Impaired Fasting Glucose Subjects Research Articles

Hydrogen-Rich Water Ameliorates Metabolic Disorder via Modifying Gut Microbiota in Impaired Fasting Glucose Patients: A Randomized Controlled Study.

Molecular hydrogen (H2) exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects, and has shown benefits in glucose and lipid metabolism in certain animal metabolic disorder models. However, the potential benefits of H2 treatment in individuals with impaired fasting glucose (IFG) has seldom been studied. This randomized controlled study (RCT) aims to investigate the effects of hydrogen-rich water (HRW) on IFG subjects and explore the underlying mechanism involved. Seventy-three patients with IFG were enrolled in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study. These patients were assigned to receive either 1000 mL per day of HRW or placebo pure water (no H2 infusion) for a duration of eight weeks. Metabolic parameters and fecal gut microbiota were assessed at baseline (week 0) and at week 8. A combined analysis of metabolomics and intestinal microbiota was conducted to investigate the correlation between the effect of H2 on the metabolisms and the diversity of intestinal flora in the IGF patients. Both pure water and HRW demonstrated a significant reduction in fasting blood glucose in IFG patients, with a significant difference between pure water and HRW after eight weeks. Among IFG patients with abnormal pre-experimental fatty liver, 62.5% (10/16) in the HRW group and 31.6% (6/19) in the pure water group achieved remission. Furthermore, 16S RNA analysis revealed HRW-modified gut microbiota dysbiosis in the fecal samples of IGF patients. Through Pearson correlation analysis, the differential gut microbiota obtained by 16S analysis was found to be highly correlated with nine metabolites. H2 slightly improved metabolic abnormalities and gut microbiota dysbiosis, providing a novel target and theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of blood glucose regulation in patients with IFG.

Visfatin is negatively associated with coronary artery lesions in subjects with impaired fasting glucose.

It is not determined whether serum visfatin levels are related to the presence and severity of coronary artery disease (CAD) in non-diabetic subjects. In this study, a total of 65 consecutive non-diabetic participants who underwent coronary angiography were enrolled. Serum visfatin and fasting glucose, as well as the serum total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglyceride, were measured in all participants before the procedure. The extent of coronary artery lesions was determined by Gensini score. Serum visfatin levels were significantly lower in patients with CAD compared to participants with normal coronary arteries. Inversely, the circulating levels of fasting glucose were found to be elevated in patients with CAD compared with the control subjects. Multivariable logistic regression analysis demonstrated that visfatin and impaired fasting glucose (IFG) were independently associated with the presence of CAD in non-diabetics. No significant relationship was found between serum visfatin and fasting glucose levels in IFG subjects. However, there was a negative association between visfatin concentrations and Gensini score in participants with IFG. Both circulating visfatin concentrations and IFG are independently associated with CAD in non-diabetics. Serum visfatin levels are negatively related to the angiographic severity of CAD in subjects with IFG.

Effect of black vinegar intake on anthropometric measures, cardiometabolic profiles, and insulin sensitivity among impaired fasting glucose subjects

This open-label non-controlled study is to evaluate the effects of black vinegar intake for 8 weeks on the anthropometric measures, cardiometabolic profiles, and insulin sensitivity among impaired fasting glucose adults. 32 subjects (14 males and 18 females) were recruited with the mean age of 56.3 (from 25 to 65). Black vinegar 50 ml was diluted to 500 ml with drinking water and was given to all subjects for 8 weeks. At baseline and 8-week, all study subjects received 75 g of oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) after 10 h of fasting. Venous blood was collected at 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 min. Plasma glucose and insulin levels were measured using the glucose oxidase method and radioimmunoassay method. Anthropometric variables, blood pressure and blood lipid profiles were measured using standard methods. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare the difference between baseline and after eight weeks. After eight weeks, the body weight and BMI decreased from 68.2 ± 14.4 kg to 67.6 ± 14.2 kg and 26.3 ± 4.5 kg/m2 to 26.0 ± 4.4 kg/m2, respectively, with statistical significance (p < 0.05). Triglyceride level decreased from 152.5 ± 134.7 to 140.6 ± 93.8 mg/dl but without statistical significance. The blood glucose levels at 120 min of OGTT decreased from 178.8 ± 57.0 to 173.7 ± 57.5 mg/dl and the insulin levels at 120 min of OGTT increased from 117.5 ± 74.2 to 126.4 ± 95.9 IU/L but not statistically significant (p > 0.05). There is a slight decrease of body weight and BMI, but no significantly change in blood pressure, lipid profiles, and insulin sensitivity after eight weeks of black vinegar intake among impaired fasting glucose adults. However, further large-scale and longer studies are needed to explore the effects of black vinegar on cardiometabolic profiles and insulin sensitivity. Keywords: Black vinegar, anthropometric measures, lipid profiles, insulin sensitivity, impaired fasting glucose.

Increased Oxidative Stress Underlies Abnormal Pain Threshold in a Normoglycemic Japanese Population.

Normal-high HbA1c levels are a risk factor for attenuated pain sensation in normoglycemic subjects. It is unclear, however, what mechanisms underlie the pathogenesis of attenuated pain sensation in such a population. We, therefore, explored the relationship between oxidative stress (OS) and pain sensation in a rural Japanese population. A population-based study of 894 individuals (average age 53.8 ± 0.5 years) and 55 subjects with impaired fasting glucose (IFG) were enrolled in this study. Individuals with diabetes were excluded. Relationships between pain threshold induced by intraepidermal electrical stimulation (PINT) and clinico-hematological parameters associated with OS were evaluated. Univariate linear regression analyses revealed age, BMI, HbA1c, the OS biomarker urine 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), systolic blood pressure, and decreased Achilles tendon reflex on the PINT scores. Adjustments for age, gender, and multiple clinical measures confirmed a positive correlation between PINT scores and urine 8-OHdG (β = 0.09, p < 0.01). Urine 8-OHdG correlated positively with higher HbA1c levels and age in the normoglycemic population. Unlike in the normoglycemic population, both inflammation and OS were correlated with elevated PINT scores in IFG subjects. OS may be a major contributing factor to elevated PINT scores in a healthy Japanese population.

Fasting Glucose State Determines Metabolic Response to Supplementation with Insoluble Cereal Fibre: A Secondary Analysis of the Optimal Fibre Trial (OptiFiT).

Background: High intake of cereal fibre is associated with reduced risk for type 2 diabetes and long-term complications. Within the first long-term randomized controlled trial specifically targeting cereal fibre, the Optimal Fibre Trial (OptiFiT), intake of insoluble oat fibre was shown to significantly reduce glycaemia. Previous studies suggested that this effect might be limited to subjects with impaired fasting glucose (IFG). Aim: We stratified the OptiFiT cohort for normal and impaired fasting glucose (NFG, IFG) and conducted a secondary analysis comparing the effects of fibre supplementation between these subgroups. Methods: 180 Caucasian participants with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) were randomized to twice-a-day fibre or placebo supplementation for 2 years (n = 89 and 91, respectively), while assuring double-blinded intervention. Fasting blood sampling, oral glucose tolerance test and full anthropometry were assessed annually. At baseline, out of 136 subjects completing the first year of intervention, 72 (54%) showed IFG and IGT, while 64 subjects had IGT only (labelled “NFG”). Based on these two groups, we performed a stratified per-protocol analysis of glycometabolic and secondary effects during the first year of intervention. Results: The NFG group did not show significant differences between fibre and placebo group concerning anthropometric, glycometabolic, or other biochemical parameters. Within the IFG stratum, 2-h glucose, HbA1c, and gamma-glutamyl transferase levels decreased more in the fibre group, with a significant supplement x IFG interaction effect for HbA1c. Compared to NFG subjects, IFG subjects had larger benefits from fibre supplementation with respect to fasting glucose levels. Results were robust against adjustment for weight change and sex. An ITT analysis did not reveal any differences from the per-protocol analysis. Conclusions: Although stratification resulted in relatively small subgroups, we were able to pinpoint our previous findings from the entire cohort to the IFG subgroup. Cereal fibre can beneficially affect glycemic metabolism, with most pronounced or even isolated effectiveness in subjects with impaired fasting glucose.

Normal High HbA1c a Risk Factor for Abnormal Pain Threshold in the Japanese Population.

Purpose: Small fiber dysfunction is common in subjects with diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN). It is unsettled, however, whether marginal glucose intolerance is implicated in the onset and progression of small fiber dysfunction. Herein, we explored the relationship between glycated hemoglobin levels (HbA1c) and pain sensation in the Japanese population.Methods: A population-based study of 894 individuals (352 men, 542 women; average age 53.8 ± 0.5 years) and 55 subjects with impaired fasting glucose (IFG) in the 2017 Iwaki project were enrolled in this study. Individuals with diabetes were excluded. Relationships between pain threshold for intraepidermal electrical stimulation (P-IES) and parameters associated with metabolic syndrome were examined.Results: P-IES was elevated with increasing of age in women but not in men. Average P-IES (mA) was increased in IFG subjects (n = 55, 0.20 ± 0.03) compared with normoglycemic/non-IFG individuals (n = 894, 0.15 ± 0.01) (p < 0.01). It was comparable between IFG and a group of normal high HbA1c (5.9–6.4%). Univariate linear regression analyses showed no influence of sex, triglyceride, or cholesterol on the value of P-IES. In contrast, there were significant correlations between P-IES and serum HbA1c level (ß = 0.120, p < 0.001) Adjustments for the multiple clinical measurements confirmed positive correlation of P-IES with HbA1c (ß = 0.077, p = 0.046).Conclusion: Individuals with normal high HbA1c exhibited an elevated P-IES in a healthy Japanese population which may be useful for the screening of subclinical DPN.

Serum apelin-36 levels in pre-diabetics and newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus patients

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the levels of parameters for glucose metabolism and cardiovascular risk factors and apelin-36 in patients grouped as having impaired fasting glucose(IFG), IFG and impaired glucose tolerance(IGT), newly diagnosed type 2 DM and the control group.Materials and Methods: Fifty-three women and twenty-seven men, totally eighty subjects were enrolled in this study. The patients were classified into four groups according to their oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) results. Group1: Normoglycemic controls(n:20), Group2: subjects with IFG(n:20), Group3: combined IFG subjects which included both IFG and IGT patients(n:20), Group4: Newly diagnosed type 2 DM patients(n:20). Levels of glucose, lipids, HbA1c, fibrinogen, insulin, cortisol, serum apelin-36 and C-peptide were analyzed.Results: There was a statistically significant difference regarding the levels of apelin-36 between group 1 and the study groups 2, 3 and 4, respectively. Other parameters analyzed for glucose metabolism and cardiovascular risk factors such as fasting glucose, HbA1c, HOMA-IR, fibrinogen, insulin, cortisol, C-peptide, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, VLDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, total cholesterol were significantly higher in the study groups when compared to the control group.Conclusion: In the future serum apelin-36 levels can be used as an indicator for presenting the insulin resistance and impairment in glucose metabolism in the early periods.

Effect of Aerobic Exercise on Blood Glucose and CVD Risk in Glucose Metabolism Disorders People

It’s essential for glucose metabolism disorders people to monitor the change of blood glucose,heart rate(HR),systolic blood pressure(SBP) during and after exercise in order to prevent hypoglycemia and CVD risks. PURPOSE: To determine blood glucose after aerobic exercise in glucose metabolism disorders people, and to monitor recovery of HR and SBP. METHODS: By PAR-Q and OGTT, 58 subjects were divided into : normal glucose metabolism group(N,n=18), impaired fasting glucose(IFG) group(PD,n=20),and diabetes group(D,n=20).Everyone completed 30-minute cycle ergometer at 45%-55%HRR. According to assessment standard of HR recovery and abnormal standard of SBP increasing during exercise, the CVD risk was judged. All subjects were provided the same amount diet, and exercise began just after one hour of the meal.All wrote consent,and the study was approved by the ethical committee of BSU. RESULTS: (1)Compared with blood glucose at the beginning of the exercise,the decreased amount of PD and D were bigger than N’s(At the moment of finishing exercise,blood glucose of N, PD and D decreased respectively 2.19±1.25 mmol/L,3.59±1.47,3.19±2.02;at 1h-point after exercise,1.31±1.25, 2.29±2.63, 2.66±2.57; at 2h,2.11±1.31, 3.72±1.77,4.66±2.47,P<0.05.)(2)The fluctuation of blood glucose in PD and D were much sharper than N’s when the data of seven time-point samples were calculated(1.62±0.53,1.96±0.73,1.11±0.44,P<0.05 and P<0.01),and the seven time-points followed as fasting glucose,1h after meal,the moment just finishing exercise,15min, 30min,1h,2h in turn. (3)As to N,PD,D’s HR, the incidences of abnormal recovery at the 1st minute after exercixe were 6.7%,13.3%,13.3% respectively,and the incidences of SBP abnormal increase during exercixe were 20%,33.3%,60%. CONCLUSIONS: (1)The study found blood glucose of healthy or glucose metabolism disorders people after aerobic exercise changed regularly:decreased remarkably at the end of exercise, and then increased gradually with its peak at 30min, recovering almost entirely at 2h-point.(2)IFG subjects benefited more in blood glucose from 30min aerobic exercise than diabetes. (3)The CVD risk of exercise for diabetes patients was higher than that for IGR people and healthy ones. Supported by Research on Prevention and Control of Major CNCD(2016YFC1300202).

Atherogenic dyslipidemia increases the risk of incident diabetes in statin-treated patients with impaired fasting glucose or obesity

AimTo investigate which metabolic factors increase the risk of incident diabetes (T2D) in statin-treated patients. MethodsA retrospective study conducted in Greece including 1241 consecutive individuals with dyslipidemia attending a lipid clinic for ≥3 years. After defining associations with incident T2D, we assessed the risk of new-onset T2D based on the presence of impaired fasting glucose (IFG), atherogenic dyslipidemia, and overweight/obesity. ResultsAfter excluding 166 patients with baseline T2D and 193 subjects taking lipid-lowering therapy at the baseline visit, 882 participants were included in the study. Eleven percent (n=94) developed T2D during their follow-up (median 6 years; IQR: 4–10). Baseline patients’ age (OR: 1.05; 95% CI: 1.02–1.08, p<0.01), family history of diabetes (OR: 3.58; 95% CI: 1.86–6.91, p<0.01), IFG (OR: 6.56; 95% CI: 3.53–12.12, p<0.01), overweight/obesity (OR: 2.65; 95% CI: 1.39–5.05, p<0.01), atherogenic dyslipidemia (OR: 3.27; 95% CI: 1.50–7.15, p<0.01), and treatment with high-intensity statins (OR: 3.51; 95% CI: 1.89–6.51, p<0.01) were independently associated with increased risk of T2D in statin-treated patients. Among the IFG subjects, atherogenic dyslipidemia (OR: 3.44; 95% CI: 1.31–9.04, p=0.01) and overweight/obesity (OR: 2.54; 95% CI: 1.14–5.66, p<0.05) independently increased the risk of T2D. Among the overweight/obese ones, atherogenic dyslipidemia independently increased the risk of T2D (adjusted OR: 5.60; 95% CI: 2.19–14.30, p<0.01). ConclusionAtherogenic dyslipidemia appears to be an independent risk factor for new-onset T2D in statin-treated patients, while IFG, overweight/obesity and family history of diabetes remain risk factors for new-onset T2D in this group.

Association of Serum Leptin with Beta Cell Dysfunction and Insulin Resistance among Different Subgroups of Pre-Diabetes

Background: Accumulating evidence indicates that various adipokines released from adipose tissue have been involved in abnormal insulin signalling in obesity and type 2 diabetes. However, it is not entirely clear whether these alterations in serum adipocyte concentrations are already present in the pre-diabetic state. The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that elevated levels of serum lepin an index of insulin sensitivity is independently associated with insulinemic indices among different subgroups of prediabetes. Materials: Under an observational cross-sectional design a total of 116 Control subjects (M/F, 58/58) and 99 prediabetic subjects (55/44) consisting of 49 Impaired Fasting Glucose (IFG) and 50 Impaired Glucose Tolerance (IGT) were investigated. Serum glucose was measured by glucose-oxidase method. Serum insulin and leptin were measured by ELISA techniques. Insulin secretory function (HOMA%B), insulin sensitivity (HOMA%S) and Homeostasis Model Assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were calculated from Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA). Results: Compared to the Control, IFG and IGT subjects had significantly higher levels of serum leptin (ng/mL) (p<0.001) and HOMA-IR (p=0.001) respectively. However, compared to their Control counterparts, IFG and IGT subjects had significantly lower levels of HOMA%B (p=0.001) and HOMA%S (p=0.010). On binary logistic regression analysis, serum leptin (OR (95% CI): 1.074 (1.019-1.131), p=0.007) and reduced HOMA%S (OR (95% CI): 0.972 (0.950-0.995), p=0.015) were found to be significant determinants of IGT group after adjusting the effects of WC and TG. In the same analysis, serum leptin (1.109 (1.054-1.167), p<0.001) and reduced HOMA%B (0.966 (0.951-0.981), p<0.001) were found to be significant predictors of IFG group after adjusting the effects of WC and TG. Conclusion: Elevated levels of serum leptin may have an association with the state of IFG and IGT of prediabetes and this association, in turn, is mediated by insulin secretory dysfunction and reduced insulin sensitivity during this disorder.

Assessment of cardiovascular risk factors in persons with impaired glucose tolerance

Introduction/Objective. The aim of the study was to determine the profile of cardiovascular risk factors in patients with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) in comparison to patients with impaired fasting glucose (IFG). Methods. The study consisted of 222 adult participants with established fasting blood glucose values within the 5.6?6.9 mmol/L range. IGT was defined as blood glucose of 7.8?11.1 mmol/L in the second hour after the administration of 75 g during oral glucose tolerance test. IFG is the metabolic state between normal and impaired glucose tolerance, where fasting glucose levels are 5.6?6.9 mmol/L, and normal oral glucose tolerance test values. IGT was confirmed in 142 of these individuals (107 females and 35 males; aged 54 ? 13 years). The remaining 80 participants (56 females and 24 males, p = 0.329; aged 53 ? 13 years, p = 0.76) were considered the IFG group. The following parameters were analyzed in both groups: body mass index, waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting glucose, fasting insulin levels, HOMA-IR (homeostasis model assessment ? insulin resistance), C-reactive protein, fibrinogen concentrations and lipid profile. Results. Participants in the IGT group were more obese than those in the IFG group (body mass index 30.8 ? 5.5 kg/m2 vs. 26.7 ? 3.8 kg/m2, p &lt; 0.001), and with greater waist circumference (111 ? 12 cm vs. 101 ? 6 cm; p &lt; 0.001). Glucose levels (6.02 ? 0.75 mmol/L vs. 5.80 ? 0.62 mmol/L; p &lt; 0.001), and blood insulin levels (21.61 ? 3.46 vs. 6.00 ? 2.8 mIU/L; p &lt; 0.001), as well as HOMA-IR (5.78 ? 2.68 mIU/L vs. 1.54 ? 1.46 mIU/L; p &lt; 0.001) were also higher in the IGT group. Median levels of HbA1c in IGT subjects were higher compared with those in the IFG group, but the difference was not statistically significant (6.21 ? 0.75% vs. 5.92 ? 0.43%; p = 0.105). Median hs-CRP levels in the IGT subjects (6.7 ? 4.88 mg/L) were higher than in the IFG subjects (5.83 ? 6.47 mg/L), but without statistical significance (p = 0.76). Conclusion. Our study indicates the presence of a large number of cardiovascular risk factors in both groups. Still, obesity, hyperinsulinemia, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, higher diastolic blood pressure, as well as sedentary lifestyle, were statistically significantly more prevalent in patients with IGT.

Serum Vitamin D Associated with Insulin Secretory Function in Impaired Fasting Glucose Subjects

Background: Impaired fasting glucose (IFG) is a prediabetic condition and is a high-risk state for developing diabetes and associated complications. The aim of this study was to explore the association of vitamin D with insulin secretory function among the IFG subjects. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective cross-sectional study conducted in the Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Bangladesh University of Health Sciences (BUHS), Dhaka, Bangladesh; from June 2016 to May 2017, on forty-six (46) IFG subjects. Serum blood glucose was measured by glucose-oxidase method, Fasting serum lipid profile (Total cholesterol, TG and HDL-c); liver enzyme like alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was measured by enzymatic-colorimetric method; Serum creatinine was measured by colorimetric kinetic method; Serum Insulin and vitamin D [25(OH)D] were measured by ELISA method; insulin secretory capacity (HOMA%B) and insulin sensitivity (HOMA%S) were calculated by Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA) using HOMA-CIGMA software. Results: Among 46 IFG subjects, 22 (47.8%) were male and rest 24 (52.2%) were female and their mean age was 40 (±8) years. Mean fasting serum glucose level of the study subjects was 6.33 (±0.23) mmol/l and mean postprandial serum glucose level was 7.23 (±0.41) mmol/l. Mean serum vitamin D level of the study subjects was 26.54 (±8.83) ng/ml. Mean HOMA%S, HOMA%B and HOMA%IR of the total study subjects were 48.34 (±16.70), 102.16 (±23.13) and 2.28 (±0.70) respectively. Insulin secretory capacity (HOMA%B) was significantly higher (p = 0.047) in the subjects having higher vitamin D [25(OH)D level ≥ 20 ng/ml] compared to the subjects having lower vitamin D [25(OH)D levels < 20 ng/ml]. Conclusion: High prevalence of hypovitaminosis D exists among IFG subjects. Vitamin D is associated with insulin secretory function in IFG subjects. Population based prospective studies using larger sample size should be done to confirm the results.

Serum and Urinary Selenium Status in Patients with the Pre-diabetes and Diabetes in Northeast China

Homeostasis imbalance of selenium (Se) in diabetes has received great attention. This study investigated serum and urinary Se levels in patients with impaired fasting glucose (IFG), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), type 1 diabetes (T1D), and type 2 diabetes (T2D) in Northeast Chinese populations. From January 2010 to October 2011, patients with IFG (n = 12), IGT (n = 15), T1D (n = 25), T2D (n = 137), and healthy controls (n = 50) were enrolled in the First Hospital of Jilin University. Se was detected using inductively coupled plasma spectrometer. The serum Se level was dramatically lower in patients with T1D and was significantly higher in IFG subjects, and the urinary Se concentration was markedly lower in IGT and T2D groups. The serum Se levels were positively correlated with serum zinc (Zn) in both IFG and IGT groups, while urinary Se were positively associated with urinary Zn and copper (Cu) in IGT group. The serum Se levels were positively correlated with serum Cu in both T1D and T2D groups, and urinary levels of Se were positively associated with serum zinc and urinary Cu, Zn, calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) and negatively correlated with serum Ca and Mg in T2D group, while the urinary levels of Se were positively correlated with urinary Zn and Mg both in peripheral neuropathy (DPN) and retinopathy (DR) groups. One month of simvastatin therapy reduced serum Se levels. These results suggest the potential role of Se in diabetes should receive attention.

Association of Albuminuria With Intraglomerular Hydrostatic Pressure and Insulin Resistance in Subjects With Impaired Fasting Glucose and/or Impaired Glucose Tolerance.

Little is known about the relationships between insulin resistance, intrarenal hemodynamics, and urinary albumin excretion (UAE) in humans with impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and/or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). The aim of the current study was to examine intrarenal hemodynamic abnormalities, insulin resistance, and UAE in subjects with IFG or IGT. We hypothesized that intrarenal hemodynamic abnormalities would be associated with insulin resistance. Fifty-four kidney donors underwent 75-g oral glucose tolerance and inulin and para-aminohippuric acid clearance testing. Insulin sensitivity index (ISI) was evaluated by the Matsuda index. Intrarenal hemodynamic parameters were calculated by the Gomez formulae. Of the 54 subjects, 33 exhibited IFG or IGT and 31 exhibited normal glucose tolerance (NGT). Glomerular hydrostatic pressure (Pglo) and UAE were significantly higher in the IFG or IGT subjects with obesity (P = 0.015 and 0.0001, respectively). Log ISI correlated significantly and negatively with Pglo (r = -0.351, P = 0.009) in all subjects. In multiple regression analyses among all subjects, log ISI was associated significantly and independently with Pglo (β = -0.316, P = 0.015), after adjustment for age, sex, and systolic blood pressure. Further, BMI (β = 0.517, P = 0.0004), Pglo (β = 0.420, P = 0.004), and log ISI (β = -0.366, P = 0.008) were each associated significantly and independently with UAE after adjustment. We demonstrated that increased insulin resistance is associated with increased Pglo and UAE in IFG or IGT subjects. These hemodynamic burdens and insulin resistance may cause injury to the glomeruli even in subjects with IFG or IGT.

Increased leisure-time physical activity associated with lower onset of diabetes in 44 828 adults with impaired fasting glucose: a population-based prospective cohort study

AimsTo evaluate the effects of habitual leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) on incident type 2 diabetes in a prospective cohort of Chinese adults with impaired fasting glucose (IFG).Methods44 828 Chinese adults...

Evaluation of the longitudinal deformation of the left ventricular myocardium in subjects with impaired fasting glucose with and without increased glycated hemoglobin.

ObjectivePrediabetes comprises a heterogeneous group because of the poor concordance of its definition. The aim of our study was to evaluate the longitudinal deformation of the left ventricular (LV) myocardium at the two opposite ends of the prediabetes spectrum as defined by fasting blood sugar and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c).MethodsEighty consecutive subjects in a cross-sectional single-center study with impaired fasting glucose (IFG) (100–126 mg/dL) and without significant epicardial coronary artery stenosis seen on selective coronary angiography were included in our study and were divided into two groups based on their HbA1c levels (<5.7% and 5.7%–6.4%). The longitudinal deformation of the LV myocardium was compared between the two groups using two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography (2DSTE).ResultsThe Student t-test, Mann–Whitney U test, or X2 test was used for data analysis, whichever was appropriate. The systolic strain (–16.1%±2.0 vs. –16.8%±2.4; p=0.214), systolic strain rate (–1.3±0.2 s–1 vs. –1.4±0.2 s–1; p=0.403), and early and late-diastolic strain rates (1.4±0.3 s–1 vs. 1.5±0.3 s–1; p=0.456 and 0.9±0.1 s–1 vs. 1.0±0.2 s–1; p=0.684, respectively) of the LV myocardium were not statistically different between the IFG subjects with and without increased HbA1c as detected using 2DSTE.ConclusionThe longitudinal deformation of the LV myocardium as detected using 2DSTE in the subjects without significant epicardial coronary artery stenosis was not statistically significantly different between the IFG subjects with and without increased HbA1c.

Sodium-glucose co-transport 2 inhibitor decreases fasting plasma glucose level in impaired fasting glucose but not in normal glucose tolerance subjects

Renal sodium-glucose co-transport 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) can reduce fasting plasma glucose (FPG) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, but its effect on FPG and β-cell function in impaired fasting glucose (IFG) is unclear. The current article is the Chinses translation of an article entitled as Inhibition of Renal Sodium-Glucose Co-Transport with Empagliflozin Lowers Fasting Plasma and Improves Beta Cell Function in Subjects With Impaired Fasting Glucose , which was published in Diabetes in September [Diabetes, 2017, 66: 2495-2502], with the consent of Diabetes . Eight subjects with IFG and eight subjects with normal FPG (NFG) were included in the study. 9-stage high glucose clamp test was done before and 48 hours, 14 days after taking empagliflozin to quantitatively evaluate the effect of FPG reduction on islet β-cell function. The results showed that FPG concentration decreased only in IFG subjects from (110±2) to (103±3) mg/dl (P<0.01) after taking empagliflozin for 14 days, but the FPG remained unchanged [(95±2) to (94±2) mg/dl] in NFG subjects. The incremental area under the plasma C-peptide concentration curve during the hyperglycemic clamp increased by 22%±4% and 23%±4% in IFG subjects after 48 hours and 14 days, respectively (P<0.01); the plasma C-peptide response remained unchanged in NFG subjects. The insulin secretion/insulin sensitivity (disposition) index increased significantly in IFG, but not in NFG subjects. In conclusion, empagliflozin only reduces the FPG concentration and improves β-cell function in IFG. (Chin J Endocrinol Metab, 2017, 33: 874-879) Key words: Sodium-glucose co-transport 2 inhibitor; Empagliflozin; Fasting plasma glucose; β-cell function; Impaired fasting glucose.

Cardiovascular disease risk factors in a Nigerian population with impaired fasting blood glucose level and diabetes mellitus

BackgroundDiabetes is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and there are reports of increasing prevalence of prediabetes in Nigeria. This study therefore characterised CVDs risk factors in subjects with impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and diabetes.MethodsData from 4 population-based cross-sectional studies on 2447 apparently healthy individuals from 18 - 89 years were analysed. Anthropometric, blood pressure and biochemical parameters were collected and classified. Individuals with IFG (prediabetes) and diabetes were merged each for positive cases of dyslipidaemia, high blood pressure (HBP) or obesity. Optimal Discriminant and Hierarchical Optimal Classification Tree Analysis (HO-CTA) were employed.ResultsOverall prevalence of IFG and diabetes were 5.8% (CI: 4.9 – 6.7%) and 3.1% (CI: 2.4 – 3.8%), respectively. IFG co-morbidity with dyslipidaemia (5.0%; CI: 4.1 – 5.8%) was the highest followed by overweight/obese (3.1%; CI: 2.5 – 3.8%) and HBP (1.8%; CI: 1.3 – 2.4%). The predicted age of IFG or diabetes and their co-morbidity with other CVD risk factors were between 40 – 45 years. Elevated blood level of total cholesterol was the most predictive co-morbid risk factor among IFG and diabetes subjects. Hypertriglyceridaemia was an important risk factor among IFG-normocholesterolaemic-overweight/obese individuals.ConclusionThe higher prevalence of co-morbidity of CVD risk factors with IFG than in diabetes plus the similar age of co-morbidity between IFG and diabetes highlights the need for risk assessment models for prediabetes and education of individuals at risk about factors that mitigate development of diabetes and CVDs.

Association of Interleukin-6 and Myeloperoxidase with Insulin Resistance in Impaired Fasting Glucose Subjects.

Impaired fasting glucose (IFG) is a high risk subclinical condition for the progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus and the hyperglycemia seen in this condition is because of the development of insulin resistance (IR). Obesity, inflammation, oxidative stress and many other factors have been implicated in development of IR in type 2 diabetes mellitus and its successive complications. Current study was aimed to ascertain the correlation of inflammation and oxidative stress markers [interleukin-6 (IL-6) and myeloperoxidase (MPO)] with IR in subjects with IFG. In this study, 80 subjects (40 IFG, 40 healthy controls) aged 25-45years were selected based on their fasting plasma glucose (FPG) values and clinical history. Serum insulin, IL-6 and MPO were estimated by ELISA method and IR was calculated using Homeostatic Model Assessment Index 2 (HOMA 2) calculator. Pearson's correlation coefficient and independent sample 't' test were used for statistical analysis. IL-6 and MPO were found to be significantly elevated in IFG group and both correlates significantly with IR (r 0.413, r 0.645). Only MPO had significant correlation with FPG (r 0.388). In conclusion, the association of altered levels of IL-6 and MPO with IR are suggestive of a role of inflammation and oxidative stress in the initiation and progression of IR in individuals with IFG.

Correlation of Serum Ferritin with Components of Metabolic Synd rome and its Relationship with the Insulin Resistance in Men in Wome n

Background: Raised serum ferritin levels are associated with insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus, prediabetic stage, metabolic syndrome (Mets) and cardiovascular risk. The association between Serum ferritin and HbA1c levels with individual components of metabolic syndrome and obesity are unclear. Objectives: The present study was designed to investigate the relationship between serum ferritin levels, fasting Blood glucose levels, waist Hip ratio, fasting insulin levels, homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR), and lipid profile in previously diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, newly diagnosed patients, impaired fasting glucose subjects and healthy subjects and relationship among iron stores, the metabolic syndrome, and insulin resistance in premenopausal women, postmenopausal women and men. Subjects and methods: 1058 participants included in this study out of them 365 patients with previously diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus having poor glycemic control and good glycemic control, 144 patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus, 189 participants with impaired fasting glucose levels and 360 healthy participants. Fasting blood glucose, Serum ferritin, serum insulin, HbA1c waist hip ratio, and lipid parameters were estimated and Homeostasis Model Assessment-Insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated. Results: Dichotomizing ferritin concentration in to 300 ng/ml for men and 150 ng/ml for women, the odd ratios for newly diagnosed diabetes were 4.94 (95% CI 3.05-8.01) for men 3.61 (2.01-6.48) for women. All multiple linear regression coefficients between ferritin concentration and concentration of insulin, glucose, and glycosylated hemoglobin were positive and significant for men and postmenopausal women. Conclusion: On basis of present studies results, it is concluded that hyperferritinaemia and iron overload may be the primary cause of insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome before overt type 2 diabetes mellitus.