Impact Of Specific Changes Research Articles

Factors Affecting Internet Financial Reporting Disclosure to Provincial Governments In Indonesia

Internet financial reporting is important because people are now geographically spread across different regions and countries. Disclosure with traditional paper-based methods has the disadvantage of limited time for filing. In the current era of globalization, Indonesian people can live in any region or country, so using internet financial reporting methods for information disclosure is available on the official government website and can be done at any time. This study aims to test or measure the impact of specific changes to existing assumptions or hypotheses, in this study are factors that affect the disclosure of internet financial reporting, where the variables used are the size of local government, regional expenditure, local original income and audit opinions on internet financial reporting in Indonesia. The type of research used in this research is quantitative research. Based on the results of research and discussion in this study, the conclusion that can be obtained based on the research variables used is that the size of local government does not affect Internet Financial Reporting which means that the size or size of local government has not been able to encourage local governments to publish financial information on local governments.

TESTING THE MARKET EFFICIENCY WHEN INTEREST RATES CHANGE: CASE IN INDONESIA

Until the end of September 2023, the interest rate policy in the Republic of Indonesia shifted from 3.50% to 5.75%. The objective of this study is to examine whether changes in interest rates have an impact on the market efficiency in Indonesia. The daily market returns of Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) indices from January 3rd, 2022, until October 9th, 2023 are employed. To examine the market efficiency in weak form, this study conducts the normality test by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, the unit root problem test by Augmented Dickey-Fuller test, and the variance ratio test. This study finds that most market indices experienced a decline in returns and were less volatile when interest rates shifted to higher levels. This study also finds that most market indices tend to remain efficient in weak form at both low and high interest rates. The finding implies that those indices tend not to be influenced by policy changes in interest rates. However, the findings also show that several market indices experience changes in conditions when interest rates shift. As the studies on the relationship between changes in interest rates and market efficiency are scarce, the novelty of this study is the use of event windows to get specific impact of changes in interest rates on market efficiency.

Population economic function model based on data mining algorithm

Population structure changes interact with economic development, moderate population and reasonable population structure are important guarantees for sustainable social and economic development. The research ignores the specific impact of the change of population age structure on economic growth, and proposes and establishes a population economic function model based on data mining algorithm. Based on the changes of population structure in Liaoning Province in the past 20 years, Grey correlation analysis method is selected. The analysis shows that there is a close relationship between population structure and economic growth. Based on this research, the econometric method is used to construct a multiple linear regression model to further analyze the specific impact of population structure changes on economic growth. The analysis results show that the total population of urban areas, the total number of employed people in the primary industry, the number of middle school students per 10,000 people, and the total number of employed people in the tertiary industry are the four most significant demographic indicators for the per capita GDP of the study area. There is a significant positive correlation between the total number of employed people in the tertiary industry and per capita GDP and there is a significant negative correlation between the total number of employed people in the primary industry and the number of middle school students per capita and per capita GDP. The impact of other indicators on per capita GDP is not significant. According to the conclusion, countermeasures and suggestions to ease population structure change and promote the coordinated development of population and economy in the study area are put forward.

How Technological Innovation Influences Environmental Pollution: Evidence from China

Technological innovation has an important impact on environmental pollution. In this paper, first, we analyze the influence mechanism of technological innovation on environmental pollution and then design the index system of technological innovation. Then, we use the entropy method to calculate the technological innovation level of different regions in China based on provincial panel data from 2004 to 2016. Finally, the panel vector autoregression model (PVAR) is adopted, and taking the discharge of sewage, solid waste, and exhaust gas as the research objects, the impact of technological innovation on them is empirically analyzed. The results show that China’s technological innovation level is steadily improving, but there are significant differences in the impact of technological innovation on wastewater, waste gas, and solid waste. Specifically, technological innovation can contribute to an increase in wastewater and solid waste emissions. However, the impact of this technological innovation on them is not equal. Secondly, the impact of technological innovation on exhaust emissions is to inhibit exhaust emissions in the short term and promote exhaust emissions in the long term. Finally, there are clear differences between them in terms of the specific impact of changes in wastewater, solid waste, and exhaust emissions. Changes in wastewater discharges and solid waste generation are largely derived from their own effects, while the role of technological innovation is supportive and insignificant. The change in exhaust emissions is initially influenced by itself, but in the long run, the influence of technological innovation gradually increases and eventually exceeds its own influence. Based on these research results, this paper puts forward corresponding policy suggestions to speed up environmental pollution control.

Correlations between molecular structure and biological activity in "logical series" of dietary chromone derivatives

The research was conducted in the “logical series” of seven ligands: chromone, flavone, 3-hydroxyflavone, 3,7-dihydroxyflavone, galangin, kaempferol and quercetin. Each subsequent ligand differs from the previous one, among others by an additional hydroxyl group. The studied chromone derivatives are plant secondary metabolites which play an important role in growth, reproduction, and resistance to pathogens. They are important food ingredients with valuable pro-health properties. The studies of the relationships between their molecular structure and biological activity facilitate searching for new chemical compounds with important biological properties not by trial and error, but concerning the impact of specific changes in their structure on the compound properties. Therefore several pectroscopic methods (FT-IR, FT-Raman, 1H and 13C NMR) were applied to study the molecular structure of the compounds in the series. Moreover the quantum-chemical calculations at B3LYP/6-311++G** were performed to obtained the theoretical NMR spectra, NBO atomic charge, global reactivity descriptors and thermodynamic parameters. The antioxidant activity of the compounds was tested in the DPPH and FRAP assays and the mechanism of antioxidant activity was discussed based on the results on theoretical calculations. The cytotoxicity of the ligands toward human epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma Caco2 cells was estimated and correlated with the lipophilicity of the compounds. The principal component analyses (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis were used to study the dependency between the molecular structure of ligands and their biological activity. The experimental data were related to the theoretical ones. The found regular changes in physicochemical properties correlated well with the systematic changes in antioxidant and biological properties.

Thinking about Your Future: Nursing in the 21st Century

Successful preparation for the future requires strategic exploration--"what you do before you plan." Scouting the future involves quickness, sampling rather than exhaustive examination, and qualitative information that will enhance leaders' decision making. Strategic exploration requires skills in monitoring trends, innovations, and paradigm shifts (TIPS); examining the long-term implications of those elements; examining the impact of specific changes; and creating visions based on what we have learned.

Functional characterization of the guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) motif of GIV protein reveals a threshold effect in signaling

Heterotrimeric G proteins are critical signal-transducing molecules controlled by a complex network of regulators. GIV (a.k.a. Girdin) is a unique component of this network and a nonreceptor guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) that functions via a signature motif. GIV's GEF motif is involved in the regulation of critical biological processes such as phosphoinositide 3 kinase (PI3K)-Akt signaling, actin cytoskeleton remodeling, cell migration, and cancer metastasis. Here we investigated how the GEF function of GIV affects the wiring of its signaling pathway to shape different biological responses. Using a structure-guided approach, we designed a battery of GIV mutants with different Gαi-binding and -activating properties and used it to dissect the specific impact of changes in GIV's GEF activity on several cellular responses. In vivo signaling assays revealed a threshold effect of GEF activity for the activation of Akt by GIV in different cell lines and by different stimuli. Akt signaling is minimal at low GEF activity and is sharply increased to reach a maximum above a threshold of GEF activity, suggesting that GIV is a critical signal amplifier and that activation of Akt is ultrasensitive to changes in GIV's GEF activity. A similar threshold dependence was observed for other biological functions promoted by GIV such as remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton and cell migration. This functional characterization of GIV's GEF motif provides insights into the molecular interactions between nonreceptor GEFs and G proteins and the mechanisms that govern this signal transduction pathway.

Infectious disease aerobiology: miasma incarnate

Infectious disease aerobiology: miasma incarnate

Business model dynamics and innovation: (re)establishing the missing linkages

PurposeThis paper aims to discuss the need to dynamize the existing conceptualization of business model, and proposes a new typology to distinguish different types of business model change.Design/methodology/approachThe paper integrates basic insights of innovation, business process and routine research into the concept of business model. The main focus of the paper is on strategic and terminological issues.FindingsThe paper offers a new, process‐based conceptualization of business model, which recognizes and integrates the role of individual agency. Based on this, it distinguishes and specifies four different types of business model change: business model creation, extension, revision, and termination. Each type of business model change is associated with specific challenges.Practical implicationsThe proposed typology can serve as a basis for developing a management tool to evaluate the impact of specific changes to a firm's business model. Such a tool would be particularly useful in identifying path dependencies and resistance at the process level, and would therefore allow a firm's management to take focused action on this in advance.Originality/valueThe paper makes two main contributions: first, it offers a new, process‐based conceptualization of business models; second, it is the first paper to establish a direct link between business model change and the degree of innovation (such as “incremental” vs “radical”), and which distinguishes and specifies different types of business model change.

Attentional distraction reduces the affective but not the sensory dimension of perceived dyspnea

The perception of dyspnea shows many similarities to the perception of pain. Both are multidimensional processes, which are not only influenced by sensory input but also by nonsensory factors like attention. Recent research has suggested that attentional distraction might reduce the perception of dyspnea but results are conflicting. Furthermore, the specific impact of attentional distraction on the distinct dimensions of perceived dyspnea has not been studied yet. Therefore, the present study examined the specific impact of changes in the attentional focus on the sensory and affective dimension of perceived dyspnea. Dyspnea was induced in forty-four healthy volunteers (mean age: 27.7 years, range: 18-47 years) by breathing through an inspiratory resistive load (3.57 kPa/L/s), while attention was directed either to breathing or distracted by reading texts. Inspiratory time (T(i)) and breathing frequency (f) were measured continuously. After each condition the experienced intensity (i.e., sensory dimension) and unpleasantness (i.e., affective dimension) of dyspnea were rated on separate visual analog scales (VAS), presented in randomized order. ANOVAs showed that attentional distraction during loaded breathing reduced the perceived unpleasantness of dyspnea (P<0.05), while the perceived intensity of dyspnea as well as T(i) and f remained unchanged. The results show that attentional distraction reduces the affective, but not the sensory dimension of induced dyspnea in healthy volunteers. Future studies are needed to clarify whether attentional distraction can effectively be used as intervention technique for reducing the unpleasant aspects of dyspnea in different patients groups.

Free Riders Among the Rent-Seekers: A Model of Firm Participation in Antidumping Petitions

This research expands upon the current theoretical literature on the political economy of trade policy by empirically estimating the degree of rent-seeking in the presence of free riding. The results provide strong evidence that the level of trade protection awarded to industries is significantly influenced by political factors, including the number of firms that actively participate in a collective action. However, fewer firms participate in collective actions in industries characterized by either a large number of firms or high concentration levels because the free rider problem becomes more severe. I estimate a model of firm participation in antidumping petitions using a panel of U.S. petition filings and outcomes between 1980 and 1996. After estimating the parameters of the model, I simulate the impact of specific changes in U.S. antidumping law and find that even small changes in the private returns to participating in this rent-seeking activity will dramatically change the level of trade protection in the economy.

Impact of specification changes on chloride-induced corrosion service life of bridge decks

A model was developed to determine the time to first repair and to subsequently rehabilitate concrete bridge decks exposed to chloride deicer salts. Said model incorporates the statistical nature of factors affecting the corrosion process. The time to first repair and rehabilitate was predicted for 10 bridge decks built in Virginia between 1981 and 1994. The model was validated using historical service life data for 129 bridge decks built in Virginia between 1968 and 1972. The time for rehabilitation predicted for the newer set of bridge decks was approximately 13 years longer than the normalized time for rehabilitation projected for the older bridge decks. The increase in time for rehabilitation for the newer set of bridge decks was attributed to a reduction in the specified maximum water/cement ratio and increase in clear cover depth. The probabilistic model is shown to be an advancement over the deterministic model currently in use.

Influence of alkalinity on the hydraulic conductivity of bentonite-sand liners

The aim of this research is to record the impact of specific changes in the molding water alkalinity on the hydraulic conductivity of a compacted bentonite-sand mixture. Adding alkalinity to the molding water influences the charge density existing on the clay particles. This can increase the amount of separation of the bentonite particles which causes a decrease in the hydraulic conductivity of the compacted mixture. At the optimum alkalinity the mixture possesses the smallest hydraulic conductivity. In this research an optimum alkalinity (pH=10.1) for a compacted bentonite-sand mixture (7.5% bentonite) was derived from the liquid limit test and the falling-head permeability test.

Influence of alkalinity on the hydraulic conductivity of bentonite-sand liners

The aim of this research is to record the impact of specific changes in the molding water alkalinity on the hydraulic conductivity of a compacted bentonite-sand mixture. Adding alkalinity to the molding water influences the charge density existing on the clay particles. This can increase the amount of separation of the bentonite particles which causes a decrease in the hydraulic conductivity of the compacted mixture. At the optimum alkalinity the mixture possesses the smallest hydraulic conductivity. In this research an optimum alkalinity (pH=10.1) for a compacted bentonite-sand mixture (7.5% bentonite) was derived from the liquid limit test and the falling-head permeability test.

Willingness to provide care to AIDS patients in Ohio nursing homes.

Results of a mail survey of long term care facilities in Ohio regarding willingness to consider admission of AIDS patients are presented. The objective of the study was to examine the relationship between a variety of organizational and respondent factors and the willingness of the facility to admit AIDS patients. In addition, the impact of specific changes on willingness to admit AIDS patients, the concerns of administrators, and suggested alternatives for the care of AIDS patients were examined. Findings indicate that about 11 percent of responding long term care facilities would consider admission of AIDS patients. No organizational or respondent characteristics were associated with greater likelihood of considering admission of AIDS patients. About 25% of respondents indicated their facility would consider admission of AIDS patients if specific facility or reimbursement changes were made. The major concerns of respondents if AIDS patients were admitted were loss of staff and worry that current residents would leave the facility. About sixty percent of respondents indicated their preferred choice for providing care to AIDS patients was separate long term care facilities for AIDS patients. The implications for public policy information based on these findings are discussed.

The Specification of Partial Static Equilibrium Models

In conducting an investigation into the specification of partial static equilibrium factor demand models, this paper isolates: (1) the endogeneity of output and quasi-fixed factor levels; (2) the choice of omitted share equation; and (3 ) the presence of serial correlation (when using time series data) as the specification issues that most affect the existing empirical literature. The impact of specification changes are studied via a series of experiments conducted on an illustrative data set and are found to have significant effects on: parameter estimates and model diagnostics; departures between observed and full equilibrium levels of quasi- fixed factors; and price elasticities. As a consequence, caveats must be attached to several previous studies and care must be taken by future researchers in addressing using such models. Copyright 1987 by MIT Press.