Impact Of The Arab Spring Research Articles

Does Arab spring have a spillover effect on Dubai financial market?

In the wake of a dramatic political change, such as the so-called “Arab Spring”, the associated ramifications on the stock markets, especially the regional ones, are questionable. This study examines the impact of the Arab spring on the returns and volatility of a financial market in a stable neighboring country. Specifically, we contribute to the extant literature by investigating the spillover effect of the regional turmoil on Dubai Financial Market (DFM). Due to the domino-effect-like political changes, a major Arab Spring event is defined by the shocking regime change in Egypt during the period between the departure of the former and long-lasted Egyptian president Hosni Mubarak on February 11 th , 2011, and conducting the parliamentary elections there on November 30 th , 2011. Both the volatility and returns of DFM are examined around the identified period. We employ the daily returns of seven indices at DFM for the period between January 1 st , 2008 and December 31 st , 2012 using GARCH model to analyze the effects of Arab Spring sparking in the region on volatility and returns. Moreover, we use Event Study method to examine the effect of the dramatic political change on the stock market returns. The findings of the study reveal that the volatility of the overall DFM has not been impacted except for two indices at DFM; Transportation and Telecommunications. The results remain robust when TGARCH model is run. Further, the Event Study results suggest that the Arab Spring has not affected the returns of any of the DFM indices during the above period since both the cumulative abnormal returns (CAR) and the cumulative average abnormal returns (CAAR) are insignificant. There are implications to the regulators, the current and potential international and local investors and portfolio managers who are interested in DFM.

US Policy toward Africa in the Post-Cold War Period

U.S.–Africa Relations: From Clinton to Obama. Edited by Cassandra Rachel Veney. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2014. 226 pp., $85.00 hardcover (ISBN-13: 978-0-7391-9003-6). Through eight essays rich in empirical detail and focused on various aspects of US–Africa relations, this volume explores changes and continuities in this relationship from 1992 to the first term of the Obama administration in the United States. The volume is an interdisciplinary exploration of conventional and unconventional topics in US–Africa relations, the latter represented by two excellent essays: Mugabane's essay on alterity and coevalness in African-American celebrity philanthropy in Africa, and Zeleza's account of the role of the African diaspora in the United States in shaping US–Africa relations. The other six essays tackle the somewhat more familiar but still important topics of democracy promotion in Africa, American economic and security interests in the continent, its relations with regional great powers, its role in African conflicts, and the impact of the Arab Spring on American interests in North Africa. This is a timely contribution to the study of the international relations of Africa. The impact of rapid economic growth in parts of the continent, the impact of the 9/11 attacks on American security interests, democratization in Africa, and the Arab Spring revolutions, as well as the changes in the African diaspora, call for close examination and are important cornerstones of many of the arguments presented in this volume. The emphasis of most of the essays in the volume, however, is on continuities rather than change in US–Africa …

The Impact of the Arab Spring on the Gulf Cooperation Council

It is apposite to interrogate the notion of ‘monarchical exceptionalism’ when testing the idea that the ‘Arab Spring’ has not affected the so-called ‘ruling bargain’ in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC). The Arab Spring élan is presented in this paper as the sole dynamic with attributes of ‘exceptionalism’. It constitutes a moment of history that continues to rock the decaying pan-Arab body politic to its foundations, be it in varying degrees. It may be argued that there is an undeniable ‘Arab Spring effect’, which has unleashed a largely uncontrollable chain of events, stimulating or setting in motion the idea of change, civic and/or unruly. From this perspective, the Arab Spring can best be labelled as ‘midwife’ to all kinds of aspiring actors, forces, voices and discourses whose quest for change had been put on the back burner when the uprisings erupted in 2011. States are no exception. To elaborate on this line of argument, a twofold analytical agenda is followed. Firstly, change is contextualized, before and after the Arab Spring, addressing how politics is organized in the Arab region. Secondly, the GCC's ‘story’ with the Arab Spring is disaggregated, with special reference to Qatar's bold new politics.

Arab Spring impact on executive education in Egypt

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to study the impact of the Arab Spring on public administration programs in Egypt, with a special focus on executive education programs. Design/methodology/approach – The study draws on stakeholder analysis, and uses both primary and secondary data. Findings – The author describes the impact of the Arab Spring on executive education in Egypt and methods of dealing with the crises. Research limitations/implications – Egypt is still in a phase of transition, which implies further changes are likely to occur in the current situation, which may be worthy of further study. Originality/value – This study provides an overview of the challenges to executive education in Egypt during its transitional period with an overview of the underlying opportunities.

The Impact of the Arab Spring at an Egyptian University: A Personal Experience

The Egyptian Revolution on January 25—part of the 2011 Arab Spring—and the consequent June 30, 2013 Revolution have marked important turning points in the history of modern Egypt. The curricula and courses offered by Egyptian universities, as well as their academic activities and employment structure, have been greatly affected by these momentous events. Furthermore, the revolutions have opened wider territory of freedom and emboldened both staff members and students. This paper attempts answer questions related the changes that have occurred with regard the university courses, activities and structures. The paper additionally seeks explore Egypt's future and the possible ways that its people will defend and retain their dearly earned freedom. The paper is based on the writer’s personal experience as an associate professor in the English Department and in the Faculty of Education at Alexandria University. The paper is further influenced by the writer's experiences as an elected member of the committee that observed—after twenty years of appointment by the National Security Department—the new elections for deans and heads of departments; the same committee also moderated debates among the candidates for these posts. As teacher, I started new course on revolutionary literature—which I personally designed and taught—and another on politics and media in collaboration with colleague. From 2011 onward, I have linked and adjusted the materials of mandatory courses, American Studies, 18th Century English Novel and Contemporary Novel our revolutions and current events. I constructed holistic courses by using the three domains of learning: the cognitive, the affective and the psychomotor. The paper will discuss the way I used Bloom and Krathwohl taxonomies in combination with other methods cover these domains. This has made the courses more authentic and livelier the learners, encouraging them, quote Paulo Freire, to assume …the role of creative subjects and creating a relationship of authentic dialogue between teacher and students (5). The articles and texts I use, as well as the students' assignments and feedback, will be included in the paper as empirical materials.

Arab-Israeli conflict: the essential reference guide

Truly an essential reference for today's world, this detailed introduction to the origins, events, and impact of the adversarial relationship between Arabs and Israelis illuminates the complexities and the consequences of this long-lasting conflict. * Provides a comprehensive overview of one of the most complex conflicts in modern times, clarifying its causes and consequences * Inspires critical thinking through perspective essays on topics related to the conflict that generate wide-spread debate * Takes into account events such as the impact of the Arab Spring and the ongoing negotiations with Iran over its nuclear capabilities * Offers valuable insights into the backgrounds and philosophies of the leaders on both sides who have helped defined the Arab-Israeli conflict

Determinants of Attitude Toward Political Parties in Palestine: The effect of the Egyptian Revolution on supporters of Fatah and Hamas

For the Palestinians, what is the impact of the Arab Spring? The revolution not only dislodged Mubarak from the presidency, but also changed Egyptian policy regarding Palestinians in Gaza. New Egyptian diplomacy has encouraged Hamas and Fatah, which had been in dispute, to seek reconciliation and has loosened the border control on humanitarian grounds. We focus on Palestinian voting attitudes in the wake of the Arab Spring. Despite the vast quantity of literature written about Palestinian politics since the first decade of the millennium, we know little about the determinants of Palestinian attitudes toward the divided governments in the West Bank and the Gaza Strip. The Fatah government, in the West Bank, increased in popularity after submitting a request for UN recognition of Palestinian statehood. In Gaza, the Hamas government lost popularity because of mismanagement but won support through the success of its prisoner swap deal with Israel. However, evaluation of the ruling party does not depend only on one-time events. This research attempts to measure the impact of policy change in Gaza after the Arab Spring. We provide an account of our research on Palestinian attitudes toward the divided governments based on two sets of the original survey data conducted in May 2009 and June 2012. The paper sheds light on Palestinian attitudes and makes clear the effects of "democratization" in the Middle East and the effects of regional context factors on the occupied Palestinians.

Arab Spring vs. Zero Problems Policy Impact of the Arab Spring on the Trade Expansion of Turkey

Although Turkey has historically concentrated its trade with the European Union (EU) it has diversified its trade markets with the neighbouring regions and different group of countries during the last decade. Among them, Arab countries have come into prominence. Especially, following the “zero problems with neighbours” policy (ZPN), pursued by Turkey since 2002, the trade volume with the Middle Eastern neighbours has increased faster than that with its traditional partners. Nevertheless so called “Arab Spring” has started to manifest its effects on this trend. It deteriorates not only the economies of the concerned countries but also Turkey’s trade expansion. This paper aims: (i) to test through a gravity model the positive impacts of the ZPN policy and the negative impact of the Arab Spring on the trade expansion with the Spring Countries; and (ii) to reveal the positive impact of the policy change and the negative impact of the uprising movements on the realization of trade potential by Turkey in the Spring Countries.

The Tourism Industry and the Process of Internationalization in the Middle East: The Example of Jordan

SUMMARYOngoing internationalization processes have resulted in significant changes on the supply side in many fields of the economy and specifically in tourism. Although the scientific discourse is working hard to keep pace with these rapid changes, there is nevertheless a considerable deficit in research on the problems and risks as well as the potential and opportunities associated with intensifying processes of internationalization. This paper focuses on the internationalization process of small and medium‐sized tourism enterprises (SMTEs) in the Middle East, specifically in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, which continues to be a tourist destination for Westerners in spite of major political and other crises. Internationalization of SMTEs is a complex process, and studies that take a more holistic view of this phenomenon are needed. This paper will therefore attempt to investigate the internationalization process in Jordan from a problem‐centred perspective and to critically examine and discuss it on the basis of comments made by leading actors in the Jordanian tourism business. The thus gained insights should help to reduce the still existing theoretical deficits in the study of the internationalization process. Particularly, the impact of the Arab Spring on the Jordanian tourism market must be included in a critical assessment. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Long Memory Properties in Return and Volatility: An Application of the Impact of Arab Spring in Turkey Financial Market

The Arab Spring which began on 17 December 2010 with the civil rebellions, revolutionary wave of demonstrations and protests in the Tunisia, Egypt, Libya, Yemen, Bahrain and Syria. The Arab Spring not only created a domino effect between Arabic countries but also it reflected a significant influence on the financial markets all over the world. The objective of this study is to analyze the impact of the Arab Spring in Turkey Financial Market in consideration of long memory. Long memory can be defined as the persistence of the unexpected shocks on the underlying has long lasting effects. Modeling long memory in stock returns and volatility has also attracted great deal of attention from finance literature recently. Existence of long memory is determined both for the returns and volatility of the time series by using different methods. Existence of long memory can be tested by Rescaled Range Statistics (R/S), Geweke and Porter-Hudak (GPH) Model and Gaussian Semi Parametric (GSP) Method. In consequence of these tests, if the stock returns have long memory affect then respectively Fractionally Integrated Autoregressive Moving Average Model (ARFIMA) and the Fractionally Integrated Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (FIGARCH) model are used to detect the long memory in respectively return and volatility. In this study, the impact of the Arab Spring is investigated by modeled the long memory in Istanbul Stock Exchange using ISE 30 index prices in between December 17, 2010 and April 02, 2012.

Is the New Middle East Stuck in Its Sectarian Past? The Unspoken Dimension of the “Arab Spring”

This article focuses on the impact of the Arab Spring on pre-existing societal cleavages, specifically analyzing its impact on Sunni-Shiite relations. How have Sunni-Shiite relationships been reshaped by the ongoing social protests? Is there a rise in the inter-religious tensions among Sunni and Shiite communities across the region? And, if that is the case, what are the implications of this trend on both the region's potential for democratization, as well as on its overall stability and security?

The Impact of the Arab Spring on Islamist Strategies

The revolutions in Tunisia and Egypt created a contagion effect that inspired a series of uprisings by sending two signals: first, that even entrenched authoritarian regimes are vulnerable; and second, that nonviolent tactics can be effective in bringing about dramatic political changes. Subsequent developments, especially in Libya and Syria, convoluted these messages. Nonetheless, the political openings and the electoral victory of Islamists in Egypt and Tunisia continue to send the signal to many Islamist opposition groups that nonviolent means and participation in politics can be effective ways to produce political change. The chance of gaining power through electoral means can give Islamists strong incentives to join in the demands for democratic institutions and change their stance towards political participation. The appeal of nonviolent tactics, however, is undermined when external threats surpass domestic considerations. When the primary concern of the public is about outside threats and the main enemy is external rather than a domestic despot, the impact of the Arab Spring on views regarding the efficacy of nonviolent tactics is diminished. Similarly, when an Islamic group is primarily concerned with the "far enemy," the incentives for moderation offered by political participation are undermined.

The impact of the Arab spring on the oil and gas industry in North Africa – a preliminary assessment

In 2011, popular movements toppled the leaders of Tunisia, Egypt, and Libya. These uprisings are likely to have a short- and long-term impact on these societies with global ramifications. This study focuses on Egypt and Libya and highlights how the oil and gas industry in these two North African countries has been impacted by political upheavals. Specifically, I examine the impact on production, consumption, shipping, and investment.

Repositioning the GCC States in the Changing Global Order

This article examines the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) states' changing position within a global order itself in a state of flux following the global financial and economic crisis and a regional order facing the participatory pressures of the Arab Spring. It explores the nature of their engagement in reshaping international institutions and assesses the implications for structures of global governance. The paper investigates the internationalisation of the GCC states through deepening interdependencies with a multiplicity of external actors. Emerging ties of mutual interest revolve around more than just hydrocarbons, and the paper examines the role of food security in these new relationships. Finally, the paper assesses the impact of the Arab Spring on regional security and future trends in the Gulf States' policy making at local, regional and international levels.