Impacted Maxillary Canine Teeth Research Articles

Evaluation of the Relationship between Impacted Maxillary Canine Teeth and Root Resorption in Adjacent Teeth: A Cross-Sectional Cone Beam Computed Tomography Study.

This study aims to determine the position of impacted maxillary canines on cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images, to determine the presence of resorption in adjacent teeth, and to investigate the position and type of resorption of impacted canines if resorption is present. Patients over 14 years of age with maxillary canine teeth who had CBCT images taken for any dental reason were included in the study. Resorption of teeth adjacent to maxillary canines was analyzed according to transversal, vertical, and buccopalatinal positions on the CBCT. The study evaluated 162 maxillary canine teeth on tomography images of 134 patients. Of the affected adjacent teeth, 32.1% of the central incisor, 58.0% of the lateral incisor, and 19.1% of the first premolars showed mild-to-severe resorption. The relationships between transversal position and resorption in the central and lateral incisor, vertical position and resorption in the central incisor and buccopalatinal position and resorption in the first premolars were found to be significant. Maxillary canine teeth can cause mild-to-severe resorption of adjacent teeth, especially lateral incisors. For this reason, we think that a detailed examination with CBCT is essential in the early diagnosis of resorption of adjacent teeth.

Assessment of the positional and morphological differences of unilaterally impacted canines: A cross-sectional study

IntroductionThis study aimed to use cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) to evaluate the dimensional and morphological characteristics of unilaterally impacted canines, their effects on adjacent teeth, and differences with contralaterally erupted canines. Materials and methodsA sample of 31 patients (22 males, mean age 22.22 ± 4.82 years; 9 females, mean age 23.91 ± 5.16 years) with unilaterally impacted maxillary palatal teeth were included in the study. CBCT images were obtained using a NewTom 5 G unit in standard mode. Three-dimensional multiplanar reconstructions emulating a panoramic view and curved planar reconstructions were evaluated. Individuals were divided into two groups (low- and high-complexity) according to Ericson and Kurol's impaction complexity classification. ResultsThe crown lengths and mesiodistal crown widths of the impacted canines were similar to the symmetric canine on the opposite arch and significantly larger than adjacent lateral and premolar teeth (p<0.05). The alpha (31.33 ± 8.32) and beta angles (39.53 ± 10.31) and the 'h' height (10.11 ± 2.02) values in the low-complexity group were significantly lower than the high-complexity group (alpha angle=57.40 ± 12.15; beta angle=71.31 ± 13.94; 'h' height=14.35 ± 3.71, and alpha angle: p<0.001; beta angle: p<0.001; 'h' height: p=0.002) ConclusionThe root lengths of impacted maxillary canine teeth are significantly shorter than symmetrically erupted canine teeth regarding labiolingual crown width. As the alpha and beta angles and ‘h’ height increase, the complexity level of the impacted canine also increases.

Investigating the success rate of maxillary impacted canine tooth eruption using orthodontics according to age, gender and type of impaction in Shahrekord dental clinics in 2023

Background: Canine teeth have a significant impact on the order and proper function of other teeth. Canine impaction can have negative esthetic and functional effects. This study investigated the success rate of orthodontically-assisted eruption of maxillary canine teeth according to age, sex, and type of impaction in Shahrekord city, Iran. Methods: In this retrospective study, panoramic radiographs of 112 patients who had initiated their orthodontic treatment at least 2 years earlier and had completed it by 2023 were evaluated. Cone-beam computed tomography scans were also used when necessary to assess the details. The type, depth, and angle of erupted and impacted canine teeth were determined. The data were analyzed by the Fisher's exact test and t-test. Results: Impacted canines successfully erupted in 72 patients (64.3%). Palatal impaction was more common (71.4%) than buccal impaction (28.6%). Regarding the impaction depth, type C had the highest frequency (63.4%), followed by type B (30.4%), and type A (6.3%). There was no significant correlation between the gender of patients and success rate of assisted eruption (P&gt;0.05), but age and type of impaction were correlated with the success rate (P&lt;0.05). The erupted canine teeth had a significantly higher mean angle relative to the occlusal plane compared with non-erupted teeth (P&lt;0.05). Conclusion: The success rate of orthodontically-assisted eruption of impacted maxillary canine teeth was high, and patients in the age range of 15 to 18 years with grade II impaction showed the highest success rate of orthodontically-assisted eruption of impacted canine teeth.

Examination of the Relationship Between Sella Turcica and Impacted Maxillary Canine Teeth: A Retrospective Study

Objectives: In the present study, we aimed to compare the morphological shape and linear dimensions of the sella turcica (ST) between individuals with and without impacted maxillary canines (IMC). Materials and Methods: Cone-beam computed tomography scans of 120 individuals with IMC were obtained, retrospectively. A control group of 40 individuals without IMC were included in the study from the same archive. The study group was divided into three subgroups: group I (n=40), right IMC; group II (n=44), left IMC; and group III (n=36), bilateral IMC. The shape and the linear dimensions of the ST were evaluated in all groups. Data were analyzed using an independent sample t-test and the chi-square test. The significance level was assigned as p&amp;lt;0.05. Results: The linear dimensions ‒length, depth, and diameter‒ of the ST in the control group were significantly different from those in group I (p=0.050, p=0.001, and p=0.018, respectively), group II (p=0.040, p=0.048, and p=0.006, respectively), and group III (p=0.014, p=0.039, and p=0.007, respectively). In addition, there were no statistically significant associations among ST types in the control and study groups. Conclusions: The length, depth, and diameter of the ST were greater in the control group than in the individuals with unilateral or bilateral IMC. Also, no relationship was found between the morphological shapes of the ST in individuals with and without IMC.

Diagnostic accuracy of conventional orthodontic radiographic modalities and cone-beam computed tomography for localization of impacted maxillary canine teeth.

Orthodontic treatment planning for an impacted canine tooth requires accurate information about its position. The aim of this study was to compare the diagnostic accuracy of two conventional orthodontic radiographic modalities with cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) for localization of impacted maxillary canine teeth. Panoramic radiographs, lateral cephalograms, and CBCT scans of 30 patients with unilaterally impacted maxillary canine teeth were retrieved from the archives. Eight expert orthodontists evaluated the parameters related to the location of impacted canine teeth by using panoramic radiographs and lateral cephalograms of patients. After 4 weeks, the same parameters were evaluated on CBCT scans of patients. The diagnostic accuracy of conventional modalities and CBCT was compared with each other and also with the gold standard. The conventional radiographic modalities and CBCT had similar accuracy for assessment of the overall inclination (p = 0.11), apex morphology (p = 0.18), and mesiodistal position of the apex (p = 0.12). CBCT had significantly higher accuracy for determination of incisal tip location (p = 0.001), labiopalatal (p = 0.001) and vertical (p = 0.01) position of the crown tip, minimum bone thickness covering the crown (p = 0.001), and root resorption of the adjacent tooth (p = 0.001). The combination of panoramic radiographs and lateral cephalograms was sufficiently accurate to assess some diagnostic parameters such as overall inclination, apex morphology, and mesiodistal apex location of impacted canine teeth.

Evaluation of T aluation of Trabecular Bone Ar abecular Bone Around the Impacted Maxillar ound the Impacted Maxillary Canine on CBCT Images by Fractal Analysis

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the position, angulation and surrounding trabecular bone structure of a unilateral impacted maxillary canine (IMC) tooth using fractal analysis. Methods: Cone beam computed tomography images of 50 patients (38 female, 12 male) with unilateral IMC were selected for this retrospective study. A 25x25 pixel region of interest (ROI) was selected in the trabecular bone between the premolars on the impacted and non-impacted side and fractal analysis was conducted. The angulation of unilateral impacted canines was measured and the position was categorized as vestibular, intra-alveolar and palatal. Results: Of the 50 impacted teeth, 42% were in the vestibular, 26% were in the intra-alveolar, and 32% were in the palatal position. The most common angulation angle of the IMC was 0°-15° which occurred in 44% of canines. While the bone fractal values did not statistically significantly differ between the sides, the values were 1.05 ± 0.9 on the impacted side and 1.04 ± 0.1 on the non-impacted side. No significant difference was observed in fractal values according to the position and angulation angles of the impacted maxillary canine (p &gt; 0.05). Conclusion: The structure of trabeculation around the impacted canine tooth was no different than on the non-impacted side.

Periodontal outcomes associated with impacted maxillary central incisor and canine teeth following surgical exposure and orthodontic alignment: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Maxillary incisor and canine teeth are commonly impacted and require multidisciplinary treatment to accommodate them in the dental arch. To assess the periodontal outcomes of impacted maxillary central incisor and canine teeth, which have been successfully aligned in the arch following surgical exposure and orthodontic traction with fixed appliance therapy. Systematic literature searches without restrictions were undertaken in eight databases. Studies reporting surgical interventions in combination with orthodontic traction with fixed appliance therapy to align impacted maxillary incisors or canines published up to January 2023. Duplicate independent study selection, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment. Random-effects meta-analyses of aggregate data. Twenty-three studies (21 retrospective and 2 prospective) were included in the final analysis. Three studies reported outcomes for maxillary central incisors and 20 reported outcomes for maxillary canines. For maxillary central incisors, all three studies were rated as being at moderate risk of bias. For maxillary canines, 17 studies and 1 study were rated at moderate and high risk of bias, respectively. Both prospective studies were rated at a low risk of bias. Meta-analyses comparing aligned impacted maxillary canines to their non-impacted contralateral counterparts found the former had increased Plaque Index scores (mean difference [MD] 0.19; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.03, 0.35; P = 0.03), increased clinical attachment loss (MD 0.40 mm; 95% CI 0.17, 0.63; P = 0.01), increased pocket probing depth (MD 0.18 mm; 95% CI 0.07, 0.28; P = 0.001), increased bone loss (MD 0.51 mm; 95% CI 0.31, 0.72; P < 0.001), and reduced keratinized gingival width (MD -0.31 mm; 95% CI -0.61, -0.01; P = 0.04). Limited evidence suggests that surgical exposure and orthodontic alignment of impacted maxillary central incisor or canine teeth, results in modest adverse effects in the periodontium. These findings should be viewed with caution as our certainty for these outcomes is very low to low due to the bias and heterogeneity. Further well-conducted studies reporting patient centred outcomes are required. PROSPERO (CRD42020225639).

Factors Associated With Successful Surgical Exposure of Impacted Maxillary Canines

Impacted maxillary canines occur in up to 3% of the population and their eruption is of great importance in establishing, maintaining the shape, aesthetics, and function of the dental arch. Hence, surgical exposure of canines for the purpose of aligning them is a common surgical procedure. This study identifies the frequency and the statistically significant factors associated with successful surgical exposure of impacted maxillary canines and the relative risk factors for repeat surgery. This is a retrospective cohort study of 182 patients who underwent surgical exposure of impacted maxillary canines and orthodontic alignment, over a 5-year period between 2014 and 2018. The variables recorded and analyzed included demographics (age and gender), type of surgery (closed or open exposure), grade of surgeon, and radiographic features on orthopantomogram (canine overlap of adjacent tooth root, vertical canine crown height, canine angulation to midline, position of canine root apex). Outcome data recorded were successful surgical exposure and orthodontic alignment and the need for repeat operation or surgical removal due to ankylosis. The data were analyzed to identify the statistically significant correlates of successful surgical exposure and the relative risk factors associated with repeat surgery. A total of 182 patients and 232 bone-impacted maxillary surgical canine exposures were analyzed, as 50 patients had bilateral impaction. Mean age was 15years (range=10-38years), with 122 (67%) female to 60 (33%) male ratio. Total of 222/232 (96%) impacted maxillary canine teeth were successfully surgically exposed and 10/232 (4%) required re-exposure surgery. Correlates of successful surgical exposures were open exposure technique (P<.002) and reduced distance of vertical canine crown height from alveolar bone margin (P<.033). Relative risk factors for repeat surgery were increased age, male, closed surgical exposure, grade of surgeon, central impaction, increased overlap of adjacent root, increased vertical height, increased angulation to midline, canine apex position above second premolar and procedure done under local anesthetics. This is the largest impacted maxillary canine study to date which has identified the factors that result in successful surgical exposure, hence allow selection of the patients most suitable for this treatment. Secondly, patients with relative risk factors for repeat surgical intervention may be consented appropriately, triaged for a closer orthodontic follow-up and prioritized for surgery to reduce overall treatment time.

Evaluation of mandibular indices and cephalometric parameters in adolescents with impacted maxillary canines

Objectives: Maxillary impacted canines have an important place in orthodontics for the reason of being a common anomaly and its treatment is time consuming and difficult. The aim of this study was to investigate the mandibular indexes and cephalometric parameters in adolescents with impacted maxillary canines. Materials and Methods: The radiographs of 4026 patients aged 12–19 years old were scanned and a total of 155 patients were included in the study. Subjects were divided into three groups according to the permanent maxillary canines: Bilateral impacted canine (BIC) (52 subjects; mean age 15.02 ± 1.74 years), unilaterally impacted canine (UIC) (51 subjects; mean age 14.89 ± 1.39 years), and the control (52 subjects; mean age 14.84 ± 1.65 years) groups. Skeletal, soft tissue and dental measurements were performed on cephalometric radiographs. Mandibular index analyzes including the panoramic mandibular index (PMI), mental index (MI), antegonial index (AI), and gonial index (GI) measurements and also angular measurements of impacted maxillary canines were performed on panoramic radiographs. Data were analyzed statistically and P &lt; 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Maxillary skeletal and dental measurements showed retrusive positioned maxillary dental arch in the sagittal direction in the impacted canine groups (P &lt; 0.05). PMI and MI values were greater in the BIC and UIC groups than in control group (P &lt; 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in AI value among groups (P &lt; 0.05). GI value of BIC group was found statistically lower than other groups (P &lt; 0.05). Conclusion: Individuals with impacted maxillary canines have more retrusive maxillary dental arch and soft-tissue components. Furthermore, mandibular cortex was thicker in subjects with impacted maxillary canine than individuals with not and clinicians should keep in mind this when examine the panoramic radiographs in terms of early diagnosis of impacted maxillary canine teeth.

Comparison of Trabecular Bone in Impacted and Normal Erupted Unilateral Maxillary Canine Teeth Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography in Patients Scheduled for Orthodontic Treatment at the Universitas Airlangga Dental and Oral Hospital

Background. Cone-beam computed tomography is being utilized in more clinical contexts and determining bone density with this method is becoming more important. Dentists, particularly dentomaxillofacial radiologists, orthodontists, and oral surgeons, must have a solid understanding of gray value. The gray values acquired from conebeam computed tomography images are used to assess dental implant bone density, diagnose dental ankylosis, and diagnose and differentiate pathological lesions. Objective. To determine the difference in the gray value of the trabecular bone in the impacted and normal erupted maxillary canine teeth using cone computed tomography. Methods. We retrospectively evaluated the cone-beam computed tomography images of patients scheduled for orthodontic treatment at the Universitas Airlangga Dental and Oral Hospital. On cross-sectional cone-beam computed tomography images, the region of interest determination of 5 mm2 in the area was placed in the trabecular bone and the gray value measurements were collected using Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (OnDemand3D™) dental software. The images were categorized by type of impacted canine teeth after assessing the gray values of all the teeth. Using images on the mesial, distal, buccal, and palatal areas, gray values of impacted and non-impacted teeth were compared. We used the SPSS 24 software. Results. From a total of 13 patient radiographs, we found types I (6/13), II (6/13), and VII (1/13). The mean pixel values of impacted maxillary unilateral canine teeth were 1972.92 (mesial), 2016.55 (distal), 1990.66 (buccal), and 1904.39 (palatal). The mean pixel values of normal erupted maxillary canines were 1754.93 (mesial), 1710.53 (distal), 1852.94 (buccal), and 1674.49 (palatal). There were significant differences between impacted and normal erupted maxillary canines: mesial (P = 0.018), distal (P = 0.000), buccal (P = 0.003), and palatal (P = 0.036). Conclusion. There were statistically significant differences between affected and unaffected gray values in the canines in FOV size 51 × 55 mm. However, no statistically significant differences were found in the gray values in trabecular bone of unilateral maxillary impacted canines and normal erupted canines on the mesial, distal, buccal, and palatal sides.

Üst Gömülü Kanin Dişlerin Maksiller Kaide ile İlişkisinin Değerlendirilmesi

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between impacted maxillary canine teeth and maxillary base length.Material-Method: 142 patients (67 males, 75 females; a mean age of 16.34±1.07 years) who were admitted to the Department of Orthodontics of İstanbul Aydın University - Faculty of Dentistry for treatment were included in our study. In the retrospective study, the positions of maxillary canine teeth and their relationship with maxillary base length were examined in detail in cephalometric and panoramic radiographs. Results with p &amp;lt;0.05 were found to be statistically significant.Results: There was no statistically significant correlation was found between gender and canine impaction. Unilaterally impacted upper canines were found to be higher between genders. Palatal plane value of the unilaterally impacted canine group was found to be statistically greater. Significant difference was found between palatal plane variable and impacted canine. No significant difference was found between age and effective midfacial length variables based on canine. Examination of the correlation between effective midfacial length and palatal plane variables revealed a strong positive correlation, which was statistically significant. There was no significant difference between age, effective midfacial length and palatal plane variables in terms of gender.Conclusion: This study is the first to specifically address the relationship of impacted canines with the palatal plane. Therefore, the position of the canines has a major place in the evaluation of their relationship with the adjacent anatomical structures and teeth, especially during treatment planning.

Nasolacrimal duct disease secondary to an unerupted tooth in a dog

AbstractA 5‐year‐old male neutered Lurcher was evaluated for left‐sided epiphora of 4 months’ duration and persistence following topical treatment and nasolacrimal duct irrigation. Physical examination revealed a missing left maxillary canine tooth, and CT dacryocystorhinography showed extrinsic compression of the left lacrimal duct and adjacent nasal turbinates caused by an impacted maxillary canine tooth. Further irrigation was successful in clearing debris from the nasolacrimal duct and temporarily relieving the patient of epiphora; however, surgical extraction of the tooth and radiographic monitoring was declined by the owner. Ophthalmic disorders may be secondary to overlooked dental conditions. This case describes the importance of inspecting the oral cavity as part of a general physical examination when presented with ocular signs, as well as assessing impacted teeth for evidence of pathology, and being aware of sequelae to dental impaction when advising clients on case management.

Evaluation of facial asymmetry by stereophotogrammetry in individuals with unilateral maxillary impacted canine.

The aim of this study is to compare the symmetry of the facial and dentoalveolar structures of patients with unilateral impacted maxillary canine teeth with acontrol group of individuals without impacted teeth using three-dimensional face scans. The study included 28patients (10females, 18males) with unilateral impacted maxillary canine teeth and 28patients (15females, 13males) without any impacted maxillary canine between 12and 25years of age. The 3dMDface™ (3dMD Inc., Atlanta, GA, USA) imaging system was used to obtain 3D face images. 3dMD Vultus® (3dMD Inc., Atlanta, GA, USA) software was used for the measurements. According to the study findings, there were differences in linear measurements and volume measurements between the right and left sides of the face in patients with an impacted canine. However, these differences were not statistically significant. In patients with an impacted canine, surface differences between the right and left halves of the face were not found to be statistically different from the control group. There was no difference in the amount of facial asymmetry between patients with unilateral maxillary impacted canine and patients with normal tooth alignment in the control group.

Gray value measurement for the evaluation of local alveolar bone density around impacted maxillary canine teeth using cone beam computed tomography.

Background To investigate whether any relationship between local alveolar bone density and maxillary canine impaction using gray values from cone beam computed tomography.Material and Methods The cone beam computed tomography images of 151 patients were retrospectively evaluated. Maxillary canine was defined as an impacted tooth when root formation was complete and the patient’s age older than 13 or the other side of the maxillary canine has completely erupted. Similarly, complete eruption was defined as the tooth in its expected occlusion and position. Using the cone beam computed tomography software, the region of interest which was 5 mm2 in area, was placed in the trabecular bone on cross sectional cone beam computed tomography images and the gray value measurements were recorded. After measuring the gray values of all the teeth, the images were grouped according to the field of view size. Comparison of the gray values of impacted and non-impacted teeth was made between images with the same field of view size.Results A total of 151 patients, 101 (66.9%) female and 50 (33.1%) male, were included in the study. The mean age of the patients was 24.94 ±13.9. In images with a 40X40 field of view, the gray values of the impacted canine teeth were higher than the gray values of the non-impacted ones and statistically significant difference was found between them (p=0.003). However no statistically significant difference was found between the gray values of impacted and non-impacted canine teeth in 60x60 and 100x50 field of view (p=0.197, p=0.170, respectively).Conclusions We suggest using the smallest field of view size when evaluating bone density using gray values from cone beam computed tomography images and we support the idea that the local increased bone density may influence on impaction. Key words:Cone-beam computed tomography, tooth, impacted, bone density, maxilla, image processing, computer-assisted.

Klasifikasi impaksi caninus rahang atas pada pemeriksaan radiograf panoramik dan CBCT sebagai penunjang odontomy

Objectives: To assess the difficulty level of dental impaction treatment. This article discusses the problem of odontomy treatment based on the classification of maxillary canine impaction through panoramic radiograph examination and CBCT.&#x0D; Literature Review: Impacted tooth is pathological where the tooth fails to reach its normal functional position. Impaired maxillary canine second order placement after impact of third molars. The location of impacted jaw canine teeth most often occurs in the palatal region with a horizontal position according to the maxillary sinus and nasal cavity so that complications are required during odontomy. &#x0D; Conclusion: Based on this literature study, classification on impacted maxillary canine teeth has been developed based on panoramic (2D) and CBCT (3D) radiography, so thus resulting in a complete classification of impacted maxillary canine teeth and can be used as a predictor of the difficulty level of maxillary canine tooth impaction treatment.

Incidence of impacted maxillary canine teeth in Saudi Arabian subpopulation at central Saudi Arabian region.

Objective: To estimate the incidence of maxillary canine impaction, its location, and mean impaction angle to the occlusal plane. Introduction: The canine teeth are important both aesthetically and functional occlusion. The maxillary canine impaction is genetically linked. Hence, the knowledge of prevalence in the local population is essential. Understanding the location of cuspid impaction is critical to initiate a preventive and therapeutic surgical or orthodontics interventions. Along with other clinical examinations, the impaction angle can also be used to differentiate the impaction location. Material and Methods: A total of 8517 patient's radiographs at the Dental Department of King Abdul Aziz Medical City, Riyadh, were retrospectively evaluated. The age group of the patient included in the study was between 18 and 45 years. The patient's records and radiographs were evaluated to register the impacted maxillary canines, location, and angulation to the occlusal plane. The obtained data were evaluated with SPSS 19 software to analyze the incidence and difference between the genders. Results: Total of 291 patients had the impacted maxillary cuspid. The additional radiograph was available with 44 patient records to further analyze the location of impaction. Among 44 patients, 17(38.64%) were males and 27(61.36%) female subjects. The seven (15.9%) of the cuspids were labially impacted, whereas 37(84.1%) were palatally impacted. The mean impaction angles for labial and palatal impactions were 57.65 and 65.4 degrees, respectively. Conclusions: The majority of canine impaction were palatally placed in comparison to labial impaction. The mean impaction angle of labial impaction is lesser than that of palatal impactions.

Impacted maxillary canines and root resorption of adjacent teeth: A retrospective observational study

BackgroundThe prevalence of impacted maxillary canine is reported to be between 1% and 3%. The lack of monitoring and the delay in the treatment of the impacted canine can cause different complications such as: displacement of adjacent teeth, loss of vitality of neighbouring teeth, shortening of the dental arch, follicular cysts, canine ankylosis, recurrent infections, recurrent pain, internal resorption of the canine and the adjacent teeth, external resorption of the canine and the adjacent teeth, combination of these factors. An appropriate diagnosis, accurate predictive analysis and early intervention are likely to prevent such undesirable effects. The objective is to evaluate, by means of a retrospective observational study, the possibility of carrying out a predictive analysis of root resorption adjacent to the impacted canines by means of orthopantomographs, so as to limit the prescription of additional 3D radiography.Material and Methods120 subjects with unilateral or bilateral maxillary impacted canine were examined and 50 patients with 69 impacted maxillary canine (22 male, 28 female; mean age: 11.7 years) satisfied the inclusion criteria of the study. These patients were subjected to a basic clinical and radiographic investigation (orthopantomographs and computerized tomography). All panoramic films were viewed under standardized conditions for the evaluation of two main variables: maxillary canine angulations (a, b, g angles) and the overlapping between the impacted teeth and the lateral incisor (Analysis of Lindauer). Binary logistic regression was used to estimate the likelihood of resorbed lateral incisors depending on sector location and angle measurements.ResultsResults indicated that b angle has the greatest influence on the prediction of root resorption (predictive value of b angle = 76%). If β angle <18° and Lindauer = I, the probability of resorption is 0.06.ConclusionsEvaluation of b angle and superimposition lateral incisor/impacted canine analysed on orthopantomographs could be one of the evaluation criteria for prescribing second level examination (CT and CTCB) and for detecting root resorption of impacted maxillary canine adjacent teeth. Key words:Impacted canine, root resorption, panoramic radiography, angulation, prediction.

Location and severity of root resorption related to impacted maxillary canines: a cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) evaluation

Abstract Background The present investigation was designed to determine the location and severity of root resorption associated with impacted maxillary canine teeth using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). A secondary aim was to identify possible influencing factors. Methods The radiological reports of 183 patients, radiographed with a small-volume CBCT focussed on the impacted maxillary canine teeth, were assessed. Eighty-five patients had resorption associated with the impaction. The CBCT image datasets were viewed to determine the location and severity of the lesions. Results A total of 110 impacted maxillary canine teeth resorbed 120 adjacent teeth, including 14 premolars and one permanent molar. The apical third and palatal surface were commonly involved. Fifty per cent of the resorptive lesions were mild, 20% moderate and 30% severe. There was no significant relation between age or gender on the number, location or severity of resorption. There was a statistically significant correlation between the number of impacted canine teeth and the number of teeth resorbed, as well as the tooth type and the surface involved in the resorption. Conclusions All root levels and surfaces of teeth associated with impacted maxillary canine teeth can be resorbed to different levels of severity. Neither age nor gender influences the number, location or severity of the resorption.

Reliability of single panoramic radiograph with vertical and horizontal parallax; and intraoral periapical radiograph with Clark′s rule compared to computed tomography/surgical exposure in localization of impacted permanent maxillary canine

Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate an accurate, inexpensive and low-radiation conventional radiograph suitable for localization of impacted maxillary permanent canine. Materials and Methods: The study comprised 38 subjects in the age group of 13-50 years of both the genders with 50 impacted canines. Panoramic radiographs (OPGs) (on which Chaushu et al. criteria was applied) and intraoral periapical radiographs (IOPARs) (on which Clark's rule was applied) of the subjects were made and the accuracy of the above two radiographic techniques were compared with computed tomography (CT) axial sections or with surgical exposure, which was considered as the standard guide for localization of impacted maxillary permanent canine. The data obtained was tabulated and subjected to statistical analysis using the statistical package for SAS software. Results: Localization of impacted maxillary permanent canine tooth done with SLOB (Same Lingual Opposite Buccal)/Clark's rule technique could predict the bucco-palatal canine impactions in 98% of cases. OPG using differential magnification index could predict location only in 68% of bucco-palatal canine impactions and in 72% based on vertical position. Conclusion: In 68% of cases the bucco-lingual position of the canine in OPG (by magnification index) coincided with the location as per CT/surgical exposure. In 98% of cases localization with SLOB technique coincided with CT/surgical exposure. 72% of cases showed coincidence with vertical position of the canine on OPG with CT/surgical exposure. IOPARs taken with SLOB technique are more accurate than OPGs for localization of impacted permanent maxillary canine teeth.

Clinical importance of incidental findings reported on small-volume dental cone beam computed tomography scans focused on impacted maxillary canine teeth.

To investigate the clinical importance of incidental findings reported for small-volume cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans of impacted maxillary canine teeth. Radiology reports of CBCT examinations performed as part of diagnosis and treatment planning for impacted or ectopically erupting maxillary canine teeth for 183 consecutive patients were assessed retrospectively. The scans were obtained with a small-volume unit (3 D Accuitomo 80) with a field of view that was either 40× 40 or 60× 60 mm. The findings were graded according to their clinical importance as low, intermediate, or high. Three hundred and forty incidental findings were reported. One of the incidental findings was of high importance (0.3%), 97 were of intermediate importance (28.5%), and 242 were of low importance or anatomic variant (71.1%). Incidental findings reported on small-dimension CBCT scans of impacted maxillary canine teeth rarely require immediate attention; nonetheless, 28.8% would require follow-up.