Impact Of Socioeconomic Development Research Articles

Global, regional, and national health inequalities of Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease in 204 countries, 1990–2019

BackgroundAlzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD), pose growing global health challenges. Socio-demographic and economic development acts paradoxically, complicating the process that determines how governments worldwide designate policies and allocate resources for healthcare.MethodsWe extracted data on ADRD and PD in 204 countries from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 database. Health disparities were estimated using the slope index of inequality (SII), and concentration index (CIX) based on the socio-demographic index. Estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) were employed to evaluate temporal trends.ResultsGlobally, the SII increased from 255.4 [95% confidence interval (CI), 215.2 to 295.5)] in 1990 to 559.3 (95% CI, 497.2 to 621.3) in 2019 for ADRD, and grew from 66.0 (95% CI, 54.9 to 77.2) in 1990 to 132.5 (95% CI, 118.1 to 147.0) in 2019 for PD; CIX rose from 33.7 (95% CI, 25.8 to 41.6) in 1990 to 36.9 (95% CI, 27.8 to 46.1) in 2019 for ADRD, and expanded from 22.2 (95% CI, 21.3 to 23.0) in 1990 to 29.0 (95% CI, 27.8 to 30.3) in 2019 for PD. Age-standardized disability-adjusted life years displayed considerable upward trends for ADRD [EAPC = 0.43 (95% CI, 0.27 to 0.59)] and PD [0.34 (95% CI, 0.29 to 0.38)].ConclusionsGlobally, the burden of ADRD and PD continues to increase with growing health disparities. Variations in health inequalities and the impact of socioeconomic development on disease trends underscored the need for targeted policies and strategies, with heightened awareness, preventive measures, and active management of risk factors.

Hybrid life-cycle and hierarchical archimedean copula analyses for identifying pathways of greenhouse gas mitigation in domestic sewage treatment systems

Electricity consumption and anaerobic reactions cause direct and indirect greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions within domestic sewage treatment systems (DSTSs). GHG emissions in DSTSs were influenced by the sewage quantity and the efficacy of treatment technologies. To address combined effects of these variables, this study presented an approach for identifying pathways for GHG mitigation within the DSTSs of cities under climate change and socio-economic development, through combining life cycle analysis (LCA) and the Hierarchical Archimedean copula (HAC) methods. The approach was innovative in the following aspects: 1) quantifying the GHG emissions of the DSTSs; 2) identifying the correlations among temperature changes, socioeconomic development, and domestic sewage quantity, and 3) predicting the future fluctuations in GHG emissions from the DSTSs. The effectiveness of the proposed approach was validated through its application to an urban agglomeration in the Pearl River Delta (PRD), China. To identify the potentials of GHG mitigation in the DSTSs, two pathways (i.e., general and optimized) were proposed according to the different technical choices for establishing facilities from 2021 to 2030. The results indicated that GHG emissions from the DSTS in the PRD were [3.01, 4.96] Mt CO2eq in 2021, with substantial contributions from Shenzhen and Guangzhou. Moreover, GHG emissions from the sewage treatment facilities based on Anaerobic-Anoxic-Axic (AAO) technology were higher than those based on other technologies. Under the optimized pathway, GHG emissions, contributed by the technologies of Continuous Cycle Aeration System (CASS) and Oxidation Ditch (OD), were the lowest. Through the results of correlation analysis, the impact of socioeconomic development on domestic sewage quantities was more significant than that of climate change. Domestic sewage quantities in the cities of the PRD would increase by 4.10%–28.38%, 17.14%–26.01%, and 18.15%–26.50% from 2022 to 2030 under three Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) 2.6, 4.5, and 8.5. These findings demonstrated that the capacities of domestic sewage treatment facilities in most cities of the PRD should be substantially improved from 0.12 to 2.99 times between 2022 and 2030. Under the optimized pathway, the future GHG emissions of the CASS method would be the lowest, followed by the OD method.

MODERNIZATION, SUPERSTITION, AND CULTURAL CHANGE

By exploring the relationship between socioeconomic development, secularism, and the pervasiveness of traditional beliefs, this article shows that while some traditional practices and beliefs, such as making use of traditional healers, are negatively and significantly related to several development indicators, there is little to no detectable (statistical) relationship between other traditional beliefs and practices, such as believing in and seeing a jinn, and development. The evidence presented in the article sustains the claim, advanced at the turn of the millennium by Inglehart and Baker, that the impact of socioeconomic development on values, attitudes, and cultural change is complex and non‐linear.

Leaving out of necessity or out of ambition? The impact of socio-economic development on factors of youth emigration from countries of South Eastern Europe

Based on survey data from representative national samples of young people, we compared the impact of nine different factors of emigration desire among young people from 10 countries of Southeast Europe. The results show that (1) the impact of factors of necessity decreases with higher levels of Human Development Index (HDI), while factors of ambition tend to have stronger impact. We also found that across all 10 countries, (2) the experience of having been abroad is the strongest predictor of higher emigration desire, and that (3) the emigration desire of young people tends to decrease with higher levels of HDI.

Spatiotemporal association of carbon dioxide emissions in China's urban agglomerations

The reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and sustainable development in low-carbon ways are of great significance to urban agglomerations. However, few studies are exploring the relationship between CO2 emissions and socioeconomic development at city levels from the perspective of clusters of regions. Based on the open data of inventory for anthropogenic CO2 emissions, nighttime light data, and population dataset as a proxy for the socioeconomic development levels of urban agglomerations, we used Mann–Kendall trend test, Tapio decoupling analysis, and spatial autocorrelation analysis to explore the spatiotemporal association of CO2 emissions and the impact of socioeconomic development on emissions in the nineteen urban agglomerations in China. Findings showed that the growth of CO2 emissions in China was primarily concentrated in urban agglomerations. The CO2 emissions in eastern coastal and northern urban agglomerations were much higher than those in other areas, while the emissions in western urban agglomerations were the lowest. The periodic characteristics of CO2 emissions were consistent with China's five-year development plan. Urban agglomerations in the early stage from 2000 to 2002 or with developed and stable industrial structures tended to achieve decoupling. High-high (HH) clusters of socioeconomic development with CO2 emissions were mainly distributed in urban agglomerations of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region (BTH), the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA), Yangtze River Delta (YRD), Huhhot-Baotou-Ordos-Yulin (HBOY), Shandong Peninsula (SP), and Central Shanxi (CS). Most of the clusters except those in HBOY shrunk from 2000 to 2010 and remained relatively stable from 2010 to 2019. These urban agglomerations should promote synergistic emission reduction. High-low (HL) clusters mostly appeared in central cities with a high socioeconomic level and surrounding cities with low CO2 emissions s, i.e., in urban agglomerations of Chengdu-Chongqing region (CC), the Beibu Gulf (BG), and Lanzhou-Xining (LX). These urban agglomerations with prominent polarization phenomena should adhere to regional overall coordination and thus minimize total regional costs of CO2 emission reduction. The results could provide references for the synergistic reduction of CO2 emissions and the coordinated development in urban agglomerations.

The concept of environmental safety (legal aspect)

The article shows the importance of ensuring environmental safety for the present and future generations of people at the national (Russian) and international levels. The correlation of ecological safety with military security, ecological (sustainable) development, the impact of socio-economic development on the state of the environment (in terms of the ratio of economy and ecology) is revealed. The importance of international cooperation of states in ensuring environmental safety is proved and the leading role of legal science (environmental lawyers) in solving environmental protection problems is revealed.

A 110 Year Sediment Record of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Related to Economic Development and Energy Consumption in Dongping Lake, North China.

A sedimentary record of the 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) pollutants from Dongping Lake, north China, is presented in this study. The influence of regional energy structure changes for 2–6-ring PAHs was investigated, in order to assess their sources and the impact of socioeconomic developments on the observed changes in concentration over time. The concentration of the ΣPAH16 ranged from 77.6 to 628.0 ng/g. Prior to the 1970s, the relatively low concentration of ΣPAH16 and the average presence of 44.4% 2,3-ring PAHs indicated that pyrogenic combustion from grass, wood, and coal was the main source of PAHs. The rapid increase in the concentration of 2,3-ring PAHs between the 1970s and 2006 was attributed to the growth of the urban population and the coal consumption, following the implementation of the Reform and Open Policy in 1978. The source apportionment, which was assessed using a positive matrix factorization model, revealed that coal combustion was the most important regional source of PAHs pollution (>51.0%). The PAHs were mainly transported to the site from the surrounding regions by atmospheric deposition rather than direct discharge.

Trends in the impact of socioeconomic developments on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon concentrations in Dianchi Lake.

An analysis of the correlation between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and economic parameters demonstrates that the total population, gross domestic product, coal consumption, petroleum, temperature, and day consumption significantly affect PAH concentrations in Dianchi Lake, Yunnan province, China. An artificial neural network (ANN) model was developed to predict the trend in PAH concentrations in the sediments of Dianchi Lake over the next 10 years based on current indicators of economic development. The ANN model estimated the concentration of PAHs from 1980 to 2014. The model was evaluated using available observations for the historical trends; concentrations of PAHs in the sediments of Dianchi Lake are calculated to be at 2128.1 ng/g in 2025 and are expected to decline up to 1044.3 ng/g by 2030. These concentrations are considered relatively high because of their impacts on the health of people and aquatic organisms and the development of surrounding industries. We show the importance of the socioeconomic and climate factors in increasing the pollution levels. Our results could support the local government to formulate effective measures to reduce the pollution levels in the lake.

Sediment record of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Dianchi lake, southwest China: Influence of energy structure changes and economic development

Sixteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in a sediment core from Dianchi Lake, southwest China, were analysed. The influence of changes in China’s energy structure for 2–6 ringed PAHs was investigated to assess sources and the impact of socioeconomic development on temporal changes in concentrations. The concentration of the ΣPAH16 ranged from 746 to 2293 ng g−1. Prior to the 1960s relatively low concentrations of the ΣPAH16 and a larger proportion of 2–3-ring PAHs indicated that biomass combustion was the main source of PAHs. A rapid increase in the concentrations of 2–3 ring PAHs between 1975 and 2004 was attributed to population growth and coal consumption. A declining trend since 2004 was interpreted as being due to local changes in household energy usage. Increased concentrations of 4-ring PAH between 1975–2005 and 5–6-ring PAHs between the 1980s to 2004 showed correlations with increased coal consumption and the number of motor vehicles, respectively. These were caused by rapid urbanization and industrialization in the Dianchi watershed following the implementation of the Reform and Open Policy in 1978. A subsequent decline in the concentrations of 4-ring and 5–6-ring PAHs may have been due to decreased coal consumption and improvements in emission standards, respectively. Source apportionment by a PMF model revealed that coal combustion (29.2%), vehicle emissions (24.2%), petrogenic sources (21.8%), and biomass combustion (24.9%) were the sources of PAHs in the lake sediment core, and that coal combustion was the most important regional source of PAHs pollution.

COGNITIVE APPROACH TO ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY ASSESSMENT OF TERRITORY

The article is devoted to the study of the impact of socio-economic development on the environmental safety of the territory. An analysis of scientific research on the environmental safety of the region and the country was carried out, during which factors of socio-economic development were taken into account. Socio-economic development of the region is characterized by qualitative changes and irreversibility, and as a complex and dynamic process by variability and uncertainty in the future. Qualitative changes in the economy can negatively or positively affect the level of environmental safety. It was determined that the assessment of the environmental safety condition is an important scientific and practical task, because global economic, social, political, climate changes, which affected Ukraine as well, require new tools for economic management. This paper offers a cognitive model for assessing the environmental safety condition of the territory, which takes into account the impact of economic and social factors. The procedure for building a cognitive model of the impact of factors on the environmental safety condition of the territory consists of several stages: a factor analysis of the impact of factors on the environmental safety condition is carried out; the implication of the impact of factors on each other is determined; a cognitive model of impact is built; the analysis of the model balance is carried out. This approach for assessing the environmental safety condition based on the cognitive modeling method can be applied in management decisions that relate to the viability of introducing environmental protection measures at the state and regional levels, since it allows you to quickly determine the current condition of safety, taking into account socio-demographic and production factors and anthropogenic environmental factors.

Participatory Modelling of Surface and Groundwater to Support Strategic Planning in the Ganga Basin in India

The Ganga Basin in India experiences problems related to water availability, water quality and ecological degradation because of over-abstraction of surface and groundwater, the presence of various hydraulic infrastructure, discharge of untreated sewage water, and other point and non-point source pollution. The basin is experiencing rapid socio-economic development that will increase both the demand for water and pollution load. Climate change adds to the uncertainty and future variability of water availability. To support strategic planning for the Ganga Basin by the Indian Ministry of Water Resources, River Development and Ganga Rejuvenation and the governments of the concerned Indian states, a river basin model was developed that integrates hydrology, geohydrology, water resources management, water quality and ecology. The model was developed with the involvement of key basin stakeholders across central and state governments. No previous models of the Ganga Basin integrate all these aspects, and this is the first time that a participatory approach was applied for the development of a Ganga Basin model. The model was applied to assess the impact of future socio-economic and climate change scenarios and management strategies. The results suggest that the impact of socio-economic development will far exceed the impacts of climate change. To balance the use of surface and groundwater to support sustained economic growth and an ecologically healthy river, it is necessary to combine investments in wastewater treatment and reservoir capacity with interventions that reduce water demand, especially for irrigation, and that increase dry season river flow. An important option for further investigation is the greater use of alluvial aquifers for temporary water storage.

Fundamental Issues of Environmental Education and the Impact of Socio-Economic Development on Public Health, in Globalization Context

Abstract Education, in general, and environmental education, in special, is salvation and future of mankind, contributing by reorientation and interdisciplinarity of education to strengthening in values, behavior and lifestyles required for sustainable future development. The ecological and economic implications of better use of information on sustainable resource management lead to the development of perspectives, knowledge and skills that are so vital to environmental education (life skills education). Unfortunately, environmental criminality has reached fourth place in the category of illicit activities at the international level. Therefore, detailed knowledge of the relationship between economic fundaments, society and the environment is strictly necessary in order to understand the values that we want to reach, the effect on performance for identifying and promoting quality criteria. These criteria help the development of a toolkit and techniques needed to increase competences and creativity, in the context of opportunities, challenges and barriers imposed by environmental security. Public health, without an adequate living environment, cannot exist and for this reason, a global effort is mandatory to raise awareness and education of the population to fight against environmental crime on our planet.

Sustainability Assessment of Natural Capital Based on the 3D Ecological Footprint Model: A Case Study of the Shennongjia National Park Pilot

The sustainability assessment of natural capital (SANC) is one of the key elements in the field of national park protection. Assessing the impact of socioeconomic development on the Shennongjia National Park Pilot (SNPP), a typical national park in China, would be extremely conducive to the sustainable management of its natural capital. To this end, a natural capital account system encompassing transportation, accommodation, food, and waste for both locals and tourists was developed. Throughout the period from 2007 to 2016, a SANC was conducted in SNPP based on the 3D ecological footprint (EF3D) model to measure stock consumption as well as flow occupancy. The main conclusions were as follows: First, the ecological footprint (EF) size of the SNPP increased yearly from 2007 to 2014, although it decreased in 2015, when the government started preparing for the SNPP. Second, rapid tourism-related developments brought about an increase in the EF of built-up land, and the increasing medicinal planting also enlarged the EF of arable land. Third, the cumulative EF of tourism was 2.82 times that of locals over the past decade. This gap has been expanding. Overall, the results show relatively steady sustainability in terms of natural capital in the SNPP. More precisely, the preceding stock consumption did not severely constrain the function of the current regeneration of flow capital, whereas tourism and planting have become potential threats to the sustainability of the natural capital.

The impact of socio-economic development and climate change on E. coli loads and concentrations in Kabul River, Pakistan

Microbial pollution is a major problem worldwide. High concentrations of Escherichia coli have been found in Kabul River in Pakistan. E. coli concentrations vary under different socio-economic conditions, such as population and livestock densities, urbanisation, sanitation and treatment of wastewater and manure, and climate-change aspects, such as floods and droughts. In this paper, we assess potential future E. coli loads and concentrations in the Kabul River using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool with scenarios that are based on the most recent Shared Socio-economic Pathways and Representative Concentration Pathways (SSPs and RCPs) developed for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Scenario_1 considers moderate population and livestock density growth, planned urbanisation and strongly improved wastewater and manure treatment (based on SSP1, “Sustainability”), and moderate climate change (RCP4.5, moderate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions). Scenario_2 considers strong population and livestock density growth, moderate urbanisation, slightly improved wastewater treatment, no manure treatment (based on SSP3, “Regional rivalry”) and strong climate change (RCP8.5, high GHG emissions). Simulated E. coli responses to Scenario_2 suggest a mid-century increase in loads by 111% and a late century increase of 201% compared to baseline loads. Similarly, simulated E. coli loads are reduced by 60% for the mid-century and 78% for the late century compared to the baseline loads. When additional treatment is simulated in Scenario_1, the loads are reduced even further by 94%, 92% and 99.3% compared to the baseline concentrations when additional tertiary treatment, manure treatment or both have been applied respectively. This study is one of the first to apply combined socio-economic development and climate change scenario analysis with an E. coli concentration model to better understand how these concentrations may change in the future. The scenario analysis shows that reducing E. coli concentrations in Pakistan's rivers is possible, but requires strongly improved waste water treatment and manure management measures.

Impact of socio-economic development, contact and peer counselling on stigma against persons affected by leprosy in Cirebon, Indonesia – a randomised controlled trial

People affected by leprosy are often stigmatised, but stigma is rarely quantified and the effectiveness of interventions is often not evaluated. The SARI Project aimed to test and evaluate three interventions: counselling (involving peer counsellors), socio-economic development (SED) and contact between community members and affected people. This study used a controlled trial design in which pairs of the stigma-reduction interventions were randomly allocated to sub-districts in Cirebon District,Indonesia. The study sample consisted of one cohort of people affected by leprosy (on treatment or treated) and two independent samples of community members. The latter were selected through purposive sampling. Three scales (e.g. SARI Stigma Scale, Participation scale) were applied among leprosy-affected people and two scales (e.g. Social Distance Scale) were used among community members pre- and post-intervention. Among affected people (n=237), significant differences in reduction of stigma and participation restrictions were found in all intervention areas and an improvement in quality of life in some intervention areas. Social distance and social stigma significantly reduced among community members (n=213 and 375) in the two intervention areas where the contact intervention was implemented. Two of the five instruments indicated changes in the control area, but the changes in the intervention areas were much larger. The SARI Project has demonstrated that a measurable reduction in leprosy-related stigma can be achieved, both at community level and among people affected by leprosy, using reproducible interventions that can be adapted to different settings and target groups.

Sarah Dry, The Newton Papers: The Strange and True Odyssey of Isaac Newton’s Manuscripts. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014, xi + 238 pages. $29.95

The Newton Papers is an important, exceptionally well-written book, serving the needs of a scholarly community that is increasingly concerned to know more about the provenance of manuscripts to be found in the greater and lesser collections around the globe. Sarah Dry illuminates the motivations of collectors such as Keynes and Yahuda, shows the impact of socioeconomic developments on the custodianship of manuscript collections, takes us into the world of the early twentieth-century book and manuscript traders, and above all tells us not a little about the ways in which the reception of Newton’s manuscripts challenged the orthodoxy of existing conceptions of the great man’s scientific legacy. What emerges is that the current predilection for a Newton of many parts to a large extent reflects the various and often complex paths taken by his letters and papers following his demise.

L'esclusione e la paura. La sicurezza è (anche) una questione di stile

A major problem for analyses of the words fear and social exclusion reminds to social discontent which is fuelled by socio-cultural and economic changes. The impact of socioeconomic development on cultural change operates in various phases. From the industrialization and the rise of post-industrial society the idea of the complexity of fear has become one of the side of a global crisis where the new trend toward the increasing emphasis on individual autonomy and selfexpression values have changed the idea of solidarity.

Using Support Vector Machine to Predict Eco-environment Burden: A Case Study of Wuhan, Hubei Province, China

The human socio-economic development depends on the planet's natural capital. Humans have had a considerable impact on the earth, such as resources depression and environment deterioration. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of socio-economic development on the ecological environment of Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, during the general planning period 2006-2020. Support vector machine (SVM) model was constructed to simulate the process of eco-economic system of Wuhan. Socio-economic factors of urban total ecological footprint (TEF) were selected by partial least squares (PLS) and leave-one-out cross validation (LOOCV). Historical data of socio-economic factors as inputs, and corresponding historical data of TEF as target outputs, were presented to identify and validate the SVM model. When predicted input data after 2005 were presented to trained model as generalization sets, TEFs of 2005, 2006,..., till 2020 were simulated as output in succession. Up to 2020, the district would have suffered an accumulative TEF of 28.374 million gha, which was over 1.5 times that of 2004 and nearly 3 times that of 1988. The per capita EF would be up to 3.019 gha in 2020. The simulation indicated that although the increase rate of GDP would be restricted in a lower level during the general planning period, urban ecological environment burden could not respond to the socio-economic circumstances promptly. SVM provides tools for dynamic assessment of regional eco-environment. However, there still exist limitations and disadvantages in the model. We believe that the next logical step in deriving better dynamic models of ecosystem is to integrate SVM and other algorithms or technologies.

QUAH, Stella R., HOME AND KIN: Families in Asia

"QUAH, Stella R., HOME AND KIN: Families in Asia." Journal of Comparative Family Studies, 36(2), pp. 346–347

Socio-Economic Development of the Scheduled Castes, with Special Reference to Agricultural Landless Labourers in Maharashtra

One of the distinctive and pervasive features of Indian Society is its division into castes and sub-castes. After the independence, statutory safeguards were provided to the Scheduled Castes in the Constitution of India. Even after 50 years of Independence, looking in to the trends, there is a need to change the policy governing the programmes. The present study attempts to examine the impact of socio-economic development programmes/or the Scheduled Castes in Maharashtra. The study utilises data from both secondary, as well as, primary sources. To find out the joint impact, the study worked out the multiple regression models. It is observed that only a small proportion of non-land asset group benefited from these developmental schemes.