Impact Of Structural Adjustment Research Articles

Assessing the Impact of Structural Adjustment on Prospects for Democracy in the “Third World”

Assessing the Impact of Structural Adjustment on Prospects for Democracy in the “Third World”

A new approach to developing institutional structure

This article describes an approach developed to assess the institutional capacity of whole governments. It discusses the evolving context in Latin America and the Caribbean for public sector reforms and the impact of structural adjustment and globalization on international agency policies on the issue. It reviews national and sectoral organizational networks, the profile of a modern public administration, and the definition of public management horizontal and vertical systems; explains how integration of horizontal management system reforms is attained at the ministry level, and addresses the issue of performance management and use of an elite managerial and technical corps. Finally, it describes techniques used to plan changes in strategies.

Shifting the Imbalance: The Impact of Structural Adjustment on Rural-Urban Population Movements in Northern Nigeria

This paper attempts to draw out some of the major historical and policy determinants of rural-urban migration dynamics by outlining their history in northern Nigeria. This is followed by an analysis of the impact of crisis and adjustment on urban incomes and terms of trade on rural income generation and on the operation of rural-urban social networks. The evidence from recent fieldwork in various parts of northern Nigeria is then drawn together to suggest the emerging patterns of rural-urban population movements in the context of the Structural Adjustment Plan (SAP) and the implications of these new trends for economic development and social stability in Nigeria. Overall the adjustment of rural-urban migration patterns under SAP has reinforced tension and disequilibria within and between rural and urban areas. While urban areas have benefited from investments rural areas have suffered depletion thereby widening the gap of incomes and basic facilities between the two areas. The reversal of rural-urban terms of trade under SAP has not improved income distribution but rather has tended to contribute to the further economic marginalization of both low-income urban dwellers and small-scale farmers. SAP has increasingly undermined rather than promoted the tendency of internal population movements to contribute to the emergence of stable frameworks for economic development and democratic collective action.

The impact of structural adjustment and property rights conflicts on Nicaraguan Agrarian reform beneficiaries

In Nicaragua, structural adjustment policies under the new government have led to sharply reduced agricultural producer credit and tighter conditions for its use. Along with conflicts over property rights that emerged from the Sandinista era land confiscations, the effect has been to speed a process of parceling and land sales among the population of agrarian reform beneficiaries which was the main recipient of redistributed lands. Faced with imperfect capital markets and tenure uncertainty, small-scale producers have resorted to distress sales of their parcels that could lead to a restratification of land ownership patterns.

The Impact of Structural Adjustment on the Population of Africa: The Implications for Education, Health, and Employment

The Impact of Structural Adjustment on the Population of Africa: The Implications for Education, Health, and Employment

ARE BETTER OFF HOUSEHOLDS MORE UNEQUAL OR LESS UNEQUAL?

In many parts of the world, resources within a household are apparently not distributed according to need. Using a model of intrahousehold bargaining, this paper first tries to answer the question: As households become better off, does intrahousehold inequality increase or decrease? It finds that under certain conditions intrahousehold inequality first increases and then decreases. The debate on intrahousehold inequality is entwined with policy questions about the efficacy of targeting individual disadvantaged members of a household, as opposed to poor households in general. The paper found that anintrahousehold bargaining view tends to support targeting to disadvantaged members of the household, because of bargaining power effects. The bargaining framework also gives support for the concern that some observers have expressed about the impact of structural adjustment on intra-household inequality. When cash crops are predominantly under male control and food crops are primarily a female preserve, improving the relative price of cash crops can worsen intrahousehold inequality.

The Impact of Structural Adjustment on the Population of Africa: the implications for education, health and employment edited by Aderanti Adepoju London, James Currey; Portsmouth, Heinemann; in association with United Nations Population Fund, 1993. Pp. xii + 148. £35.00. £9.95 paperback.

The Impact of Structural Adjustment on the Population of Africa: the implications for education, health and employment edited by Aderanti Adepoju London, James Currey; Portsmouth, Heinemann; in association with United Nations Population Fund, 1993. Pp. xii + 148. £35.00. £9.95 paperback. - Volume 32 Issue 1

The Impact of Structural Adjustment on the Population of Africa: The Implications for Education, Health and Employment.

Introduction by A. Adepoju - Ghana by Nii Kwaku Sowa - Ken ya by F.M. Mwega & J.W. Kabubo - Sierra Leone by J.W. Elliot - Senegal by K. Kane - Zambia by I. Mwanawina - Emp loyment in Nigeria by T. Fashoyin - Health in Nigeria by D . Poopola - Education in Nigeria by T.O. Fadayomi - Malawi by C. Chipeta - Cameroon by W.A. Ndongko - Zaire by M. Lu tutala, M. Kintambu & M. Mvudi

Socio-economic Development Funds to Mitigate the Social Costs of Adjustment: Experiences in Three Countries

The social dimension of structural adjustment, or how adjustment affects the well-being of the poor has received much attention recently. Since 1987 the operational guidelines of the World Bank have required reports supporting structural adjustment loans to analyse the short-term impact of the adjustment on the urban and rural poor and to pay attention to measures to alleviate negative effects of structural adjustment. In the next section an overview of possible measures to address the likely adverse social impact of structural adjustment will be given. In this article we will single out one particular instrument, namely the Socio-economic Development Funds. This approach has first been tried in Bolivia in 1986. It involved the creation of a Socio-economic Development Fund which seeks to improve the living conditions of the poor through financing small grass roots development projects. Such a fund would finance quickdisbursing, labour intensive infrastructural and social projects, which provide opportunities for members of poor families to earn some additional income. The experience in Bolivia will be compared with similar efforts to launch Socio-economic Development Funds in Guyana and Jordan to determine the conditions of success of these funds.