Impacted Maxillary Canines Research Articles

Impacted maxillary canine: Assessment of prevalence, severity and location of root resorption on maxillary incisors: A retrospective CBCT study

The maxillary permanent canine is one of the most frequently impacted teeth, which often requires multidisciplinary management. A common complication of canine impaction is root resorption of the adjacent dentition. The aim of this retrospective study was to report the prevalence of root resorption of maxillary incisors adjacent to impacted maxillary canines from small volume CBCT images by trained clinicians. A secondary objective was to report the location and severity of root resorption. CBCT images of patients with impacted maxillary canines (unilateral and bilateral) who attended a joint orthodontic/surgical multidisciplinary clinic were screened. Descriptive statistics were used to investigate associations of patient characteristics and presence of root resorption. Generalized estimating equations (GEE) logistic regression model were used to identify predictors of root resorption. In all, 148 impacted maxillary canines (122 patients) were analysed. The majority of patients were under 18 years of age (71.6%) with impacted canines present in more females (68.2%) than males (31.8%). Maxillary lateral incisors showed the highest prevalence of root resorption (38.5%). The apical region was the most common location of resorption for lateral incisors (20.9%) with a variable degree of severity evident: slight (10.1%), moderate (15.6%), and severe (12.8%). Although no significant predictors of root resorption were identified, a weak association was evident for age and root development. In this cohort of patients, the roots of maxillary lateral incisors are most likely to suffer from root resorption in the presence of an impacted maxillary canine. Clinicians should consider the extent, location and severity of resorption of adjacent teeth when planning treatment decisions and mechanics in cases of impacted maxillary canines.

Management of Unilateral Impacted Maxillary Permanent Canine: A Case Report

Introduction The management of maxillary canine is very complex because it must be carefully planned and carried out as a team. The handling of impacted canine cases must be seen from a clinical and radiological point of view. Maxillary canine impaction can be caused by a lack of space or inadequate seed placement. The time to treat canine impaction is usually between the ages of 11 and 14. Objective The aim of this case report was to describe the management of an impacted maxillary left canine of a teenage girl. Successful treatment requires complete diagnostics, such as radiographs, good teamwork, and precise treatment planning of the dental team. Case Report An 11-year-old female patient with class I molar relationship, bimaxillary protrusive, and impacted left upper canine visited the clinic for orthodontic treatment. Extraction of four first premolars (bicuspids) was carried out, and exposure by the periodontist was completed on the maxillary left canine for the installation of a traction device (gold chain traction). Conclusion The appropriate timing, treatment plan, and proper surgical exposure preparation in handling this case produced optimal and ideal results.

Evaluation of the Relationship Between the Maxillary Sinus and Nasopalatine Canal of Maxillary Impacted Canines by Cone Beam Computed Tomography

Introduction. One of the critical parameters evaluated while planning orthodontic treatment for impacted canines in clinical practice is the relationship between impacted canines and adjacent anatomical structures. The nasopalatine canal (NPC) and maxillary sinus are anatomical formations that may be in close proximity to impacted canines. This study aimed to determine the relationship between palatally impacted canines, the maxillary sinus, and the NPC. Methods. A total of 105 impacted canines from 93 patients were evaluated using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. The relationship between the impacted canine teeth, maxillary sinus, and NPC was assessed inside, outside, and at the border of the maxillary sinus floor and NPC walls. The millimetric distance between the impacted canine teeth and the borders of the maxillary sinus, the NPC, and the cortical bone of the palate was measured. Additionally, NPC morphology was assessed on the axial and sagittal CBCT images. Results. Of all the impacted teeth, 47.6% (3.8% inside, 43.8% at the border) were associated with the sinus, while 42.8% (15.2% inside, 27.6% at the border) were associated with the NPC. A significant moderate negative correlation (-0.32) was observed between age and the distance between impacted left canine teeth and the cortical bone of the palate. Additionally, when a Y-shaped NPC was present, the impacted canines were predominantly situated outside the canal. Conclusions. In this study, nearly half of the canines were located inside or at the border of the maxillary sinus and the NPC. Therefore, clinicians should carefully evaluate the relationship of impacted teeth with the maxillary sinus and the NPC during both orthodontic treatment and the extraction of impacted teeth.

Do erupting maxillary canines resorb adjacent teeth? A study focusing both on the ipsilateral and contralateral sides among individuals with unilaterally impacted canines.

To determine the prevalence of root resorption of teeth adjacent to permanent maxillary canines on both sides, by cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), in pretreatment adolescent subjects with unilaterally impacted maxillary canines, and to define predictive factors for the root resorption. This retrospective sample included 76 adolescents (38 boys, 38 girls, mean age 12.3 ± 2.1 years; range 8-17 years) who had CBCT after detection of a unilateral impacted maxillary canine before any active orthodontic treatment. Both ipsilateral and contralateral sides were examined, and 14 qualitative and quantitative variables were collected. Descriptive statistics were calculated, and multiple logistic regression was used to predict root resorption. On the impaction side, 57.9% of canines resorbed at least one adjacent tooth compared with 13.2% on the contralateral side (P < .001). On the impaction side, resorption was slight in 59.6%, moderate in 5.8%, and severe in 34.6% of the cases. On the contralateral side, resorption was slight in 91.7%, moderate in 0%, and severe in 8.3% of the cases. On both sides, upper lateral incisors were the teeth most frequently resorbed, followed by the upper first premolars and upper central incisors. The presence of contact between the canine and the adjacent roots was the only statistically significant risk factor for resorption for both ipsilateral and contralateral sides. Orthodontists should look for root resorption on both sides in cases of unilaterally impacted maxillary canines.

Treatment duration by morphology and location of impacted maxillary canines: A cone-beam computed tomography investigation

This study aimed to identify whether patients with impacted maxillary canines take longer to treat than orthodontic patients without an impacted canine. We also sought to identify factors that are predictive of increased treatment duration in patients with impacted maxillary canines and treated by surgical exposure. A retrospective investigation of 37 patients with an impacted maxillary canine, treated by surgical exposure and fixed appliance therapy, was undertaken. In addition, an age- and sex-matched control group of 39 patients (without impacted canines) was also collected. Patient age, sex, and total treatment duration were recorded. For patients with an impacted canine, patient records and pretreatment cone-beam computed tomography datasets were assessed. Point coordinates identifying relevant landmarks were recorded, and a geometric method was used to calculate variables describing canine location, orientation, and apical morphology. Controlling for age and sex, linear regression identified a statistically significant increase in treatment duration of 46.7 and 41.5 weeks for palatal and labial/midalveolar impacted canines, respectively, vs controls (P<0.002). Age and sex of patients with impacted canines collectively affected treatment duration (P= 0.04), with females of increased age being treated faster than younger males. Rotation of the impacted canine crown had a highly significant effect on treatment duration, with every degree of rotation increasing treatment duration by 0.32 weeks (P<0.001). There was a significant degree of multicollinearity between the other radiographic variables. Collectively, radiographic variables describing canine displacement significantly prolonged treatment duration (P<0.001) and explained 29.8% of the variability in total treatment time. The apical morphology of impacted maxillary canines was significantly associated with increased treatment duration (P= 0.01) and explained 11.3% of the overall treatment variability (P= 0.01). Increased total treatment duration of surgically exposed impacted maxillary canines is associated with increasing mesiopalatal canine crown rotation, worsening displacement, and hooked apical morphology.

Evaluation of the relationship between maxillary canine impaction with arch dimensions and maxillary sinus dimensions using Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT ).

We aimed to evaluate the morphology of maxilla and sinus dimensions in subjects with unilaterally and bilaterally impacted canine using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) records. CBCT records taken during 2020-2022 of 120 patients were obtained to investigate the relationship between impacted canine and maxillary morphology as well as sinus dimensions. The CBCT images were then divided into three groups: control, unilaterally canine impaction and bilaterally canine impaction. Then morphology-related variables (arch circumference, arch length, inter molar width, inter first premolar width, palatal depth, anterior posterior dimension of the right and left sinuses, and mediolateral dimension of the right and left sinuses) were analyzed and compared between groups. All measurements were done by Ondeman 3D dental software. Statistical analysis was carried out by SPSS software version 21 using one-way ANOVA. There were meaningful differences in patients with canine impaction compared with control group in arch circumference (P value= 0.004) and arch length (P value= 0.001), inter molar width (P value= 0.001), inter first premolar width (P value= 0.001), mediolateral dimension of the right (P value=0.001) and left (P value= 0.001) sinuses of maxilla. Furthermore, Palatal depth and anterior posterior dimension of the right and left sinuses did not show statistically significant difference between groups. Canine impaction can considerably affect the morphology of maxillary and sinuses dimensions. Nevertheless, future studies are needed to determine the exact structural and molecular effects of the canine impaction on maxillary sinuses and neighboring tissues.

Long-term follow-up after the treatment of impacted canines in the maxilla causing severe root resorption of the lateral incisors: two case reports

BackgroundRoot resorption of adjacent teeth due to impacted canines is common, and orthodontic treatment often leads to secondary resorption or even loss of adjacent roots. Clinical reports of long-term stability after treatment are rare.Case presentationThis study reports two cases of maxillary impacted canines resulting in severe root resorption of the adjacent lateral incisors. Surgical exposure, orthodontic retraction, and alignment of the impacted canines were successful in both cases, and the resorbed lateral incisors were stable with no significant loosening and normal pulp vitality after treatment and at the 5- and 10-year follow-up appointments.ConclusionsLight orthodontic force may be used to move adjacent teeth with root resorption due to tooth obstruction. The path and direction in which the teeth are moved must be specifically designed so that the adjacent roots are not resorbed and so long-term stability can be achieved.

Comparisons of Two Different Treatment Methods for Impacted Maxillary Canines: A Retrospective Study.

Background: The impaction of the maxillary canine is a common occurrence, and orthodontists must be prepared to manage it. The purpose of this article is to present a study of the efficacy of a double-wire orthodontic appliance compared to a control group in the alignment of impacted maxillary canines in the dental arch. Methods: To diagnose an impacted maxillary canine, a panoramic radiograph was taken and a detailed analysis was performed by the same orthodontist. This article presents the results of 28 impacted maxillary canines with inclusion criteria of A2 (tooth angulation to the midline 16°-45°), V1 (vertical height of the tooth crown above the cementoenamel junction but less than half the length of the root of the maxillary lateral incisor), and O3 (medial position of the canine crown of more than half but less than the entire root width of the lateral incisor) positions in 21 patients (7 males and 14 females) with a mean age of 14.02 years (SD = 1.61) who were treated by the same orthodontist for impacted maxillary canines using a fixed double-wire orthodontic appliance. The analyzed data were compared with the control group (treated with a fixed orthodontic appliance and active ligature), which was matched for pretreatment age and the A2, V1, and O3 positions of the impacted maxillary canine. Results: With both methods, the impacted maxillary canines were aligned and guided into a correct position in the dental arch, but the mean active orthodontic traction of 31 ± 4.2 weeks in the SG was statistically significantly shorter (p < 0.05) in comparison to 37 ± 6.3 weeks in the CG, and the number of visits was statistically significantly (p < 0.05) fewer in the SG (5 ± 2) than in the CG (11 ± 5). Conclusions: The findings of this study are important to the field of orthodontics and show that the alignment of impacted maxillary canines with A2, V1, and O3 positions can be achieved with both methods, but with the double-wire appliance, the treatment time was shorter and the number of visits was statistically significantly fewer. The results of this study suggest that this approach may be more efficient and cost-effective compared to conventional methods.

Determination of the position of impacted maxillary canine – A panoramic radiographic study

Maxillary canines are one of the most common impacted teeth. The objective in localization of an impacted canine is to be able to decide such a radiographic technique which has minimal radiation dose, cost and minimum superimpositions. Panoramic radiograph, being a screening radiograph, can satisfy the above needs. Taking this into consideration, the present study was done to evaluate the reliability of panoramic radiograph in localization of impacted permanent maxillary canines, when compared to cone-beam computed tomography.OPG and CBCT images of 100 maxillary impacted canines were included in the study irrespective of site. Each OPG was evaluated for vertical angulation and the data obtained was tabulated and subjected to statistical analysis.In the present study, the female to male ratio was 2.57:1, with a slightly higher prevalence of impacted maxillary canines on left side. The results of the present study show a 100% concordance between OPG and CBCT for palatal and buccal impactions, and 91% for mid-alveolus impactions.Based on the results of the present study, it may be concluded that panoramic radiographs are useful for predicting the location of impacted maxillary canines against the confirmatory radiographic modality like CBCT.

Maxillary Canine Impaction: Assessing the Influence of Maxillary Anatomy Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography.

BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to evaluate the anatomical characteristics of patients with unilateral impacted canine teeth compared to a control group. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) records were retrospectively analyzed. MATERIAL AND METHODS CBCT records of 64 patients with unilateral impacted canine teeth (57.8% female and 42.2% male) and 64 controls (59.4% female and 40.6% male) were retrospectively analyzed. On the CBCT images, intermolar width, arch length, arch perimeter, palatal width in the molar region at cementoenamel junction, palatal width in the molar region at the crest, palatal width in the molar region measured from mid-root level, nasal cavity width, and palatal depth were evaluated. RESULTS In the palatal width measurement from the mid-root variable, the measurement of labially positioned canines was significantly lower than the control group (P<0.05). In terms of intermolar width, the labial positioned impacted canines' values were lower than in the control group. There was a significant difference in terms of the perimeter variable and both palatinally and labially positioned impacted canines were significantly lower than in the control group (P<0.05). All parameters were compared according to sex, and measurements of male patients were significantly higher than in female patients (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS A labially impacted canine was strongly linked to a decrease in mid-root palatal and intermolar widths. Additionally, impacted canines positioned both palatally and labially were found to result in a reduced arch perimeter. Moreover, male patients with impacted canines exhibited notably greater anatomical measurements compared to female patients.

Prediction of Favorability of Maxillary Canine Impaction Using Artificial Intelligence Algorithm

Objective To test the accuracy of an artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm in predicting the favorability of maxillary canine impaction as compared to the conventional manual tracing method using orthopantomograms. Materials and Methods Orthopantomograms of 437 canine impactions were included in this study. Six parameters (sector classification, three angular, and two linear) on orthopantomograms were used to assess the severity of the maxillary canine impaction. The most advanced convolutional neural network model implemented using MATLAB program was used in assessing the favorability of maxillary canine impaction. The outcome of the parameters assessed by the implemented AI model and conventional manual tracing were compared. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were used to assess the performance of AI model in comparison to manual tracing for the angular and sector parameters. Paired t-tests were used for linear measurements. Results The overall clinical performance exceeded 90% for all the angular parameters including sector classification except for the angle between long axis of canine with lateral incisor which had a specificity score of 55%. The value and the area under the ROC curve were more than 0.9 for all the parameters. The distance from the canine cusp tip to the occlusal plane and midline was statistically significant between the groups ( p = .000). Conclusion The proposed AI algorithm had higher accuracy in predicting the favorability of eruption in maxillary canine impactions compared to conventional manual tracing.

A multidisciplinary approach to managing a missing central incisor, impacted canines and complex medical history: a case report

Hypodontia of a maxillary central incisor is infrequent and can indicate Solitary median maxillary central incisor syndrome. We report on an 11-year-old child with medical comorbidities who presented with hypodontia of a maxillary central incisor, buccally impacted maxillary canines and root resorption of the maxillary lateral incisors. She had previously had dental extractions. Joint orthodontic–paediatric–oral surgery treatment included loss of the maxillary lateral incisors and fixed orthodontic appliances to idealize space for prosthetic replacement of a central incisor. The value of multidisciplinary planning is emphasized and the dental considerations for patients with complex medical histories explored. CPD/Clinical Relevance: The reader should have an understanding of the importance of a joint orthodontic-paediatric-oral surgery approach when managing complex paediatric dental patients.

Comparison of 3D Easy Box cone-beam computed tomography analysis with 2D Modified Easy Box on OPG as a prognostic tool for impacted maxillary canines: A pilot study.

To assess and compare the validity of 2D modified Easy Box and measurement of the Beta angle on standard conventional orthopantomogram (OPG) versus 3D cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) OPG-constructed view. A retrospective agreement study. The aim of this study was to construct an Easy Box on a standard conventional OPG and to validate this novel method by comparing it with the Easy Box method on 3D CBCT. After approval from the Ethics Committee, OPG and CBCT radiographs were obtained for the study from departmental records and five private practices in the same location (Indore, India). The radiographs were selected based on record availability and with written consent from the participants before the commencement of the study. The records were analysed to enable a comparison and to assess the accuracy of Easy Box construction on both 3D CBCT and standard conventional OPG radiographs. The location of the impacted canine within the Easy Box boundaries and the measurement of the Beta angle were determined on both views. A perfect agreement was obtained for the comparison of 3D Easy Box CBCT analysis with 2D modified Easy Box on OPG for impacted maxillary canines (Kappa = 1.0). A Bland-Altman (LoA) analysis showed no proportional bias in the comparison of the Beta angle on 3D and 2D OPG radiographs. Beta angle and 2D modified Easy Box on a conventional OPG yield similar results when compared to Easy Box on 3D CBCT OPG-constructed view. The standard OPG was valuable and cost-effective, particularly in the early stages of diagnosis and treatment planning, either as a substitute or when CBCT was unavailable.

Periodontal outcomes of surgically exposed and orthodontically aligned buccally impacted maxillary canines: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

To compare the periodontal outcomes of surgically exposed and orthodontically aligned buccally impacted maxillary canines to spontaneously erupted maxillary canines. An unrestricted search was carried out of indexed databases (Medline, EMBASE, Web of Science and Scopus), reference lists of included studies, and grey literature published until December 2023. Observational and experimental studies that addressed the focused question 'Do periodontal outcomes of buccally impacted maxillary canines that were surgically exposed and subsequently extruded and aligned using orthodontic alignment, differ from those of spontaneously erupted maxillary canines?' were included. Study screening, selection and data extraction were performed independently by two authors, with disagreement resolved by a third reviewer. The risk of bias was assessed using the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist and GRADE approach. A total of 857 citations were found and five studies were eligible for inclusion. Supragingival plaque accumulation and gingival inflammation were similar between impacted canines and their contralaterals in most studies. Meta-analyses revealed no significant differences in keratinised tissue width (prospective studies: MD = -0.28, 95% confidence interval [CI] = -1.13-0.56, I² = 78%; retrospective studies: MD = 0.61, 95% CI = -1.51-2.72, I² = 94%). However, a meta-analysis of prospective studies showed slightly greater mean probing depth for impacted canines compared to their contralateral canines (prospective studies: MD = 0.16, 95% CI = 0.04-0.28, I² = 0%). The evidence certainty for keratinised tissue width and probing depth outcomes was low. Surgically exposed and orthodontically aligned buccally impacted canines have slightly greater probing depths, potential bone loss and increased clinical crown length, compared to their counterparts. However, these small differences (<1 mm) are unlikely to be clinically significant.

Included canine in the palate, a surgical challenge: Case report

Introduction: The impaction of maxillary canines is a frequent occurrence, especially in the palatal region, even when there is sufficient space for their alignment in the dental arch. It can be caused by general or local factors, and its diagnosis should be made through clinical, radiographic and tomographic examinations. Aim: The aim of this study was to describe a clinical case of an impacted canine that had previously been unsuccessfully attempted to be orthodontically pulled. Clinical case report: A 19-year-old female patient was referred for extraction of an impacted element 13 on the palate, after attempted traction for two years, carried out as a prophylactic measure against resorption of adjacent dental elements. Careful removal was carried out with the aid of blood products for a better post-operative prognosis. Conclusion: Early diagnosis of dental inclusions is important to enable traction and prevent loss of units. However, when the inclusion does not allow the tooth to be used, it is important to remove it in a less invasive way and with the better possible post-operative outcome for the patient.

Influence of alveolar bone thickness and bucco-palatal inclination on root resorption of lateral incisors in unilateral maxillary impacted canines: a retrospective observational study

BackgroundThis study aimed to investigate the potential associations between alveolar bone thickness, bucco-palatal inclination of maxillary lateral incisors, and lateral incisor root resorption in patients with unilateral maxillary impacted canines (UMICs).MethodsA total of three hundred and five subjects (120 males, 185 females; mean age, 16.39 years; standard deviation, 4.04) with UMICs were included. Canine position and root resorption were assessed using CBCT. UMICs were divided into palatal, buccal and mid-alveolus groups (PICs, BICs and MAICs), with 117, 137 and 51 subjects, respectively. Alveolar bone thickness and bucco-palatal inclination of lateral incisors were measured using the Dolphin software.ResultsThe prevalence of lateral incisor root resorption was significantly lower in the BICs (13.9%) than MAICs (29.4%) and PICs (29.1%). Alveolar bone thickness of the apical area was smaller in UMICs with lateral incisor root resorption than no resorption in both PICs (8.33 ± 1.64 vs 10.53 ± 2.55 mm) and BICs (8.94 ± 1.85 vs 10.76 ± 2.28 mm). Furthermore, lateral incisors on the impacted side were more buccally inclined in PICs with lateral incisor root resorption than no resorption, while in both BICs and MAICs, there was no statistical difference between lateral incisor root resorption than no resorption. Moreover, alveolar bone thickness of the apical area, rather than bucco-palatal inclination of lateral incisors, was significantly correlated with lateral incisor root resorption both in PICs and BICs.ConclusionsLateral incisor root resorption is less common in BICs. Thinner alveolar bone thickness at the apical area of lateral incisors can be considered as a potential risk factor for lateral incisor root resorption in UMICs.

Evaluation of the efficacy of using dental pulp graft in the healing of the alveolar bone after impacted canine extraction: a prospective cohort study.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the radiographic density of the alveolar bone of the maxilla after extraction of the impacted canines and using the pulp tissue as an autogenous graft. This prospective cohort study recruited 14 patients (8 females and 6 males) between 2021 and 2023, with an average age of 35 years. All participants had palatally impacted maxillary canines. The impacted teeth were extracted surgically. The extracted teeth were then used for autogenous grafting. The pulp tissue was removed, cut into small pieces, and placed on an absorbable gelatin sponge before being inserted into the extraction socket. The wound was subsequently closed meticulously. After 4 months, the bone density was assessed radiographically using the Hounsfield Scale on cone beam computed tomography scans. After 4 months, the mean radiographic bone density value in the extraction area was (652.77 ± 56.13 HU), while the average density of the original bone was (659.7 ± 39.6 HU). Within the limits of this study, dental pulp tissue can be used to restore bony defects of the alveolar bone in the maxilla. However, further research is needed to confirm these findings.

Evaluation of Position and Treatment Difficulty of Impacted Maxillary Canine Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography: A Retrospective Study

Evaluation of Position and Treatment Difficulty of Impacted Maxillary Canine Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography: A Retrospective Study

Artificial intelligence-based automated preprocessing and classification of impacted maxillary canines in panoramic radiographs.

Automating the digital workflow for diagnosing impacted canines using panoramic radiographs (PRs) is challenging. This study explored feature extraction, automated cropping, and classification of impacted and nonimpacted canines as a first step. A convolutional neural network with SqueezeNet architecture was first trained to classify two groups of PRs (91with and 91without impacted canines) on the MATLAB programming platform. Based on results, the need to crop the PRs was realized. Next, artificial intelligence (AI) detectors were trained to identify specific landmarks (maxillary central incisors, lateral incisors, canines, bicuspids, nasal area, and the mandibular ramus) on the PRs. Landmarks were then explored to guide cropping of the PRs. Finally, improvements in classification of automatically cropped PRs were studied. Without cropping, the area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for classifying impacted and nonimpacted canine was 84%. Landmark training showed that detectors could correctly identify upper central incisors and the ramus in ∼98% of PRs. The combined use of the mandibular ramus and maxillary central incisors as guides for cropping yielded the best results (∼10% incorrect cropping). When automatically cropped PRs were used, the AUC-ROC improved to 96%. AI algorithms can be automated to preprocess PRs and improve the identification of impacted canines.

Examination of the Relationship Between Sella Turcica and Impacted Maxillary Canine Teeth: A Retrospective Study

Objectives: In the present study, we aimed to compare the morphological shape and linear dimensions of the sella turcica (ST) between individuals with and without impacted maxillary canines (IMC). Materials and Methods: Cone-beam computed tomography scans of 120 individuals with IMC were obtained, retrospectively. A control group of 40 individuals without IMC were included in the study from the same archive. The study group was divided into three subgroups: group I (n=40), right IMC; group II (n=44), left IMC; and group III (n=36), bilateral IMC. The shape and the linear dimensions of the ST were evaluated in all groups. Data were analyzed using an independent sample t-test and the chi-square test. The significance level was assigned as p&amp;lt;0.05. Results: The linear dimensions ‒length, depth, and diameter‒ of the ST in the control group were significantly different from those in group I (p=0.050, p=0.001, and p=0.018, respectively), group II (p=0.040, p=0.048, and p=0.006, respectively), and group III (p=0.014, p=0.039, and p=0.007, respectively). In addition, there were no statistically significant associations among ST types in the control and study groups. Conclusions: The length, depth, and diameter of the ST were greater in the control group than in the individuals with unilateral or bilateral IMC. Also, no relationship was found between the morphological shapes of the ST in individuals with and without IMC.