the reference file was obtained and used to compare the discrepancies with the same measurements obtained on each experimental scan. One-way ANOVA and Tukey tests were used to analyze trueness. The Levene test was used to analyze the precision values (α = 0.05). ResultsSignificant linear (P < .001) and angular trueness (P < .001) discrepancies were found among the groups. For linear trueness, Tukey test showed that the 20 and 30 groups (P < .001) and 30 and 35 groups were different (P < .001). For angular trueness, the Tukey test revealed that 20 and 30 groups (P = .003), 20 and 35 (P < .001), and 30 and 35 groups were different (P < .001) The Levene test showed no significant linear precision (P = .197) and angular discrepancies (P = .229) among the groups. ConclusionsThe scanning distance influenced the trueness of complete-arch implant scans obtained with the PG method tested. The maximum linear trueness mean discrepancy among the groups tested was 10 µm and the maximum angular trueness mean discrepancy among the groups tested was 0.02 .

Repositioning accuracy of the implant- and abutment-level prosthetic components used in conventional and digital workflows

ObjectivesTo evaluate the repositioning accuracy of the implant- and abutment-level impression components (impression abutments and implant scan bodies) and implant abutments (with and without anti-rotational hex index); also, to estimate the tightening torque influence on the positional stability of abutments. MethodsSeven types of prosthetic components (n = 7) [impression pick-up copings (PC), implant scan bodies (ISB), non‑hex and hex titanium base implant abutments (TB H and TB NH), multi-unit impression copings (MU PC), multi-unit implant scan bodies (MU ISB), and multi-unit caps (MU C) (Medentika GmbH)] were tested. For repositioning accuracy tests a coordinate measuring machine (CMM) was used. During assembly 15 Ncm torque for all components was applied. After measurement, only hex and non‑hex abutments were torqued to 25 Ncm and their coordinates were again recorded to assess torque influence. The procedure was repeated 7 times for each component. Linear and 3D deviations, angulation to the vertical axis, and axial rotation were calculated. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare the measurements between the groups. A post-hoc test (Mann–Whitney U test) was used for pairwise comparison to determine the influence of the torque (α=0.05). ResultsImplant- and abutment-level components used for digital scans showed different positional discrepancies compared to ones used for conventional impressions and ranged from 10 to 37 µm. Hex abutments demonstrated statistically significantly lower 3D deviations (4.4 ± 7.1 µm) compared to non‑hex abutments (8.7 ± 6.1 µm). Torque influence was significantly lower for hex abutments than for non‑hex abutments. ConclusionsRepositioning inaccuracies were found in all implant- and abutment-level impression components (impression abutments and implant scan bodies) and all abutments (with and without anti-rotational hex index) tested. Final tightening of the components could cause further positional discrepancies. Clinical significanceThe misfit of the prosthetic components used in conventional and digital workflows stays in the clinically acceptable range. Even when multiple connections and disconnections on the track of the laboratory preparation is needed, it should not have a negative influence for single teeth reconstructions. However, in the complex cases with multiple implants, repetitive repositioning of the prosthetic components may lead to the accumulation of vertical, horizontal and rotational errors leading to the clinical problems with the passive fit of the final framework.

Use of a dual-purpose implant scan body to obtain both digital and analog records for complete arch fixed implant restorations

A technique is described for capturing relative dental implant positions for an implant-supported fixed prosthesis in a completely edentulous arch with a novel implant indexing apparatus that also functions as a scannable verification device. A series of intraoral scans are made to record the contours and occlusal records of the existing prosthetics and soft tissue. The individual scans are aligned by using a dental software program to design either an interim or definitive prosthesis. The technique reduces the time needed to gather the records dental laboratory technicians require to fabricate a complete arch implant-supported prosthesis.

Intraoral digital implant scans: Parameters to improve accuracy.

To report the means to maximize the predictability and accuracy of intraoral digital implant scans through the evaluation of operator and patient-related factors. A search of published articles related to factors that can decrease the scanning accuracy of intraoral digital implant scans was completed in four data sources:MEDLINE, EMBASE, EBSCO, and Web of Science. All studies related to variables that can influence the accuracy of intraoral digital implant scans obtained by using intraoral scanners (IOSs) were considered. These variables included ambient lighting, scanning pattern, implant scan body (ISB) design, techniques for splinting ISBs, arch location, implant position, and inter-implant distance. Among operator-related factors, ambient lighting conditions, scanning pattern, and ISB design (material, geometry, and retention design) can impact the accuracy of intraoral digital implant scans. The optimal ISB for maximizing IOS accuracy is unclear; however, polymer ISB can wear with multiple reuse and sterilization methods. Among patient-related factors, additional variables should be considered, namely arch (maxillary vs. mandibular arch), implant position in the arch, inter-implant distance, implant depth, and angulation. Ambient lighting conditions should be established based on the IOS selected to optimize the accuracy of intraoral digital implant scans. The optimal scanning pattern may vary based on the IOS, clinical situation, and the number of implants. The optimal ISB design may vary depending on the IOS used. Metallic implant scan bodies are preferred over polymer ISB designs to minimize wear due to multiple use and sterilization distortion. Among patient-related factors, additional variables should be considered namely the arch scanned, implant position in the arch, inter-implant distance, implant depth, and angulation. The impact of these factors may vary depending on the IOS selected.

Virtual implant scan body switch by using computer-aided design programs avoiding the need of obtaining a new intraoral implant digital scan: A novel protocol.

The present manuscript describes a technique to virtually switch an implant scan body eliminating the need of obtaining a new intraoral implant digital scan. Implant scan bodies assist on transferring the 3-dimensional position of the implants into the virtual definitive implant cast. However, if a different implant part is desired during the designing procedures of the implant restoration such as selecting a different implant abutment of varying height, angulation, or manufacturer, a new intraoral implant digital scan with the specific implant scan body is required. This novel protocol aims to reduce possible complications that require capturing a new intraoral implant digital scan, facilitate prostheses design modifications after the obtention of the definitive intraoral implant digital scan, and to ease the manufacturing procedures. The novel technique may provide a solution for virtually switch implant scan bodies for fabricating implant-supported single crowns or short-span prostheses. Additional studies are needed before its clinical implementation.

Additively manufactured devices with varying designs and sizes for acquiring initial intraoral implant scans.

Dental literature has reported greater intraoral scanning accuracy when implant scan bodies (ISBs) are connectedcompared with non-connected methods. Initial intraoral digital implant scans are required for the fabrication of a custom framework to connect implant scan bodies (IOSFix; IOSFix Dental). This calibrated metal framework is used to acquire definitive intraoral implant scans. However, the acquisition of initial intraoral implant scans can be challenging when ISBs are not connected. This article describes a step-by-step technique for connecting ISBs by using additively manufactured devices to acquire initial intraoral implant scans. This technique aims to facilitate the recording of initial intraoral implant scans, provide different device designs and sizes to connect ISBs, and reduce chairside time.

Influence of the implant scan body modifications on trueness of digital impressions

Background/purposeEffects of implant angulation on digital impression accuracy remain controversial. The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between the alteration of implant scan bodies and the trueness of digital impressions. Materials and methodsA maxillary typodont without the right premolars and first molar was scanned with a laboratory scanner and saved as a standard triangular language (STL) file. A model from the STL file was fabricated with a 3-dimensional printer. Two implants were placed into the first premolar and first molar sites of the model, followed by the insertion of two scan bodies onto the implants. These scan bodies were divided into four test groups, based on the surface modifications. A digital impression of each typodont was made with three different intraoral scanners. An abutment was digitally seated on each implant. 120 STL files (30 for each group) of the typodont with two implants and two corresponding abutments were used for statistical analysis. ResultsA total of 240 values (two implants for each typodont) were obtained after each sample (4 groups) was scanned 10 times by utilizing three intraoral scanners. The overall linear and angular discrepancies were analyzed. Group 1 showed the lowest linear discrepancy of 14.9 ± 5.4 μm while Group 4 reported the highest linear discrepancy of 137.5 ± 41.7 μm, yielding a statistical significance (P < 0.05). ConclusionIt has been concluded that the more adjustments made to the scan bodies, the greater the linear and angular deviations occur, compromising the trueness of the digital implant impression.

Accuracy of 3D printed scan bodies for dental implants using two additive manufacturing systems: An in vitro study.

This study compared the accuracy of implant scan bodies printed using stereolithography (SLA) and digital light processing (DLP) technologies to the control (manufacturer's scan body) Scan bodies were printed using SLA (n = 10) and DLP (n = 10) methods. Ten manufacturer's scan bodies were used as control. The scan body was placed onto a simulated 3D printed cast with a single implant placed. An implant fixture mount was used as standard. The implant positions were scanned using a laboratory scanner with the fixture mounts, manufacturer's scan bodies, and the printed scan bodies. The scans of each scan body was then superimposed onto the referenced fixture mount. The 3D angulation and linear deviations were measured. The angulation and linear deviations were 1.24±0.22° and 0.20±0.05 mm; 2.63±0.82° and 0.34±0.11 mm; 1.79±0.19° and 0.32±0.03 mm; for the control, SLA, and DLP, respectively. There were statistical differences (ANOVA) among the three groups in the angular (p<0.01) or linear deviations (p<0.01). Box plotting, 95% confidence interval and F-test suggested the higher variations of precision in the SLA group compared to DLP and control groups. Scan bodies printed in-office have lower accuracy compared to the manufacturer's scan bodies. The current technology for 3D printing of implant scan bodies needs trueness and precision improvements.

Effect of supramucosal height of a scan body and implant angulation on the accuracy of intraoral scanning: An in vitro study

Statement of problemIntraoral scanners (IOSs) provide a digital alternative to conventional implant impression techniques. However, the effect of the supramucosal height of the scan body and implant angulation on the accuracy of IOSs remains unclear. PurposeThe purpose of this in vitro study was to measure the impact of the supramucosal height of the scan body and implant angulation on the accuracy (trueness and precision) of intraoral digital implant scans in partially edentulous models. Material and methodsTwo maxillary partially edentulous casts with 4 implant analogs were fabricated, 1 with 4 parallel implants (P-groups) and 1 with 2 implants distally inclined 18 degrees (A-groups). An implant scan body was positioned on each implant analog (CARES RC Mono Scanbody). For each cast, 3 subgroups were determined based on the soft tissue moulage fabricated for each reference cast exposing 3 mm (P-3 and A-3 subgroups), 5 mm (P-5 and A-5 subgroups), and 7 mm (P-7 and A-7 subgroups) of the implant scan bodies. The 2 reference casts were registered by using a coordinate measurement machine and desktop scanner (7 Series Dental Wings) and then scanned using an IOS (TRIOS 4) (n=15). Linear and angular discrepancy values and root mean square (RMS) error values between the implant scan bodies measured on the reference and experimental scans were computed with an inspection software program (Geomagic). Mann-Whitney U tests with Bonferroni correction were applied for planned comparisons (α=.05/9 ≈ .006). ResultsFor linear discrepancies, statistically significant differences were found between groups P-3 and A-3 (P=.004) and between P-7 and A-7 (P=.005). For angular discrepancies, statistically significant differences were found between groups A-3 and A-5 (P=.002) and between P-7 and A-7 (P=.003). The RMS error analysis found no statistically significant differences among the groups. ConclusionsImplant angulation of 18 degrees did not significantly affect the accuracy of the intraoral scans in terms of 6 of the 9 planned comparisons, although the angled groups had lower mean values. Also, the supramucosal height of the scan body did not significantly affect the accuracy of the intraoral scans in terms of 17 of the 18 planned comparisons. Results may vary with different implant scan body designs.

Digital workflow in implant prosthodontics: The critical aspects for reliable accuracy.

This paper is a comprehensive treaty about the variables that influence the transfer of the position of an implant to the laboratory when using a digital workflow. The aim is to provide operators and manufacturers with a guide on how to improve certain aspects of the digital workflow specific to the fabrication of implant-supported restorations. It addresses intraoral scanning issues and CAD software issues. In the former, the variables that play a part in the quality of the scan file are investigated: the implant scan body, the IOS and the operator. For the latter, instead, the focus is on those aspects that still today may create inaccuracies in the workflow and in the final product being fabricated: the identification of the specific implant placed in the patient and the generation of a virtual model with the representation of that implant platform correctly positioned in the three dimensions of space. Suggestions and recommendations are given to improve the control on the quality of the digital workflow's output. In a digital workflow for the fabrication of an implant-supported restoration, the selection and use of the implant scan body, the use of an effective scan strategy and the appropriateness of the best fit function in the CAD software, that is, the procedure of superimposing the library of geometric shapes of the ISB linked to the implant with the shape acquired intraorally, are variables that can influence the positional precision of the FDP. Fully understanding the importance of the information enclosed in the ISBs themselves can be crucial in the digital workflow. A proper ISB's selection, a correct scan of the ISB's shape and an accurate CAD superimposition of the ISB's library can lead the clinician to reduce the variables that affect the final result in daily practice.

Calibrated splinting framework for complete arch intraoral implant digital scans manufactured by combining milled and additively manufacturing technologies: A dental technique

Splinting frameworks are intended to increase the accuracy of complete arch intraoral digital implant scans. This article describes a technique that uses a calibrated splinting framework manufactured by combining milled and additively manufacturing technologies (IOSRing) for assisting with complete arch intraoral digital implant scanning. The splinting framework contains milled truncated cone-shape markers whose position in the metal framework is measured during the manufacturing process with a coordinate measurement machine. This framework splints the modified implant scan bodies and assists in the complete arch intraoral implant digital scanning. Computer-aided design procedures are then used to calculate the implant position on the virtual definitive implant cast by using the position of the calibrated markers as a reference.

The Accuracy of Digital Implant Impressions when Using and Varying the Material and Diameter of the Dental Implant Scan Bodies.

The effects of using and varying the material and diameter of implant scan bodies (ISBs) on the level of accuracy of digital implant impressions is unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate these effects on the level of accuracy of scans made by an extraoral scanner (EOS) and intraoral scanner (IOS). A stone cast with two sets of ISBs was used. ISBs were made of titanium (TI) or polyether ether ketone (PEEK). Each set consisted of two narrow diameter (ND) and two regular diameter (RD) ISBs. Sixtysix scans were performed and imported into an inspection and metrology software to conduct the three-dimensional (3D) comparisons (N=140) and obtain root mean square (RMS) values. RMS values were analyzed with descriptive and inferential non-parametric statistics (α=.05). The use of ISBs did not improve the overall EOS and IOS scans accuracies. Also, varying the ISBs' diameter and material influenced the EOS and IOS accuracies. For the EOS, the precision in descending order was as follows RD TI, ND TI, RD PEEK, ND PEEK. In contrast, for the IOS an inverse relationship was noted. Finally, precision assessment should always be performed for any reference scanner under the proposed test conditions.

Vertical Deviation Caused by Tightening Torque on Implant Scan Body: An In Vitro Study.

This study evaluated the effects of manipulator level (ML) on implant scan body (ISB) seating. It also investigated ISB vertical deviation with various levels of tightening torque. In total, 10 standard acrylic resin models were prepared with the implant on the first molar site. ISBs were placed on the models by six operators with three MLs, manually and with a torque of 15 Ncm using an electronic torque driver. Digital scans were completed with an intraoral scan device. After superimposition in the software, ISB vertical deviation was compared between the 15 Ncm torque level and manual operation. One experienced operator then placed the ISB with different torque levels (20, 25, 30, and 35 Ncm) using an electronic torque driver. The ISB vertical deviation was also compared among torque levels. Vertical deviations within ML were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). One-way repeated measures ANOVA was used to analyze the differences between torque levels (α = .05). ISB vertical deviations differed among MLs (P < .01). Significant vertical deviations were observed between 20 and 30 Ncm (P < .01), 20 and 35 Ncm (P < .05), and 25 and 35 Ncm (P < .05). The largest estimated marginal mean was 13.5 ± 4.11 μm with a torque of 35 Ncm. Significant differences in ISB vertical deviation were observed according to MLs and tightening torque levels. The amounts of those deviations did not exceed the previously described occlusal threshold.

In vitro scanning accuracy using different aids for multiple implants in the edentulous arch.

Optical impressions of implants in the edentulous arch are challenged by the absence of distinct surface morphology between multiple implant scan bodies. The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate a newly developed scan aid in various designs and colors to improve the accuracy of multi-implant scans. A universal scan aid in three different designs (circular, square, irregular) and three different materials (colors: beige, gray, white) was applied to the implant scan bodies of a master model of six implants in an edentulous maxilla. Ten scans using an intra-oral scanner of each scan aid were acquired. Reference scanning was performed using a desktop optical scanner. Alignment of scans was performed at the first scan body in a three-dimensional modeling and inspection software and deviations for trueness and precision were calculated using the signed nearest-neighbor method and then statistically analyzed (α=.05). Overall, the beige irregular scan aid had the highest trueness and showed significant differences compared to unsplinted scans. The precision showed more heterogenous results and decreased when using the scan aid. Ease of use was observed with the irregular gray scan aid due to its increased elongation at break. The evaluated scan aid led to improved trueness when compared to unsplinted scans. Even though the irregular design in beige color showed highest trueness, the poor fracture strength of the tested material requires further improvement.

Effect of implant scan body geometric modifications on the trueness and scanning time of complete arch intraoral implant digital scans: An in vitro study

Statement of problemThe effect of the surface geometry of implant scan bodies (ISBs) on the accuracy and scanning time of complete arch implant digital scans remains uncertain. PurposeThe purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate whether geometric modifications on implant scan bodies (nonmodified, subtractively modified, and additively modified ISBs) affect the trueness and scanning time of complete arch intraoral implant digital scans. Material and methodsA completely edentulous maxillary cast with 2 anterior parallel and two 17-degree posteriorly tilted implant abutment analogs was prepared. A digitized reference was created from this cast with polyetheretherketone (PEEK) (CARES Mono Scanbody for screw-retained abutment) ISBs by using a desktop scanner (E3). Three different groups were created: nonmodified (NM group), subtractively modified (SM group), and additively modified (AM group). For the NM group, no modifications were made to the ISBs. For the SM group, 4 round-shaped grooves were created on the buccal, lingual, mesial, and distal sides. For the AM group, PEEK beads were printed and cemented on the same areas of the ISB of the SM group. Fifteen consecutive scans were captured with an intraoral scanner (TRIOS 3) for each group, and the scanning time was recorded. By using a metrology software program, scans of each group were superimposed on the reference file to determine the 3D surface, linear, and angular position discrepancies of each ISB. Repeated-measures analyses of variance followed by univariate analysis and Bonferroni multiple comparison tests were performed to analyze the data (α=.05). To compare the mean time among groups, 1-way analysis of variance was performed followed by the Tukey post hoc tests. ResultsSignificant 3D surface, linear, and angular position discrepancies were found when measuring trueness among the NM, SM, and AM groups (P<.001). Discrepancies in 3D surface deviation were highest for the AM group (0.266 ±0.030 mm), and the lowest mean angular deviation values were for the SM group (0.993 ±0.062 degrees). However, the mean scanning time was not significantly different among the groups tested (P=.237). ConclusionsFor complete arch intraoral implant digital scans, subtractive modifications on ISBs enhanced scanning trueness, while additive modifications on ISBs decreased scanning trueness. However, implant scan body geometric modifications did not affect scanning time.