Impact Of Mining Research Articles

Assessment of the impact of gold panning on bacteriological parameters, heavy metals and cyanide in the waters of the Niger river in Guinea

Artisanal mining, or traditional gold panning, plays a key role in Guinea's socio-economic activities. Today, this ancestral activity has undergone changes with the introduction of new extraction techniques that affect the population's living environment. The aim of this study is to assess the impact of artisanal mining on bacteriological parameters, heavy metals and cyanide in the waters of the Niger River in Guinea. To carry out this work, we chose five (05) sites (sampling points), taking into account the intensity of the mining activity taking place around them and on the Niger. We took fifteen samples to determine bacteriological parameters (fecal coliforms, total coliforms and Escherichia coli), free cyanide and certain heavy metals at the regional water quality laboratory. This study enabled us to determine the impact of gold panning on bacteriological parameters, cyanide and certain heavy metals in the waters of the Niger River in Guinea, and to identify possible solutions. Conclusion and outlook: Analysis of the results shows that, overall, the water sampled is of good quality. However, some parameters at certain measurement sites showed signs of pollution.

Dampak Pertambangan Emas Terhadap Pendapatan Masyarakat di Desa Lalar Liang Kecamatan Taliwang Kabupaten Sumbawa Barat

The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of gold mining on community income in Lalar Liang Village, Taliwang District with a qualitative approach with a descriptive method that aims to systematically describe the facts or characteristics of a certain population or a certain field factually and carefully. Procedures for collecting observational data, interviews and literature studies. In this case, the data validity check technique used by the author is using the triangulation method. Data analysis of this interactive model includes: data collection, data reduction, data presentation and finally drawing conclusions. The results of the study show that there is an increase in the income of the mining community because mining is an additional source of income for the community to overcome the family economy. However, not all gold miners earn the same. Although it is not yet large-scale, the dynamics of the people's economy are beginning to be felt and the people's economy is improving from time to time through gold mining.

Polymer-Based Extracting Materials in the Green Recycling of Rare Earth Elements: A Review.

Rare earth elements (REEs) are becoming increasingly important in the development of modern and green energy technologies with the demand for REEs predicted to grow in the foreseeable future. The importance of REEs lies in their unique physiochemical properties, which cannot be reproduced using other elements. REEs are sourced through mining, with global exploration of additional commercially viable mining sites still ongoing. However, there is a growing need for recycling of REEs due to the current supply of REEs not matching the growing demand, the environmental impact of REE mining and processing (the so-called "balance problem"), and the generation of large volumes of harmful electronic waste (e-waste). Industrial REE processing is mainly carried out by hydrometallurgy processes, particularly solvent extraction (SX) and ion exchange (IX) technologies. However, these methods have a significant environmental impact due to their intensive use of harmful and nonsustainable reagents. This Review highlights the development of approaches involving polymer-based extracting materials for REE manufacturing as more sustainable alternatives to current industrial REE processing methods. These materials include supported liquid membranes (SLMs), solvent impregnated resins (SIRs), macro and micro capsules, polymer inclusion membranes (PIMs), and micro polymer inclusion beads (μPIBs). Polymer-based extracting materials have the advantage of more economical regent usage while applying the same extractants used in commercial SX, enabling applications analogous to the current industrial process. These materials can be fabricated by a variety of methods in a diverse range of physical formats, with the advantages and disadvantages of each material type described and discussed in this Review along with their applications to REE processing, including e-waste recycling and mineral processing.

Impact of climatic seasons on the dynamics of carbon, nitrogen and mercury in soils of Brazilian biomes affected by gold mining

Land use change, especially mining activities, contributes to anthropic CO2 emissions, leading to decreased carbon (C) storage and loss of biodiversity. Artisanal gold mining associated with the use of mercury (Hg) for amalgamation may change soil organic matter (SOM) contents, and the release of Hg into the environment generates serious environmental problems. Changes in soil biogeochemistry due to C loss and seasonal climate fluctuations affect Hg dynamics and can either increase or decrease its availability. Therefore, our objective was to evaluate the impact of mining on SOM and Hg geochemistry in four Brazilian biomes. We evaluated the dynamics of C and Hg in the dry and rainy seasons of mining and pasture areas by combining spectroscopic, thermogravimetric, and chemical extraction. The critical role of SOM in Hg retention and the influence of climatic seasons on C and nitrogen (N) stocks were highlighted, along with the availability of Hg in solution. Key findings indicated a 50 % reduction in soil C stocks in mined areas, exacerbated during dry seasons, which also saw up to a 70 % increase in bioavailable Hg. SOM played a critical role in Hg retention, with Hg availability closely linked to soil C stability. These results highlight the environmental degradation linked to mining and suggest strategies to mitigate these impacts by increasing SOM and immobilizing Hg. Amalgamation of gold directly into ore, as in the Amazon, has generated great soil Hg stocks, while Hg availability appeared to be governed by soil C stability. This information can serve as a basis for choosing strategies to mitigate environmental degradation caused by changes in land use in mining activities to promote increase in SOM and to immobilize Hg contents.

Land use & land cover dynamics and its relationship with nitrate pollution in groundwater around inactive mine areas using geospatial techniques, SW part of Cuddapah basin, Southern India

Geospatial maps can show how the ineffective operations of inactive mines affect water and aquifer quality. As such, the purpose of this study is to assess the impact of mining and irrigation on the aquifer ecosystem through the evaluation of LULC and slope maps through the application of Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS and DEM data. A total of 50 groundwater samples were prepared from villages in the close proximity to inactive mines during pre and post monsoon periods in 2021. The results of the analysis revealed alarming statistics, that 14% of groundwater samples exceeded the WHO nitrate limit in pre & post monsoon season, indicating a high-risk in the study area. According to guidelines (USEPA, 2014), 34% in pre-monsoon and 26% post-monsoon of samples exceeded the THI levels for adults and children respectively, indicating non-carcinogenic health risks. In addition, 80% of the samples in both seasons exhibited high NPI values, indicating nitrate contamination associated with blue baby syndrome. From the Geospatial analysis the findings from the LULC classification indicate that there has been a significant increase in cropland area from 2016 to 2021 due to changes in forest land, fallow land, and water resources. These problems have been exacerbated by the expansion of cultivated land, which has increased from 71.1 square kilometers in 2016 to 118 square kilometers in 2021, accounting for 13.1% of the total area. This expansion, coupled with elevated water body resource availability, has compounded the nitrate pollution including in intensely irrigated regions. The slope map analysis revealed that the inactive mines occur at low slope, high rainfall areas and these are compounded by runoff from other sources such as domestic and agricultural wastes. For these matters, sealing and remediating these inactive mines is essential so as to prevent further nitrate leakage.

The impact of kaolin mining activities on bacterial diversity and community structure in the rhizosphere soil of three local plants.

Thus far, the impact of kaolin mining activities on the surrounding native plants and rhizosphere microecology has not been fully understood. In this study, we used 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing to examine the impact of kaolin mining on the rhizosphere bacterial communities and functions of three local plant species: Conyza bonariensis, Artemisia annua, and Dodonaea viscosa. The results showed that kaolin mining significantly reduced the diversity of rhizosphere bacteria in these plants, as indicated by the Shannon, Simpson, Chao1, and observed species indices (p < 0.05). Kaolin mining had an impact on the recruitment of three rhizosphere bacteria native to the area: Actinoplanes, RB41, and Mycobacterium. These bacteria were found to be more abundant in the rhizosphere soil of three local plants than in bulk soil, yet the mining of kaolin caused a decrease in their abundance (p < 0.05). Interestingly, Ralstonia was enriched in the rhizosphere of these plants found in kaolin mining areas, suggesting its resilience to environmental stress. Furthermore, the three plants had different dominant rhizosphere bacterial populations in kaolin mining areas, such as Nocardioides, Pseudarthrobacter, and Sphingomonas, likely due to the unique microecology of the plant rhizosphere. Kaolin mining activities also caused a shift in the functional diversity of rhizosphere bacteria in the three local plants, with each plant displaying different functions to cope with kaolin mining-induced stress, such as increased abundance of the GlpM family and glucan-binding domain. This study is the first to investigate the effects of kaolin mining on the rhizosphere microecology of local plants, thus contributing to the establishment of soil microecological health monitoring indicators to better control soil pollution in kaolin mining areas.

Natural Water Sources and Small-Scale Non-Artisanal Andesite Mining: Scenario Analysis of Post-Mining Land Interventions Using System Dynamics

Small-scale open-pit, non-artisanal mining of low-value ores is an understudied practice despite its widespread occurrence and potential impact on freshwater resources due to mining-induced land-use/cover changes (LUCCs). This research investigates the long-term impacts of andesite mining in Pasuruan, Indonesia, on the Umbulan Spring’s water discharge within its watershed. System Dynamics (SD) modeling captures the systemic and systematic impact of mining-induced LUCCs on discharge volumes and groundwater recharge. Agricultural and reservoir-based land reclamation scenarios then reveal post-mining temporal dynamics. The no-mining scenario sees the spring’s discharge consistently decrease until an inflection point in 2032. With mining expansion, reductions accelerate by ~1.44 million tons over two decades, or 65.31 thousand tons annually. LUCCs also decrease groundwater recharge by ~2.48 million tons via increased surface runoff. Proposed post-mining land interventions over reclaimed mining areas influence water volumes differently. Reservoirs on reclaimed land lead to ~822.14 million extra tons of discharge, 2.75 times higher than the agricultural scenario. Moreover, reservoirs can restore original recharge levels by 2039, while agriculture only reduces the mining impact by 28.64% on average. These findings reveal that small-scale non-artisanal andesite mining can disrupt regional hydrology despite modest operating scales. Thus, evidence-based guidelines are needed for permitting such mines based on environmental risk and site water budgets. Policy options include discharge or aquifer recharge caps tailored to small-scale andesite mines. The varied outputs of rehabilitation scenarios also highlight evaluating combined land and water management interventions. With agriculture alone proving insufficient, optimized mixes of revegetation and water harvesting require further exploration.

No evidence of increased forest loss from a mining rush in Madagascar’s eastern rainforests

Artisanal and small-scale mining is an important livelihood activity in many biodiversity hotspots. There is substantial international concern about the negative impact of artisanal and small-scale mining on biodiversity, yet in most places this remains poorly understood. We explore the impacts of a high-profile mining rush: the 2016 sapphire rush at Bemainty, Eastern Madagascar, where tens of thousands of miners descended on a protected forest. Media coverage claimed the rush caused hundreds of hectares of deforestation and threatened lemur populations. Using the synthetic control method to estimate counterfactual outcomes, we find no evidence that mining increased forest loss or degradation. Supported by informal interviews and a lemur survey, we argue that mining at Bemainty had limited impacts on the surrounding forest, relative to other threats. Our results highlight the heterogeneity of environmental impacts from artisanal and small-scale mining and emphasize the need for more robust evaluations to inform context-specific policies.

Enhancing soybean cultivation sustainability: impact of limestone mining co-products on soil and plant chemical attributes

The increasing demand for sustainable agricultural practices necessitates innovative solutions for soil fertilization. This study aimed to assess the viability of using limestone mining co-products from the Irati and Corumbataí Formations as multi-nutrient sources for Glycine max cultivation. The experiment utilized a double factorial design (7 × 2) with five replications, randomly arranged and placed in pots within a greenhouse. The factors examined were the type of co-product (sedimentary rocks from the Irati Formation: rhythmite and bituminous shale; and the Corumbataí Formation: clayey siltstone) and the soil type (Haplic Arenosol and Rhodic Ferralsol). Soil ion content was assessed at 21 and 140 days after treatment application. Each pot housed four G. max plants, with leaf harvest occurring after 42 days of growth. Macronutrient content, leaf production, and soil ion availability were determined thereafter. Overall, co-product application led to increased soil pH and availability of essential ions, including K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, P, S-SO42−, and Si. At 140 days, rhythmite was notably effective in increasing pH, Ca2+, and Mg2+ in Haplic Arenosol, with respective increases of 22%, 224%, and 696%. Bituminous shale, on the other hand, significantly increased S-SO42− content by 67% and 426% in Rhodic Ferralsol and Haplic Arenosol, respectively. Moreover, the application of co-products resulted in enhanced accumulation of K, Ca, Mg, and S in G. max plants, alongside increased leaf production. In conclusion, the utilization of mining co-products positively influenced soil and plant chemical attributes, particularly enhancing leaf production in G. max. These findings highlight the potential of co-products as environmentally friendly solutions for soil fertilization, supporting sustainable agricultural practices. This research highlights a significant step towards sustainable agriculture by recycling mining waste into valuable soil amendments, which can improve crop yields and reduce the environmental impact of both mining and agricultural activities.Graphical

Integrating the Finite Element Method with Python Scripting to Assess Mining Impacts on Surface Deformations

Mining operations disrupt the structure of rock layers, leading to surface deformations and potential mining damage. This issue has been extensively studied since the 19th century using various analytical, geometric-integral, and stochastic methods. Since the 1990s, numerical methods have been increasingly applied to determine changes in the stress and strain states of rock masses due to mining activities. These methods account for numerous additional factors influencing surface deformation, offering significant advantages over classical approaches. However, modelling rock masses presents challenges, particularly in calibrating the mechanical parameters of rock layers, an area extensively researched with numerous publications. In this study, we determined the mechanical parameter values of rock layers at the advancing mining front using a custom Python script and Finite Element Method (FEM) numerical models. We also introduced a modification to evaluate the error of the estimated parameter values. Numerical analyses were conducted for the Piast–Ziemowit mine region in Poland, utilizing mining, geological, and surveying data. Our results demonstrate that accurate calibration of mechanical parameters is crucial for reliable predictions of surface deformations. The proposed methodology enhances the precision of numerical models, providing a more robust framework for assessing the impact of mining activities on rock layers.

Implementasi Smart Mining dan Teknologi Hijau dalam Mitigasi Dampak Pertambangan Nikel Terhadap Lingkungan di PT. Sulawesi Cahaya Mineral

In this case, we need to know about mining in Indonesia, our motherland has a lot of natural resources that can be renewed (renewable resources), for example rivers, forests, soil quality, and natural resources that cannot be renewed (non-renewable). resources) for example coal, petroleum and metals. There are positive and negative points in the mining industry in our country, in this case from a positive perspective, the mining industry contributes to Indonesia's national gross domestic product (GDP), opens up quite a lot of career/employment opportunities for local and non-local communities, infrastructure development, and improving the standard of living of the surrounding community. From a negative perspective, the mining industry is a scourge in terms of environmental damage, climate change, human rights violations and social inequality. In this case I will raise the topic of the impact of the nickel metal mine of PT, Sulawesi Cahaya Mineral, Routa area, Konawe Regency, Southeast Sulawesi Province on the environment.

Diversity of Aquatic and Coastal Vegetation in the Lublin Coal Basin Complex - Long-Term Changes

Natural resources are fundamental to the survival and development of human populations, and their exploitation is associated with problems such as resource depletion and environmental degradation. Within the borders of the Lublin Coal Basin (LZW) there is the Łęczna-Włodawa Lake District, which includes over 60 lakes. It is one of the most valuable natural areas in the Lublin Voivodeship and the entire region. Due to the undoubted impact of LZW, as well as the lack of detailed botanical studies in the existing literature, research has been undertaken since the 1980s to analyse the floristic and ecological vegetation of aquatic and coastal plants of 6 lakes in the mine's impact zone. Macrophytes are recognized by the WFD as one of the key groups suitable for freshwater biomonitoring and for ecological classification purposes. The conducted research confirmed the progressive degradation of the analyzed lakes. Since the 1990s, there have been significant changes in the use of the area covered by the analyses. The share of built-up areas has significantly increased, but also the share of surface waters. The share of built-up areas has significantly increased, but also the share of surface waters. The qualitative and quantitative structure of macrophytes has undergone very significant changes towards a reduction in the number of species and phytodiversity. The share of species in fertile habitats has increased. Despite the introduction of various forms of legal protection in this area, changes in the depletion of biodiversity are continuing.

Impact of Lower Protective Coal Seam Mining on Overlying Strata: Deformation, Pressure Relief, and Permeability Enhancement

Impact of Lower Protective Coal Seam Mining on Overlying Strata: Deformation, Pressure Relief, and Permeability Enhancement

Numerical Modeling the Rock Mass Stress-Strain State Near Vertical Excavations in Combined Mining

In recent years, the development of the mining industry in the Republic of Kazakhstan has been accompanied by the commissioning of new underground levels for many existing mineral deposits, which were initially developed through open-pit mining. As the depth of open-pit mining increases, the volume of overburden rises sharply, making open-pit mining unprofitable due to the significant amount of additional mining work required. For this reason, most open-pit mines in Kazakhstan are transitioning to underground mining, or combined mining. Many researchers have examined the timing of this transition and have worked on optimizing it to determine the best economic efficiency and manage risks. However, there is limited information available on how to determine the optimal location for a vertical mine shaft when transitioning from open-pit to underground mining. The purpose of this study is to identify a safe location for a vertical shaft in combined mining operations. Specifically, the study assesses the impact of the open-pit mine on the selection of the mine shaft’s location, considering the stress-strain state of the rock mass during combined mining methods. To address these objectives, numerical modeling of the stress-strain state around vertical excavations during combined mining was performed. The results provide a solution to the critical issue of determining the location of the mine shaft in combined geotechnology and lay the groundwork for further research on shaft placement in Kazakhstan. The novelty of this study lies in identifying the shaft location by considering the geometric shape of the open-pit mine and the depth of development. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-09-010 Full Text: PDF

Validation of a PGNAA sensor model for bulk material sorting

Global mineral demand is forecast to increase significantly to achieve the transition to renewable energy. Greater volumes of ore of lower grade will have to be mined to meet demand. Techniques to process large volumes of low-grade ore efficiently are being investigated to reduce the cost and impact of mining. One technique is to use sensor information to sort mined material, allowing waste to be discarded early in mineral processing. Prompt gamma neutron activation analysis (PGNAA) is a sensing technique that can provide information on the multi-elemental composition of a bulk sample which can be used for bulk material sorting. This paper presents the development of a Monte Carlo simulation model of a PGNAA sensor for bulk sorting using the Geant4 toolkit. The GEOSCAN sensor (Scantech Australia) was used as a case-study to demonstrate the application of the model. The sensor responses for a range of pure mineral samples (Fe2O3, SiO2, S, Na2CO3 and MnO2) were measured to validate the developed model. The sensitivity of the simulation results to the hadronic and electromagnetic physics models used was tested. It was determined that the PGNAA sensor model can reproduce measurements obtained from the GEOSCAN sensor. In particular, the model can provide a good reproduction of the overall spectral shape and the locations of distinct characteristic peaks. The differences between simulated and experimental results are within 30% on average. It was found that the Geant4 HP neutron model best reproduces the activation peaks observed in experimental measurements. Additionally, the PGNAA spectrum was found to be insensitive to the choice of electromagnetic model for the photon interactions. The validated sensor model provides a useful tool for investigating PGNAA sensor applications including a bulk sorting strategy for new materials, sensor calibration, improvements in signal analysis and optimised sensor design.

Monitoring Mining Impact for Geosites Using Time Series NDVI and Run-off in the Eastern Part of Southern Java Mountains, Indonesia

Several geosites in the Eastern Part of the Southern Mountains of Java which are currently being mined are important geosites because they have recorded tectonic processes in the tertiary period. However, mining activities without environmental monitoring could be lead loss of rock outcrops and alteration of mineralscontained in the geosite. This study aims to monitor the vegetation index and run off in karst geosites and gold mined hills. We used Sentinel 2A Imagery on the Google Earth Engine (GEE) to get the vegetation index (NDVI) and run off values temporally. The Sentinel 2A data acquisition pro-cess in both 2018 and 2022 was carried out on the Google Earth Engine with specific steps consisting import data from cloud collection, cloud masking, and customing date acquistion. The results show that there has been a decrease in the vegetation index in the period 2018-2022 which is indicated by the decrease in the vegetation index value in the mined area. Another impact found is that there has been an increase in the run-off value in 2022 in both the Karst Puger Hills and the Tumpang Pitu Hills. The NDVI pattern on mined geosites has also changed significantly due to increasingly intense mining activities. The NDVI fluctuation pattern in the Karst Hills in 2018-2020 ranges from 0.41 to 0.74, while in 2021-2022 the fluctuation pattern is only in the range 0.05 to 0.4, respectively. The NDVI fluctuation pattern in the Tumpang Pitu Gold Hills in 2018-2019 is in the range 0.6 to 0.8, while in 2020-2022 it is in the range 0.38 to 0.52, respectively. Google Earth Engine is able to map the vegeta-tion index more efficiently by using a time series approach. These advancement is different compare to previous studies, where our study shows rapid acquisition during pre-processing, performing NDVI with rapid temporal analysis, and shows numerous degraded land in southern java mountains. There-fore, it can be concluded that there has been a decrease in the vegetation index and an increase in run off which can threaten the rock outcrop on the geosite. Furthermore, this study suggest that GEE should be considered as a main tool to identified degraded land, particularly for geosite conservation.

Impact of manganese mining on potentially toxic elements pollution and bioaccumulation in Spirogyra varians and Hydrilla verticillata in the Xiaojiang River.

Potentially toxic elements (PTEs) pose a significant threat to aquatic ecosystems. This study investigated the content and potential sources of PTEs (Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb) in water, sediment, and dominant aquatic plants (Hydrilla verticillata and Spirogyra varians) in the Xiaojiang River, located near the Zhaiying manganese mine in Guizhou Province, China. Correlation analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), and cluster analysis were employed to assess PTE distribution and potential sources. Water PTE concentrations complied with the Class II standard (GB3838-2002), indicating no water pollution. However, sediment PTE levels exceeded background values, particularly Mn, which exhibited moderate to strong contamination. Cd also showed moderate contamination, posing a considerable ecological risk. Cd was the main potential pollutant with the highest contribution rate. Mn and Cd were therefore identified as priority pollutants requiring targeted abatement strategies. Mining activities likely represent the primary source, but combined pollution from vehicle traffic and agriculture might also contribute. Hydrilla verticillata demonstrated a higher capacity for PTE enrichment from sediment compared to Spirogyra varians, suggesting its potential for sediment remediation (except for Cu). A significant correlation existed between both plant species and sediment PTE content. PCA supported the association between S. varians and sediment PTEs. Linear regression analyses revealed better correlations between S. varians and sediment Mn, Ni, Cu, and Zn (0.77, 0.68, 0.82, and 0.79, respectively). Taken together, these findings suggest that S. varians serves as an effective bioindicator for monitoring sediment contamination with PTEs.

Identification of Anthropogenic and Natural Inputs of Sulfate into River System of Carbonate Zn-Pb Mining Area in Southwest China: Evidence from Hydrochemical Composition, δ34SSO4 and δ18OSO4

The release of pollutants from lead-zinc mining areas poses a significant threat to the environment, making pollution tracing crucial for environmental protection. However, the complexity of carbonate mining areas makes tracing these pollutants challenging. This study used δ34SSO4 and δ18OSO4 isotopes combined with the Stable Isotope Mixing Models in R (SIMMR) to assess anthropogenic sulfate sources in the Daliangzi mining area. The river water types were mainly Ca2+-Mg2+-HCO3−, and SO42−, which are significantly influenced by dolomite dissolution. The δ34SSO4 values ranged from 6.47‰ to 17.96‰ and the δ18OSO4 values ranged from −5.66‰ to 13.98‰. The SIMMR results showed that evaporite dissolution in tributaries, driven by gypsum, contributed 31% of sulfate, while sulfide oxidation, sewage, and atmospheric deposition contributed 19%, 18%, and 24%, respectively. The tailings pond near Xincha Creek has a higher sulfate release potential than the processing plant near Cha Creek. In the mainstream, sulfide oxidation contributed 25%, primarily from mine drainage. Anthropogenic sources, including sulfide oxidation, fertilizers, and sewage, made up about 50% of the total sulfate, with sulfide oxidation accounting for half of this input. The strong correlation between the Zn and SO42− concentrations (R2 = 0.82) and between the Zn and the contribution from the sulfide oxidation (R2 = 0.67) indicates their co-release during sulfide oxidation, making SO42− a proxy for tracing Zn sources. This study highlights the utility of δ34SSO4 and δ18OSO4 with SIMMR in tracing anthropogenic inputs and underscores the significant impact of mining on river systems and the sulfur cycle.

The Impact of Sand Mining on the Environment in Tamedan Village, North Dullah Island District, Tual City

This study aims to determine the impact of sand mining activities on the environment in Tamedan Village, Pulau Dullah Utara District, Tual City. This research method uses a descriptive method with a quantitative and direct field approach. The population in this study was the Tamedan Village community both directly involved in mining and those affected by sand mining. The variables in this study consist of sand mining activities (X) and environmental damage (Y). Data collection techniques in this study were conducted through observation, interviews, filling in questionnaires, and documentation, while for data analyzing data using descriptive statistics and inferential analysis. Bassed on theprocessed data, it is known that the independent variabel (X), namely sand mining activities, has an effect on the dependent variabel (Y) , namely environmental damage, determined based on the significant value in the results the value obtained is 0,001 &lt; 0,05, which means that the variabel X has an effect on the variabel Y. the process of mutual influence, namely sand mining on environmental damage, the higher the number of sand mines, the higher the environmental damage in Tamedan Village, North Dullah Island District Tual City

Existing Conditions of Gastropod Communities in Areas Affected by Nickel Mining Overburden in the Mangrove Ecosystem of Dawi-Dawi, Southeast Sulawesi

ARTICLE HIGLIGHTS- Nickel mining activities significantly impacted the ecological integrity of the Pomalaa coastal area in Southeast Sulawesi, particularly in the mangrove ecosystem.- The exposure of overburden waste in the mangrove ecosystem has led to the loss of important gastropod species and a decline in population of surviving species- The low population of gastropod species in nickel mining impact areas indicates extensive environmental damage caused by these activities.ABSTRACTGastropod resources in the Dawi-Dawi mangrove ecosystem, Southeast Sulawesi are greatly influenced by the input of overburden waste (sediment) from nickel mining activities. This condition has been going on for the last 2 decades and has degraded the habitat and structure of the gastropod community. The upstream connectivity (the existing nickel mining area) and the Dawi-Dawi River estuary mean that the mangrove forest (estuary) in this area is continuously affected by (massive) overburden runoff. This research was carried out in June-August in the mangrove ecosystem of Dawi-Dawi Village, Southeast Sulawesi Province. This research aims to determine the existing condition of mangrove gastropods affected by overburden. This research began by conducting initial observations in the field, to identify mangrove ecosystems affected by overburden. research stations were determined using a purposive sampling technique (targeted) and sampling gastropods using a simple random sampling method. The ecological index of the mangrove gastropod community affected by overburden shows a tendency for a medium diversity index (H'=1.81), low species richness (R=1.42), high evenness (E=1.12), and no dominance of certain species (C=0.19). The gastropod species found are typical types that make up the mangrove fauna, namely Terebralia sulcata, Terebralia palustris, Faunus ater, Telescopium telescopium, Hebra nigra, and several taxa (genus) of climbing Littoraria snails (periwinkle) which are found in the roots, stems and leaves of mangroves. The abundance of gastropods obtained was also very low, namely around 0-12 Ind./m2. At some points (rarely) schools of small snails of the type T. sulcata (5-21 Ind./m2) are sometimes found. This research shows de facto that overburden waste eliminates (survival) or reduces the diversity and richness of gastropod species (ecological index) in the mangrove ecosystem of Dawi-Dawi.