Imperfect Form Research Articles

Of Mothers and Monsters: Transformative Justice and the Politics of Intergenerational Healing

Abstract: Blending personal narrative and ethnographic interviews with Asian American transformative justice practitioners, this piece of creative nonfiction brings an abolitionist perspective to bear onto recurrent debates concerning the a/political content of Asian American intergenerational conflict. Asian Americanists have rigorously outlined the political and historical foundations of intergenerational harm. Yet discussions about how we are to heal from that harm often remain at the level of the interpersonal, obscuring connections between our approaches to domestic conflict and broader political commitments. Building on erin Ninh’s (2011) argument that focusing on the Asian American familial drama is not an apolitical or ahistoric distraction from, but rather central to articulating an Asian American cultural materialist critique, I demonstrate how transformative justice approaches to intergenerational harm are central to efforts to move towards a horizon that is at once Asian American, feminist, and abolitionist. I do this by first interrogating the simultaneous irresistibility and insufficiency of dominant discourses about how children are to heal from parental abuse—discourses that prioritize clean breaks through mechanisms like reporting, leaving, changing, or inventing palatable narratives about abusers. I contrast these narratives with transformative justice approaches that delicately challenge structural forces motivating harm, while allowing survivors to claim anger and pursue diffuse, multiscalar, and imperfect forms of justice-seeking. While I ultimately argue that intergenerational healing must extend beyond the interpersonal, I demonstrate how experiments in healing within the familial realm are both reflective and generative of abolitionist efforts to bring into being worlds structured by transformation rather than disposability.

Proper performance of duties that ensure the adversarial nature of criminal proceedings in Russia

The subject of the research is the mechanism for the execution of criminal procedural duties that ensure the implementation of adversarial in Russian criminal proceedings.The subject of the research is the mechanism for the execution of criminal procedural duties that ensure the implementation of adversarial in Russian criminal proceedings. The purpose of the research is to justify the existence of the problem of organizational-legal support for the proper fulfillment of the duties assigned to participants in the criminal process and to determine the main ways of solving. The hypothesis of the research is the thesis that the combination of legal, organizational, and other means existing in criminal procedure legislation does not guarantee the proper fulfillment of the duties imposed by the legislator on the participants in adversarial criminal proceedings.of the research is to justify the existence of the problem of organizational-legal support for the proper fulfillment of the duties assigned to participants in the criminal process and to determine the main ways of solving. The hypothesis of the research is the thesis that the combination of legal, organizational, and other means existing in criminal procedure legislation does not guarantee the proper fulfillment of the duties imposed by the legislator on the participants in adversarial criminal proceedings.The methodology. General scientific dialectical methods made it possible to study the conditions and the process of evolution of legal duties, to reveal their essence in the field of criminal proceedings. The system-structural method and the situational modeling method were used when studying the intra-system relationships of elements of the mechanism for the execution of criminal procedural duties and the system of means that ensure its implementation. The study of regulatory legal requirements was carried out using the formal legal method.The main results, scope of application. The article examines the problem of organizationallegal support for the proper performance of the duties assigned to participants in the criminal process, guaranteeing the proper implementation of adversarial in criminal proceedings. The general concept of duty is given, and the definition of criminal procedure is formulated. The nature of the duties is revealed and their classification is proposed. The fundamental legal significance of the category "Adversarial" as a principle of criminal procedure is identified and the significance of criminal procedural duties as the main security means of the specified procedural category is justified. The provisions of the current criminal procedure legislation in Russia are critically analyzed from the point of view of the presence or absence of legal and organizational means in them that ensure the creation of the conditions necessary for the emergence of a real possibility of proper performance of duties by participants in the criminal process. It is established that the organizational and legal resources required to effectively ensure the proper performance of criminal procedural duties are insufficient. A problematic situation in criminal proceedings is revealed in the form of imperfection of the means intended to achieve his appointment in the context of the implementation of the adversarial legal regime. The views of scientists on the issues studied in the article are studied, analyzed and evaluated.Conclusions. The essence of the scientific problem of research is formulated and proposals are put forward aimed at improving the criminal procedure regulation of the proper behavior of legally liable participants in the criminal process in order to increase the effectiveness of ensuring the implementation of adversarial in criminal proceedings in Russia.

Ana dil Türkçe konuşanların ikinci dil Rusçada görünüş bilgisini edinimi

This study examines the acquisition of functional morphology which overtly marks lexical aspect in Russian by adult second language (L2) learners of Turkish. Russian and Turkish are different in the ways they mark both grammatical and lexical aspects. In Russian, both grammatical and lexical (telic) aspects are marked by overt verbal morphology. In Turkish, however, while the grammatical aspect of verbs is marked by inflectional morphemes, which also express tense and/or mood (Kornfilt, 1997), lexical aspect (telicity) is marked by quantized nominal arguments combined with dynamic verbs. We tested 16 L1 Turkish/L2 Russian learners and 16 L1 Russian speakers on a Semantic Entailment (SE) task with telicity and boundedness semantic features and a Truth-Value Judgment (TVJ) task involving sentences with perfective and imperfective forms including quantity and non-quantity internal argument themes. The results of the SE task indicated that L2 Russian speakers were not as successful as L1 Russian speakers in choosing the most logical entailment to perfective sentences rather than imperceptive sentences. The differences between the two groups were statistically significant. The results of the TVJ task also indicated that L2 Russian speakers were less successful than L1 Russian speakers in matching perfective and imperfective sentences with correct pictures. These findings support the claim that adult L2 speakers have difficulty with the acquisition of functional morphology, in particular aspectual morphology and its telicity feature.

The Effect of Transitivity, Futurity, and Aspectuality on the Translation of English Present Progressive into Arabic Verbal and Active Participle Counterparts

Arabic lacks a specific form for progressive tenses and instead uses the imperfective form ‘jafʕal’ to express habitual and progressive aspects. Arabic also uses an active participle form (AP) to express progressiveness. This paper addresses the effect of transitivity, futurity, and aspectuality on the translation of English present progressive (PP) into Arabic verbal and active participle counterparts. To investigate which of the two forms is used to translate English PP into Arabic, data were collected from 100 students who were studying an elective ‘translation’ course at Princess Sumaya University for Technology (PSUT). The researchers built a questionnaire of 38 English sentences each of which has two main translations: one that uses the imperfective form ‘ja-fʕal’ and another that has an (AP) form, mainly ‘fa:ʕil’ or ‘mu-fʕil’. The participants were asked to rate the acceptability of each sentence on a scale of 0-2. The findings reveal that transitivity and the future reading of the progressive verb affect the translatability of the progressive tenses as imperfective or (AP) form. Transitive verbs are more likely to be translated as imperfective verbs than transitive APs because (AP) does not have as strong verbal properties as lexical verbs. On the other hand, translocative verbs accept (AP) translations fairly enough to refer to future. The findings also reveal that the aspectuality of the verb affects its translation in one of the two main forms mentioned above. (AP) translations of English (PP) become more acceptable when the root of the verb indicates state-of-affair actions, achievements or accomplishments.

Rheological Characterization and Printability of Polylactide (PLA)-Alumina (Al2O3) Filaments for Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM)

This article presents the study of the rheological properties and the printability of produced ceramic-polymer filaments using fused deposition method (FDM) 3D printing technology. Powder mixtures with an alumina content of 50 to 70 vol.% were fabricated by a wet processing route. A series of rheological experiments of the obtained mixtures were conducted in the temperature range from 200 to 220 °C for the commercial polylactide (PLA) powder and from 200 to 240 °C for ceramic-polymer, which corresponds to the recommended temperatures for 3D printing of commercial PLA filaments. The composition with the maximum content of alumina leads to a powdery material in which the molten polymer is insufficient to measure the rheological properties. In spite of this, the filaments were prepared from all the obtained mixtures with a tabletop single-screw extruder, the diameter and surface profile of which were analyzed. As the ceramic content increased, the diameter and surface roughness of the filaments increased. Therefore, it was only possible to print an object from a filament with the lowest ceramic content. However, the print quality of the 3D printed objects from the fabricated ceramic-polymer filament is worse (imperfect form, defects between layers) compared to the commercial PLA filament. To eliminate such defects in the future, it is necessary to conduct additional research on the development of printing modes and possibly modify the software and components of the 3D printer.

Semantic Negation on Verbal Clauses with Verbs of Imminence in Saudi Arabic Varieties

Negation in languages is a phenomenon, which receives researchers' attention for a long period. Negation occurs on different type of clauses by which it shows to have morphological and syntactic changes over the structure of words, phrases and sentences. Verbs of imminenceare used sometimes to denote negation in verbal clauses in Arabic. ka:d is one of those verbs which carries the negation of the clause without using any negative particles. Saudi dialects use the verb baʁa to perform the same function. This paper discusses baʁa in verbal clauses illustrating its syntactic and semantic impact on the structure of the clauses. It requires the imperfective form of the verb to follow. Negating a clause, with the only negative particles ma: and/or la:, does not carry the negative sense because it is delivered through the use of baʁa. Thus, the negation of verbs of imminence does not require the presence of any negative particles. Otherwise, the positive meaning is delivered.

Stochastic modeling of geometric imperfections for buckling analysis of suction buckets

Recently, suction buckets have become a very prominent foundation for bottom fixed and floating offshore wind turbines. They are embedded with an installation force that stems from water evacuation inside the bucket. This internal negative pressure leads to a high risk of structural buckling. The buckling strength is significantly reduced by geometric imperfections. In previous work, equivalent geometric imperfection forms were introduced and the lower bound was evaluated. However, it has not yet been possible to identify a generally appropriate imperfection form. A probabilistic design approach based on realistic imperfections was not yet considered for suction buckets. Therefore, in this work, a stochastic modeling approach is introduced, which bases on measured data. The imperfection is decomposed to the half-wave cosine Fourier representation. Realizations of the imperfection pattern are generated by filtering white noise with the amplitude spectrum. They are then applied as out of plane deviations on a geometrically and materially nonlinear finite element model and evaluated. The resulting buckling pressure distribution can then be evaluated for different reliability levels. By considering more realistic imperfections and a plastic soil model, the buckling pressure increases by up to a factor of two compared to the conservative stress-based buckling approach.

On the applicability of Southwell’s method to the determination of the critical force of elastic columns of variable cross sections

Brilliant in its simplicity, Southwell’s method of experimentally determining the critical force on the basis of the so-called Southwell diagram has been of interest to structural stability specialists since its presentation in 1932. In its original version, the correctness of the Southwell method was proved for compressed bars with a constant cross section and showing the loss of stability only within the elastic range while maintaining the constant value of Young's modulus. In numerous works on the method, proposals for its modification have emerged ensuring the extension of the scope of applications with problems other than the classic buckling of a compressed bar. There has also been an attempt to justify the correctness of Southwell’s method in the case of a bar with a variable cross section. This paper presents a strict solution of the differential equation of bar stability with a parabolic variable moment of inertia of the cross section and a parabolic form of initial geometric imperfections. The solution arrived at with the use of the Mathematica™ system was the basis for constructing the Southwell diagram and justifying the correctness of the method for this particular case of a bar. To confirm the correctness of Southwell’s method also the numerical approach exploiting FEM was adopted. Two different cases of column’s shape variabilities and different boundary conditions were considered.

Формы времени глагола как средства выражения одновременности в английском и русском языках

The paper analyses the functioning of verb forms as means of expressing the semantics of simultaneity in English and Russian. The aim of the paper is to identify allomorphic and isomorphic features of the functioning of tense forms as morphological means of simultaneity expression. The study is novel in that it identifies correlative forms in both languages and at the same time considers variability of the meanings of simultaneity that they represent. Isomorphism is manifested in the fact that the conjunction “while” / «пока» explicating the meaning of simultaneity in polypredicative complexes - compound sentences is used in both languages. Allomorphism is found in the fact that the potential of expression by tense forms is much higher in the Russian language compared to English. The coincidence of imperfect forms and the present tense forms of predicates leads to actualisation of the meaning of complete, unlimited simultaneity, while the use of different tense forms leads to the realisation of partial simultaneity.

Numerical Homogenization of Single-Walled Corrugated Board with Imperfections

Numerical homogenization is an excellent tool for the quick simplification of complex structures with a model that is much simpler and, at the same time, accurately reflects the mechanical behavior of the original model. Corrugated cardboard modeling, with all geometrical nuances preserved, is a complicated and time-consuming process. The transfer of a full 3D model of corrugated board composed of two flat layers and a corrugated middle layer to one layer only, with substitute elastic parameters, greatly simplifies this process. Because the individual layers of corrugated cardboard are made of paper with a grammage in the range of 80–200 g/m2, i.e., very thin plates, they are slightly buckled even in the initial configuration. These imperfections affect the equivalent parameters that are obtained in the homogenization process. This paper presents an approach of taking into account these imperfections when creating a simplified model. The numerical homogenization method based on the equivalence of elastic energy between a representative volumetric element (i.e., a part of a full 3D model) and an equivalent plate were applied. Different shapes of imperfections were analyzed in order to account for the buckling modes, notably for a specific unit deformation and curvature. Finally, one form of initial imperfections was proposed, which most accurately reflects the decrease in all plate stiffnesses.

Determinants of livelihood diversification in rural rain-fed region of Pakistan: evidence from fractional multinomial logit (FMLOGIT) estimation

Sustainable livelihoods in less developed countries are threatened by human, natural, physical, social and financial factors. Pakistan is also facing severe negative impacts of these factors in the form of climate shocks, market imperfections and insufficient formal credit availability on rural livelihoods. This study explores rural Pakistani’s adaptation to these threats by diversifying income sources and explores the determining factors for adopting specific livelihood diversification strategies. The study is based on a quantitative survey of 295 households in three districts of rain-fed rural regions of Pakistan’s Punjab with differing annual rainfall. Results showed that households mitigated against threats to their livelihood by having a diversity of income sources (Simpson Diversity Index = 0.61). Moreover, fractional multinomial regression modelling revealed that greater education was associated with a more diversified livelihood strategy, where income was predominantly derived from off-farm and non-farm livelihood activities. On the other hand, households with older members, more livestock and larger farm size focused their livelihoods on their own farms, or primarily diversified into an off-farm strategy by working on other farms. These findings underscore the importance of improved access to education and infrastructure for livelihood diversification. A policy that focuses on reducing low literacy rates in rural Pakistan may also provide new avenues of livelihood diversifications with enhancement of rural literacy rate to mitigate the risks associated with livelihood strategies of smallholders.

Imperfection Sensitivity of Large Cylindrical Shells Under Vacuum Considering Different Geometric Ratios

AbstractThe prediction of the buckling resistance of shells is subject to uncertainty since it depends significantly on the initial geometric imperfections caused by the fabrication process. However, the load case of vacuum or uniform external pressure has not yet been extensively studied. Stress design approaches implement a reduction factor alpha that accounts for the effect of imperfections. This factor is assumed to be a general lower bound but does not account for different geometric ratios. However, it is to be expected that different imperfection sensitivities prevail for different cylinder lengths or length to thickness ratios. To better understand this aspect, a comprehensive numerical study of buckling resistances of imperfect cylindrical shells is conducted, which covers a range of different length, radius and thickness ratios with focus on thicker and shorter cylinders. Within this study, three different geometric imperfection forms are investigated: linear bifurcation eigenmodes, and ovalisation and weld depressions, which represent typical imperfections of manufacturing processes. Further, a formulation for longitudinal weld depressions is introduced, since this direction of the imperfection is more deleterious than axisymmetric circumferential weld depressions. The results of this comprehensive study contribute to understanding the effect of different imperfection forms and amplitudes on different cylinder dimensions.

«Поэзия грамматики» в стихотворении О. Седаковой «Алатырь»

It is known that grammar is a link between the meanings of lexical and figurative-symbolic. The article proposes one of the possible options for interpreting O. Sedakova’s poem “Alatyr”, based mainly on his poetic grammar. Attention is focused on the change of temporal plans, infinitive series and the subject sphere of the poem. It has been shown that grammatical semantics, reinforced by lexical indicators, helps the poet to more accurately and deeply reveal the symbolic image of Alatyr through the image of the “cross of time” connecting the past with the future, to come to sleep, life with death, the beginning with the end. Infinitive series at the end of the poem, mainly consisting of verbs of imperfect form, allow Sedakova to express, at the grammatical level, a contemplation of real-irreal reality as sleep-death and make the implicitly presented modal plan of the poem more ambiguous. An open subjective position in infiinitives (ambiguous implied dative) makes it possible to interpret the filling of the subject sphere in different ways, to perceive it both as external (belonging to the reader) and as internal (belonging to the lyrical hero). The subject sphere organized in this way becomes trans-subject, and the poetic discourse acquires the opportunity to be assigned to any speaker.

On the new classification of dermatophytes

According to the recent changes in the classification of the family Arthrodermataceae, it may already include 9 genera and 79 species. Dermatophytes associated with human and animal infections belong to the genera Trichophyton, Microsporum and Epidermophyton, whereas Arthroderma, Ctenomyces, Guarromyces, Lophophyton, Nannizzia and Paraphyton are mainly represented by geophilic species. Since morphological and physiological traits in fungi cannot provide reliable basis for classification, the modern system of dermatophytes was built on the basis of phylogenetic analysis of nucleotide sequences. The new dermatophyte classification employs the principle of one fungus, one name, according to which genetically similar perfect and imperfect forms belong to the same species.
 At the current state of genosystematics, the taxonomic identification of dermatophytes in most cases requires the use of molecular methods, in particular, DNA sequencing of the ITS region.
 In this review, we briefly outline the history of dermatophyte classification, summarize generic and species composition of the family and provide data on their ecology, accession numbers for reference sequences of ITS region, and references to major taxonomic publications.

Impact behavior of beam-column joint with geometric imperfections at weld root

This study numerically investigates dynamic response of welded beam-column joint with different weld imperfections at weld root. The imperfections at weld root, such as incomplete root penetration, shrinkage groove and root concavity, are considered in this study. The size and shape of these imperfections are determined in accordance with ISO 5817 code. Numerical model of welded beam-column joint with imperfections is developed and calibrated by the test results of welded beam-column joint without imperfection under impact load as well as the numerical results of butt-welded joint with grinding profile under static load. The factors of the imperfections, such as the distribution and length of imperfections and the weld quality levels are considered to investigate their effects on the damage mode, dynamic response, and energy dissipation of welded joints subjected to impact loads, as well as the post impact behavior of the joint. Parametric study is carried out to investigate the effect of impact velocity and impact mass on welded joint with different root imperfections. The effect of different weld imperfections on the energy dissipation of joint is also investigated. The most vulnerable form of root imperfection is identified by comparing the joints with different imperfections in terms of damage mode, dynamic response and energy dissipation.

ОСОБЕННОСТИ АСПЕКТУАЛЬНО-ТЕМПОРАЛЬНОГО ПОТЕНЦИАЛА ОСЕТИНСКИХ ГЛАГОЛОВ НАСТОЯЩЕГО ВРЕМЕНИ В СОПОСТАВЛЕНИИ С ИХ ВИДО-ВРЕМЕННЫМИ РУССКИМИ ЭКВИВАЛЕНТАМИ

The meanings of typicality, ordinaryness of action appear in the Ossetian verbs of the present tense as a combination of the potentials of the present irrelevant and imperfect form, and in Russian they are expressed by the forms of the imperfect form in the past tense too. The expresser of these meanings is the verb with the prefix фæ-, in Russian - the context or determinants of the corresponding semantics. Polytemporality of actions with actional shades of habituality and usality is indicated in the Ossetian grammatical category of multiplicity, and in Russian equivalents – by context, lexically, syntactically. The revealed discrepancies are interesting as a reflection of the universal and specific in the linguistic pictures of the world.

Differences between Russian and Czech in the Use of Aspect in Narrative Discourse and Factual Contexts

The aims of the paper are twofold. First, it provides a systematic qualitative corpus study into differences between Russian and Czech in the use of aspect in chains of single, episodic events, as well as in habitual contexts, which takes into account the role of verb class, aspectual affixes, discourse relations, and other factors contributing to the overall aspectual interpretation in a given sentence. The findings suggest that while Russian makes narrative progression and habituality visible already on the verb forms, by employing exclusively perfective and imperfective verb forms, respectively, Czech relies more heavily on the context itself and uses (im)perfective verb forms mostly to signal duration vs. change of state. The second part of the paper addresses differences in aspect use between the two languages in so-called general-factual contexts (presuppositional and existential). Against the background of the empirical findings of the corpus study, I argue against the received view that Czech makes use of imperfective verb forms to mark existential readings. The presuppositional reading of imperfective forms, which I assume to be related to the process/durative reading of imperfectives, is argued to exist in both languages.

Shell buckling simulations of suction buckets with stochastic and deterministic imperfection forms

Suction buckets are large shell structures that have become a prominent alternative to pile foundations for bottom-fixed and floating offshore wind turbines. They are embedded by applying negative pressure, which leads to a high risk of structural buckling during the installation. The prediction of the buckling strength of such large shells is subject to uncertainty, since it depends significantly on the initial geometric imperfections resulting from the fabrication process. The aim of this work is to understand and reduce uncertainties in the determination of the buckling pressure. Previous work on suction buckets revealed that the choice of a representative imperfection form and amplitude is very challenging and has not yet been solved in a generalized manner. In this work, a stochastic modeling approach is introduced, which considers more realistic imperfection patterns. This approach is compared to widely established imperfection forms such as buckling mode affine imperfections and analytically described weld depressions. The generated imperfection patterns are applied to geometrically and materially nonlinear finite element models and the buckling pressures are calculated. By quantifying the impact of different imperfection forms and amplitudes, uncertainties can be reduced, and design optimization and cost minimization are enabled.

Damage evaluation of a welded beam–column joint with surface imperfections subjected to impact loads

The weld imperfections often exist, which affect the loading capacity of the joint. The study of welded joints with surface imperfections subjected to impact loads is limited in open literature. In this study, the influence of weld surface imperfections on the performance of steel beam–column joint under impact loads is numerically investigated by using software ABAQUS. The common surface imperfections (i.e. sagging, incompletely filled groove and undercut) are considered. The damage mode, impact force and mid-span displacement of the beam–column joint with surface imperfections are obtained and compared with those of the joint without imperfection. Structural responses of the joint corresponding to various impact scenarios (i.e. different combinations of impact mass and velocity) are compared and analysed. A best-fit equation is presented to predict the maximum displacement of the joints under impact. The effects of imperfection forms and locations on the post-impact performance of the joint are also investigated, and its residual bearing capacity is compared. In addition, damage index based on the residual bearing capacity of the joint is proposed to evaluate the damage level of the joint subjected to impact. Four damage levels are defined based on the post-impact performance of the joint. The impact mass–velocity diagrams are generated to predict the damage level of the joints subjected to possible combinations of impact mass and velocity.

On the Hypothetical Source of Fake News: Apagogical Reasoning in the Interpretation of Q. CORNIFICIUS’ RHETORICA AD HERENNIUM

Q. Cornificius’ Rhetorica ad Herennium (CORN., II.25.39) sets forth arguments that are considered to be flawed by the Roman rhetorician, although theyresemble apagogical arguments. The article is devoted to the analysis of this passage from Rhetorica ad Herennium. The author shows that they can be considered either quasi-enthymematic reasoning or an imperfect form of apagogical reasoning, and maybe also abductive reasoning.This type of reasoning, according to the researcher, is one of the sources of fake news and an example of the so-called “bullshit”.