Spray Impingement Research Articles

Impact of Humic Acid Addition and Ginger Rhizome Extract Spraying on Apricot Seedlings, Cv. Hamawi

During the growing season of 2021, the study was carried out in the lath house of the Department of Horticulture and Landscaping at the College of Agriculture at the University of Anbar, to investigate the impact of humic acid (H) addition at values of (0, 4, 8 ml L-1) and misting a ginger rhizome extract (Z) solution at (0, 5, 10 g L-1) concentrations On a few apricot seedling growth traits and chemical composition, cultivar Hamawi. The outcomes showed a considerable impact of humic acid addition on all attributes investigated, particularly the high level (H2, which exhibited the attributes with the highest values (seedlings height 30.57 cm, length of branches 18.6 cm, the stem diameter is 2.7 mm, number of leaves is 132.8 leaf seedlings-1, the percentage of dry matter of leaves is 51.86%, the leaf area 2065.02 cm2 seedlings-1, chlorophyll content of leaves 11.21 mg g-1 fresh weight, leaves content of total carbohydrates 13.76%). Spraying ginger rhizome extract was used as treatment (Z2), and it had the most notable effects on the characteristics (The rate of increase in seedling height, rate of increase in stem diameter, rate of increase in number of leaves, percentage of leaf dry matter, leaf area, content of leaves from chlorophyll, content of leaves from total carbohydrates) which were (26.58 cm, 2.6 mm, 126.7 seedling leaf-1, 50.79%, 1804.03 cm2 seedling-1, 11.13 mg g-1 fresh weight, and 12.95%) respectively.

Enhanced Phytoremediation of Heavy Metals By Soil-applied Organic And Inorganic Amendments: Heavy Metal Phytoavailability, Accumulation, And Metal Recovery

ABSTRACT Phytoremediation, an eco-friendly and cost-effective technique for remediating heavy metal-contaminated soils, can be significantly enhanced through the application of soil amendments. This study investigates the impact of Foliar spraying of both organic (fulvic acid, auxin, Compost, and coconut coir) and inorganic (sulfur) amendments on the phytoavailability, accumulation, and recovery of heavy metals: Arsenic-As, Mercury-Hg, Cadmium-Cd and Lead-Pb in contaminated soils. Field experiment was conducted using hyperaccumulator plant species; T. capensis and H. psittacorum with varying amendment treatments to assess their effectiveness in improving phytoremediation outcomes. The results demonstrate that specific amendments significantly increase heavy metal uptake and translocation within plants by altering soil pH, cation exchange capacity, and microbial activity, thus enhancing metal solubility and bioavailability. Furthermore, the study evaluates the potential of these amendments to not only facilitate metal recovery but also to restore soil health and fertility. The findings underscore the potential of tailored amendment strategies in optimizing phytoremediation processes, offering a sustainable solution for heavy metal remediation in polluted environments.

Five-fold twin formation in face-centered cubic metals under impact loading

Five-fold twins (FFTs) are unique microstructural features in face-centered cubic (FCC) metals that significantly influence their mechanical strength. This study examines FFT formation in Cu, Au, and Ni under high-strain rate conditions induced by cold spray and compression shock impact loading, using atomistic simulations. We reveal a sequential twinning mechanism for FFT formation under impact loading, where the specific growth path varies, leading to inherently unstable FFTs that decompose post-formation. Interestingly, impact velocity had minimal influence, while elevated temperatures suppressed FFT formation, suggesting a dependency on the twinning mechanism. The stacking fault energy of the FCC metal greatly affected FFT propensity; metals with lower stacking fault energy (e.g., Au) readily formed FFTs, while those with higher stacking fault energy (e.g., Ni) encountered greater difficulty. These findings provide new insights into the behavior of FFTs under dynamic loading conditions, with implications for the design of high-strength nanocrystalline materials.

Optimization of spray drying process of buriti oil-loaded bilayer emulsions

Buriti oil is extracted from the fruits of a palm tree (Mauritia flexuosa L.) native to the Amazon rainforest, having one of the highest levels of β-carotene found in nature. The emulsification of buriti oil contributes to protecting the bioavailability of its bioactive compounds during processing. Drying oil-loaded emulsions is a way to produce microcapsules that have higher storage stability and expand the application possibilities of buriti oil. The objective of this work was to evaluate the impact of spray drying conditions on the microencapsulation of buriti oil, using response surface methodology. Bilayer emulsions were stabilized by whey protein isolate and high-methoxyl pectin and spray dried. The effects of inlet air temperature (154–196 °C) and feed flow rate (1.2–6.8 mL/min) on different properties of the microcapsules were evaluated. Higher air temperatures caused a positive effect on process yield but affected the color and encapsulation efficiency, while the increase in feed flow rate had a positive effect on the color of microcapsules. The higher drying rates negatively affected the microcapsules, resulting in larger and agglomerated particles, with the presence of holes in their surface. Surface models were obtained to predict color parameters of the microcapsules, which can be used as tools to quality control during processing. In general, the low drying rate resulted in microcapsules with suitable characteristics to ensure oil protection. The optimized spray drying process allows the production of buriti oil microcapsules with potential for application as natural pigments in the food industry.

Agronomic Biofortification Increases Concentrations of Zinc and Storage Proteins in Cowpea Grains

Zinc (Zn) is crucial for both plant metabolism and human nutrition, with its deficiency being a global health concern. Strategies to increase its availability in food, such as agronomic biofortification, have gained prominence. This study evaluated the impact of foliar spraying of Zn [at full bloom stage: 0 (control) and 600 g ha−1, as ZnSO4⋅7H2O] on the nutritional quality of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) grains. Field experiments involving 20 cowpea genotypes were carried out over two seasons in a Typic Quartzipsamment under a no-tillage system. The photosynthetic responses of cowpea plants and the concentrations of Zn, amino acids, sucrose, total sugars, and storage proteins (glutelin, albumin, prolamin, and globulin) in grains were analyzed. All genotypes showed enrichment of Zn in grains in response to ZnSO4⋅7H2O application compared to untreated plants. Foliar spraying of ZnSO4⋅7H2O during initial grain filling was ideal for increasing Zn concentration in grains and improving plant physiological processes. Additionally, Zn fertilization led to higher concentrations of storage and total amino acids and proteins in the grains, supporting the rational application of Zn in cowpea production to improve the nutritional quality of grains and increase plant productivity.

Heat and mass transfer mechanistic investigation of wall intervention on spray ignition characteristics under aviation piston engine-like conditions

The interaction between spray and walls significantly influences the mixture formation and ignition characteristics in aviation piston engines, primarily due to the dynamics of heat and mass transfer. To elucidate the wall’s influence on the impingement spray ignition process and reconcile discrepancies in the extant literature, we conducted a comprehensive suite of optical experiments encompassing free and impinging sprays with wide ambient temperature conditions (680 to 1200 K). Numerical simulations were utilized to dissect the flow field’s distribution patterns, as well as heat and mass transfer dynamics. Our investigation reveals that impinging sprays exhibit markedly shorter ignition delay times than free sprays under comparable conditions, with this divergence becoming more pronounced at lower ambient temperatures. Notably, impingement sprays are capable of auto-ignition at reduced ambient temperatures. The spray-wall interaction effect accelerates the accumulation of heat from the low-temperature reaction, facilitating swifter attainment of the threshold temperature for the high-temperature reaction. This is attributable to the generation of a higher quantity of high-temperature mixtures with a diminished local equivalence ratio. The disparity in the ignition delay times between impinging and free sprays is exacerbated by the elevated heat demand for the transition from low-temperature reaction to high-temperature reaction at lower ambient temperature conditions, predominantly driven by the exothermic nature of low-temperature reaction.

Impact of Foliar Spray with Some Nutrients as Nano-Particles on Growth, Yield, Enzymatical and Anatomical Changes of Cauliflower

Impact of Foliar Spray with Some Nutrients as Nano-Particles on Growth, Yield, Enzymatical and Anatomical Changes of Cauliflower

Exploring pest, disease, and weed dynamics in cotton cultivation & assessing the field efficacy of biopesticides and the impact of food spray on beneficial insects in Dhule and Nandurbar districts, Maharashtra

Exploring pest, disease, and weed dynamics in cotton cultivation & assessing the field efficacy of biopesticides and the impact of food spray on beneficial insects in Dhule and Nandurbar districts, Maharashtra

A real-world study examining the impact of esketamine nasal spray in people living with major depressive disorder in Australia and New Zealand

IntroductionEsketamine has been approved in Australia and New Zealand as a third-line antidepressant treatment for treatment resistant depression. This study describes changes in quality of life, depressive symptoms and productivity in participants treated with esketamine in real-world settings. MethodsParticipants were recruited from an esketamine early access program and had not responded to two or more different antidepressants and not received neurostimulation for their current depressive episode. Participants received esketamine for 16 weeks or longer. Data collected included Assessment of Quality-of-Life scale (AQoL-8D), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) and Work Productivity Activity Index (WPAI). ResultsParticipants (n = 105) had a mean age of 38.7 years (standard deviation (SD) = 14.6) and were predominantly female (59.0%). The mean duration of major depressive disorder was 7.2 years (SD = 4.2) and almost half of participants had been treated with 3–5 prior therapies. After 16-weeks on esketamine, participants showed improvement of greater than 10% across all dimensions of AQoL-8D, HAM-D scores decreased 8.0 points, and activity impairment decreased 20.4% as measured by WPAI. LimitationsThis was a non-randomized and unblinded study and may have selection and reporting bias. The population was not necessarily representative of the broader Australian and New Zealand population. It is not possible to determine if the results will be sustained or changed if participants received treatment for longer. ConclusionsEsketamine early access program participants, who were a real-world cohort with extensive prior treatment, showed clinically significant improvements in quality of life, depression severity and productivity after 16-weeks on treatment.

Analysis of Avgas Fuel Spraying Schemes Using the ANSYS Application Approach

Avgas fuel consumption on Cessna trainer aircraft is very high. However, there has been little research regarding spray impacts in Cessna aircraft engines. The phenomenon of avgas spray colliding with the cylinder wall may occur during fuel injection, resulting in a changed spray radius and height, which will affect the mixing of fuel and air. In several aspects, this affects engine performance and exhaust emissions on Cessna aircraft. This research aims to determine and study the phenomenon of spray impact on avgas-fueled aircraft engines. The fuel spray in the study occurred in the combustion chamber using pressure from a fuel hand pump whose pressure was supplied from a compressor with a pressure adjusted to the original pressure on the aircraft, namely 2 Bar (30 Psi). The experiments in this research used a high-speed camera system to study the phenomenon of avgas spray on walls to get better spray distribution. The results of this research were processed using the CFD application. The result of this research is that the greater the pressure, the more concentrated the resulting jet will be on the jet wall so that the atomization of the fuel jet will be dispersed. When the burst occurs, a change of 3.80e+00 occurs compared to other burst pressures.

Enhancement of the precooling system performance for aviation engines by volatile liquid injection

Water injection precooling in aviation engines is a promising technique that can enhance performance, improve efficiency, and reduce emissions, especially at high altitudes and Mach numbers. However, its implementation in aviation engines requires careful engineering and design considerations due to the restricted space available for installation and operation, as well as the challenges posed by high inlet air velocities. Therefore, the present study experimentally and numerically evaluates the effectiveness of spray precooling for jet engines and introduces novel insights into optimizing droplet dynamics and nozzle configurations in short, narrow spray ducts under high inlet air temperature and velocity. The impact of water spray cooling on the uniformity of inlet air is also investigated for nonuniform air temperature conditions, which has yet to be mentioned in previous research. An experimental configuration has been devised and implemented to investigate water injection precooling within a rectangular spray duct. The evaporative cooling process through the spray duct and the injected droplet trajectories were predicted using an Eulerian-Lagrangian computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model. The CFD model was verified using the present experiments, and there is a strong correlation between the experimental data and simulation findings, with an average discrepancy of less than 7%. The effectiveness of the water injection system is investigated at different operating parameters such as nozzle arrangements, coolant type, droplet size, and variable velocities. The results showed that sprays characterized by small mean diameters and high initial droplet velocity significantly enhance spray cooling performance. Changing the nozzle configurations impacts spray cooling performance considerably, with the cross-outside case providing the best results. Notwithstanding its advantageous evaporation rate, introducing methanol via injection does not yield significant enhancements. Water injection is crucial in achieving a more homogeneous temperature distribution by reducing temperature disparities and promoting mixing and evaporation.

Multi-scale analysis of microstructural evolution and atomic bonding mechanisms in CoCrFeMnNi high-entropy alloys upon cold spray impact

Large interfacial strains in particles are crucial for promoting bonding in cold spraying (CS), initiated either by adiabatic shear instability (ASI) due to softening prevailing over strain hardening or by hydrostatic plasticity, which is claimed to promote bonding even without ASI. A thorough microstructural analysis is vital to fully understand the bonding mechanisms at play during microparticle impacts and throughout the CS process. In this study, the HEA CoCrFeMnNi, known for its relatively high strain hardening and resistance to softening, was selected to investigate the microstructure characteristics and bonding mechanisms in CS. This study used characterization techniques covering a range of length scales, including electron channeling contrast imaging (ECCI), electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), and high-resolution transmission microscopy (HR-TEM), to explore the microstructure characteristics of bonding and overall structure development of CoCrFeMnNi microparticles after impact in CS. HR-TEM lamellae were prepared using focused ion beam milling. Additionally, the effects of deformation field variables on microstructure development were determined through finite element modeling (FEM) of microparticle impacts. The ECCI, EBSD, and HR-TEM analyses revealed an interplay between dislocation-driven processes and twinning, leading to the development of four distinct deformation microstructures. Significant grain refinement occurs at the interface through continuous dynamic recrystallization (CDRX) due to high strain and temperature rise from adiabatic deformation, signs of softening, and ASI. Near the interface, a necklace-like structure of refined grains forms around grain boundaries, along with elongated grains, resulting from the coexistence of dynamic recovery and discontinuous dynamic recrystallization (DDRX) due to lower temperature rise and strain. Towards the particle or substrate interior, concurrent twinning and dislocation-mediated mechanisms refine the structure, forming straight, curved, and intersected twins. At the top of the particles, only deformed grains with a low dislocation density are observed. Our results showed that DRX induces microstructure softening in highly strained interface areas, facilitating atomic bonding in CoCrFeMnNi. HR-TEM investigation confirms the formation of atomic bonds between particles and substrate, with a gradual change in crystal lattice orientation from the particle to the substrate and the occurrence of some misfit dislocations and vacancies at the interface. Finally, the findings of this research suggest that softening and ASI, even in materials resistant to softening, are required to establish bonding in CS.

Effects of foliar selenium, biochar, and pig manure on cadmium accumulation in rice grains and assessment of health risk

Addressing cadmium (Cd) contamination in agricultural lands is crucial, given its health implications and accumulation in crops. This study used pot experiments to evaluate the impact of foliar selenium spray (Se) (0.40 mM), corn straw biochar (1%), and pig manure (1%) on the growth of rice plants, the accumulation of Cd in rice grain, and to examine their influence on health risk indices associated with Cd exposure. The treatments were designated as follows: a control group without any amendment (CK), biochar (T1), pig manure (T2), Se (T3), Se and biochar (T4), Se and pig manure (T5), and Se along with biochar and pig manure (T6). Our results indicated that the treatments affected soil pH and redox potential and improved growth and the nitrogen and phosphorus content in rice plants. The soil-plant analysis development (SPAD) meter readings of leaves during the tillering stage indicated a 5.27%–15.86% increase in treatments T2 to T6 compared to CK. The flag leaves of T2 exhibited increases of 12.06%–38.94% for electrolyte leakage and an 82.61%–91.60% decline in SOD compared to treatments T3 to T6. Treatments T1 to T6 increased protein content; however, amylose content was significantly reduced in T6. Treatment T6 recorded the lowest Cd concentration in rice grains (0.018 mg/kg), while T2 recorded the highest (0.051 mg/kg). The CK treatment group showed a grain Cd content reduction of 29.30% compared to T2. The assessment of acceptable daily intake, hazard quotient, and carcinogenic risk revealed an ascending order as follows: T6 < T3 < T5 < T4 < T1 < CK < T2. In conclusion, the application of treatment T6 demonstrates the potential to lower oxidative stress, enhance production, reduce cancer risk, and ensure the safe cultivation of rice in environments affected by Cd contamination.

Impact of sea spray‐mediated heat fluxes on polar low development

AbstractSea spray, originating from wave breaking under high wind conditions, can significantly affect turbulent heat fluxes at the air–sea interface. Even though polar lows (PLs) can become extreme weather features with gale‐force wind, the impact of sea spray on their development has rarely been investigated and is not considered in operational forecast models. In this study, the impact of sea spray on the development of two PLs over the Barents Sea is studied based on sensitivity experiments with an atmosphere–wave coupled model, where the spray‐mediated heat fluxes are parameterized. The results show that the impact of sea‐spray‐mediated heat fluxes on PL development is sensitive to the surface wind speed. In the case of the stronger PL, the higher surface wind speed results in significantly higher spray‐mediated heat fluxes. Consequently, these spray‐mediated heat fluxes intensify the convection and diabatic heating of the PL, resulting in its intensification. In comparison, the case with a weaker PL experiences less sea spray production and lower spray‐mediated heat fluxes due to its weaker surface wind speeds. Overall, we find that spray‐mediated sensible heat fluxes play an important role in the development of PLs, while the latent heat fluxes induced by sea spray have a relatively minor impact.

Impact of spray drying operating conditions on yield, secondary metabolites, antioxidant potential and storage quality of grape (Vitis vinifera L.) pomace powder

In the present investigation, spray drying independent operating conditions such as the inlet air temperature (A-IAT 130, 150 and 170 °C), outlet air temperature (B-OAT 60, 70 and 80 °C), needle speed (C-NS 3S, 4S, 5S), maltodextrin concentration (D-MD 10, 15, 20 %), pump speed (E-PS 5, 10, 15 mL/min) and water/grape pomace ratio (F-W/GP ratio 10, 15, 20) were optimized to develop the spray-dried grape pomace powder (SDGPP) with maximum yield. The impact of these conditions on total phenolic contents (TPC), total flavonoid contents (TFC), and antioxidant activity (DPPH· values) of SDGPP samples were analyzed. The independent spray drying factors (IAT, OAT, NS, MD, PS, and W/GP ratio) impart a strong direct effect (p ≤ 0.05) on powder yield, TPC, TFC, and DPPH· values. The interaction effects (A × B, A × C, A × D, A × E, A × F, B × C, B × D, B × E, B × F, C × D, C × E, C × F, D × E, D × F, and E × F) of independent variables were noted non-significant (p ≥ 0.05) for response values. After validation of the model and verification of results, the independents' variables were found in the range of 170 °C (IAT), 80 °C (OAT), 4S (NS), 15 % (MD), 10 mL/min (PS) and 15 (W/GP ratio) for yield (64.7 ± 1.18 %), TPC (7.66 ± 0.53 mg GAE/g), TFC (3.19 ± 0.30 mg CE/g) and DPPH· 140.3 ± 1.59 (100 µL/mL), respectively. The decrease in TPC, TFC, and DPPH· values of SDGPP samples was noted during 60 days of storage at 25 ± 2 °C and 65 ± 5 % RH (p ≤ 0.05) but not greater than unprocessed samples. It could be concluded that the protection of phenolic contents and retention of antioxidant activity of dried powders can be achieved at optimized spray drying conditions for discerning food and byproduct processing industries.

An optical investigation on macro spray characteristics of convergent-divergent ducted fuel injection under high ambient pressures

The fuel-air mixing process can be improved via straight (ST) ducted fuel injection along with the risk of greater heat transfer loss due to prolonged spray tip penetration (STP) and spray impingement. We proposed the convergent-divergent (CD) duct spray in this study to produce acceptable STP and wider spray cone angle (SCA) for improving engine efficiency. STP and SCA are closely related to ambient pressure. This paper aims to explore the influence of ambient pressure on the macro spray characteristics of CD duct spray for better fuel-air mixing with the analysis of spray air entrainment (SAE). The Schlieren system was used to record the spray morphology of different duct sprays under ambient pressures of 20, 30, 40, and 50 bar. The results showed that compared with free spray, with the increase of ambient pressure, the application of CD duct can more effectively improve the SCA increase rate of free spray. With the ambient pressure changes from 20 to 50 bar, the SCA increase rate is up to 20.17% for free spray, and the SCA increase rate increased more than three times to 76.96% with ST3 duct and more than eight times to 173.06% with CD 4.5 duct compared with free spray respectively. The SAE of CD3 and ST3 duct sprays is higher than that of other sprays. CD4.5 and CD6 duct sprays reduce the probability of spray-wall impingement but along with a certain reduced amount of SAE.

Growth Attributes of Maize (Zea Mays L) Crop and Nutrient Uptake as impacted by Sulphur and Micronutrients Application

Maize, also known as the "queen of cereals," is a highly nutritious crop that requires a significant amount of nutrients to grow. It is particularly sensitive to deficiency of sulphur. It plays a significant role in the synthesis of chlorophyll, oil, and protein. A field experiment was conducted at Rashtriya Chemicals and Fertilizers Limited in Mumbai, Maharashtra, during the Kharif season 2023, to assess the impact of elemental sulphur application and foliar spray of multi micronutrient on maize plant growth and uptake of nutrients by maize as well as the post-harvest status of soil. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with five treatments that were replicated six times each. T1 is the absolute control, T2 is 100% RDF, T3 is the RDF NPK with 45 kg/ha of elemental S, T4 is the RDF NPK with 45 kg/ha coupled with foliar spray of multi micronutrient, and T5 is the RDF NPK with foliar spray of multi micronutrient. The results indicated that application of 45 kg of S per hectare, in combination with a foliar spray of multi micronutrients, resulted in remarkable growth parameters of maize crops. These included plant height, cob height, yield (in kg/ha), dry weight per plant and also the uptake of essential nutrients. This was markedly higher when compared to the other treatments. Except 100 grain weight which was at par with other treatments. While girth of cob and protein content were found non-significant. The study reports suggest that the combined use of S and multimicronutrient in maize crop positively impact the uptake of nutrients and growth attributes.

Preliminary Tests of Tomato Plant Protection Method with Ozone Gas Fumigation Supported with Hydrogen Peroxide Solution and Its Effect on Some Fruit Parameters

The aim of this research was to determine the impact of hydrogen peroxide spraying and ozone gas fumigation during the growing season of tomato plants grown under cover on the mechanical and chemical parameters of fruit harvested from these plants. Tomato plants were grown under cover in accordance with the principles of good agricultural practice in the soil and climatic conditions of southeastern Poland. During the growing season, tomato fruits were collected for testing in order to determine the impact of the applied variable factors on the modification of selected metabolic pathways of bioactive compounds. As part of the tests on the chemical properties of the fruits, the content of ascorbic acid, the total content of polyphenols, and the antioxidant potential were determined. Additionally, the influence of the tested variable factors on the mechanical properties of tomato fruits was determined. In the case of the total polyphenol content, the most beneficial effects were observed for fruits collected from plants treated with ozonation at a dose of 2 ppm for 3 min and spraying the plants with 1% hydrogen peroxide. The highest antioxidant potential was recorded for fruits of the variants ozonated with doses of 2 ppm for 1 min, 2 ppm for 1.5 min, and 2 ppm for 3 min compared to the remaining variants and controls. In turn, the vitamin C content increased significantly in the tested fruits after the ozonation of plants with a dose of 2 ppm for 1 min and ozonation with a dose of 2 ppm for 3 min combined with spraying plants with 3% hydrogen peroxide. In the case of the mechanical properties of tomato fruits, only the ozonation dose of 2 ppm for 3 min significantly improved them.

Analysis of parameters for spray-local exhaust ventilation (SLEV) to minimize high-temperature smoke pollutants and reduce energy consumption

Industrial buildings often face limitations in placing local exhaust ventilation (LEV) near pollution sources, which can lead to ineffective control of high-temperature smoke. This study explores the integration of spray with local exhaust ventilation (SLEV) as a solution for smoke control and energy savings. The research identified a design law for spray parameters and developed a formula to calculate SLEV ventilation flow rate that considers the impact of spray. Results indicate that the spray field overlapping coefficient plays a key role in characterizing the position and spacing of multi-nozzles. As the spray field overlapping coefficient increases, the spray dust reduction performance indicator linearly increases, while the capture efficiency follows a pattern that aligns with the Boltzmann curve model. The optimal range for the spray field overlapping coefficient to achieve high efficiency in SLEV is between 0.45 and 0.55. The formula for ventilation flow rate calculation is applicable to common conditions with smoke velocities ranging from 4 to 12 m/s (Ar: 0.0149–0.1339). SLEVs demonstrate a 35.22 % improvement in dust removal efficiency and over 20 % energy savings compared to LEVs, contributing to the development of high-efficiency, energy-saving systems for sustainable industrial production.

Durable bionic honeycomb slippery liquid-infused porous surfaces with anti-icing and water-collecting properties

The slippery liquid-infused porous surfaces with nanostructures have emerged as a high-performance multifunctional surface with super-liquid repellency, low contact angle hysteresis and self-healing. However, the amount of lubricant captured by the nanostructures is extremely low, and such oil-filled functional surfaces are susceptible to lubricant loss depletion. In this research, we developed a honeycomb-inspired multidimensional lubricant-infused surface that has a good ability to lock in lubricant while providing excellent mechanical durability. The honeycomb-shaped hexagonal micropores store lubricant to stabilize the smooth oil layer, while the pine-needle shaped nano-needles in the pores retain the lubricant in the pores, making it more difficult to lose the lubricant and increasing durability. Compared to conventional nanostructured slippery liquid-infused porous surfaces, this surface ensures excellent long-term lubrication performance under extreme conditions such as cooling, high shear and water spray impact. Meanwhile the honeycomb mesh lubricant injected into the surface is able to rapidly coalesce and remove water droplets during condensation due to the presence of coarsening effect, and it also retards the formation of ice. This structure provides a new idea for anti-icing and water collection research