Impact Of Social Desirability Research Articles

Impact of Social Desirability and Environmental Awareness on Ecological Behavior among Students

In present scenario, Indian government has regulated many policies and pro environment action with an aim of being aware about environment under which we continue to live. Although, it is not only government responsibility towards developing pro environment attitude rather it should be emerges from us for our nature. However, people become more sensitive for their livelihood needs than environmental concerns which are remarkable notion. So, the present study attempted to study the pro environment attitude and ecological behavior dynamics with an influence of social desirability.

Validation of the Substance Abuse Scale of the Personal and Relationships Profile

Abstract There have been limited measurement studies of the substance abuse scale of the Personal and Relationships Profile (PRP) and the impact of social desirability on alcohol and drug use reporting. This study aimed to (a) model the factor structure of the eight-item substance abuse scale of the PRP and (b) examine the relationship of substance use factors with sociodemographic variables—race, income, age, marital status—and social desirability on substance use reporting among a sample of low-income fathers. The study included secondary data analysis of 665 fathers, who participated in a fatherhood program between 2011 and 2015. The two-factor model with the addition of two error covariances exhibited acceptable fit to the data. Sociodemographic characteristics were significantly associated with alcohol and drug use among the sample with social desirability being the strongest predictor of lower alcohol and drug use reporting. Findings suggest that alcohol and drugs are distinct constructs that should be assessed separately, despite being correlated. In social work practice and research, the influence of social desirability in reporting should be accounted for when assessing substance use.

Using technology for studying populations off the social mainstream

Recognition has been growing of the importance and unique challenges of studying the experience and related personal and relationship outcomes in marginalized populations (e.g. nonwhites, non-heterosexual, indigenous people, those impacted by poverty, physical disability and mental illness, victims of domestic violence). Traditional social research yielded limited knowledge about such population groups due to issues of positionality, limited accessibility and stigmatization. Partcipatory and qualitative methods offered some culturally sensitive effective strategies for generating relevant knowledge about ‘hidden’ populations that were excluded from past research. The constant development of technology expands the possibilities for such research by offering innovative ways to address some of the aforementioned challenges in accessing previously hard to reach population groups and collecting rich data especially relative to sensitive topics. These developments raised debates regarding ethical, logistic and methodological issues including the potential impact of social desirability and differential access to technology. Informed by a review of available knowledge about groups in the half shadows and about using technology for social research, this article discusses and uses two case examples to illustrate employing technology-assisted research of populations under the radar. Future research should continue to focus on identifying additional uses of technology to further develop ways of generating knowledge about those who have been ‘in the half shadow’ to inform the development of appropriate services, intervention strategies and policies that can help enhance social justice.

Scale of Personal Problems in Everyday Life: Conceptual Justification and Psychometric Development

Introduction. Theoretical and methodological issues of psychology of personal problem solving in everyday life have been underrepresented in Russian research literature. For the first time, the authors develop, pilot-test, and validate a new technique for diagnosing personal problems of everyday life.
 Methods. The sample was comprised of 506 individual participants (aged 17-67 years) from general population and of 43 patients of the psycho-neurological department and the department of borderline states (aged 18-50 years). The study used the following techniques for construct validation of the pilot version of the Scale: (a) Life Satisfaction Scale; (b) Positive and Negative Affect Scale; (c) Five-Factor Personality Inventory; (d) Life Orientation Test (Russian modification); and (e) Hardiness Survey (Russian modification).
 Results and Discussion. This section (a) describes the procedure of developing the Scale and eliminating non-valid items, (b) examines the factor structure of the questionnaire, (c) determines its construct, structural, and differential validity, and (d) discusses the results of studying age, gender, social, and demographic differences in the general level of problematization of life and the manifestation of specific types of everyday problems. The authors compared the findings obtained in pilot testing with those described in previous studies and demonstrated their similarity. The study provides diagnostic norms for the Scale scores. The proposed technique has great potential for further research (collecting empirical data in various subject areas of psychology) and psychodiagnostic (supporting the consultative and psychotherapeutic process and clinical practice) applications.
 Conclusion. The authors draw the conclusion that the developed technique manifests relevant measurement properties and can be recommended for use in psychological research and practice. Further psychometric development of the Scale will involve determining test-retest reliability, assessing the impact of social desirability on the results, as well as differentiating and specifying test norms on larger samples.

Drivers’ hazard perception analysis based on logistic regression and Cochran–Mantel–Haenszel test

Current researches of hazard perception based on the conventional self-report, video scene, driving simulator experiments, and road studies all have their shortcomings. Accident interrogation record data not only have the benefits of the conventional self-report method (inexpensive and detailed), but also overcome the deficiencies of the self-report (impact of social desirability) to a great degree. In this article, the collision data, especially the accident interrogation record data on freeways in the City of Chongqing, China, are used to analyze the contributing factors to hazard perception, based on logistic regression and Cochran–Mantel–Haenszel test. The logistic method is used to study the correlation among these factors on hazard perception. In addition, the Cochran–Mantel–Haenszel test method is applied to factors that are not statistically significantly identified in logistic regression analysis. The results show that factors such as age, years of driving experience, gender, month, vehicle type, road alignment, and road surface have effects on hazard perception. The study results can be used to improve the drivers’ hazard perception abilities on freeways and can also help the highway administrators to formulate the related policies and regulations.

Деятельностные факторы мотивации труда прокурорских работников

The article presents the results of three studies (2000-01, 2009 and 2014) of activity-related factors that have a significant impact on prosecutors work motivation. As part of the questionnaire respondents (more than a thousand public prosecutors of different sex, age, employment status and place of service) were offered to complete the unfinished sentence, stating the reasons for the attractiveness of their work. The results showed that the main factors stably defining prosecutors professional motivation (80% of responses) were socially-oriented nature of the work, its focus on strengthening the rule of law in the country, helping people, especially the poor, disadvantaged groups of population, as well as the ability to meet the basic needs of the individual employee. (Self-actualization, creativity, professional growth, and others.). Other answers (high wages, the prestige of the profession, stability and others.) were given much less. The problem of the reliability of the data and an impact of social desirability were discussed.

Using the contradiction paradigm to assess ageism

Ageism is an important topic in our society, considering the burgeoning older adult population. Ageism is often measured using explicit questionnaires; however, given the impact of social desirability, implicit measures of ageism have been developed. In this study, the contradiction paradigm, an implicit measure of stereotypes (Lassonde, under review) was used to measure age-related stereotypes in passages describing older adults. Participants read passages with target sentences more slowly when these sentences described behaviors that were inconsistent rather than consistent with age-related stereotypes. Participants also completed a series of self-report questionnaires measuring ageism. Results demonstrated that reading times using the contradiction paradigm were not related to outcomes on the self-report questionnaires. A comparison of the contradiction paradigm to a social desirability scale revealed that it was not vulnerable to social desirability. This confirms the contradiction paradigm's use as an implicit measure of age-related stereotypes. Although there is no clear relation between the contradiction paradigm and popular explicit measures, a next important step would be to determine the point in which implicit knowledge and intentional behavioral responses interact.

Personality of Students of Economics, Medicine, and Verbal Communication: Preliminary Results

Differences on personality between students of economics, medicine and verbal communication should be explored by means of the Temperament and Character Inventory. Students of economics are mainly characterized by lower harm avoidance and lower reward dependence and higher self directedness than medical students and students of verbal communication. Students of all groups seem to overestimate their self-directedness with economical students showing the most pronounced tendency of overrating, whereas medical students tend to overrate their cooperativeness more than the students from the other groups. The obvious disturbed self-evaluation corresponds to the students’ professional orientation. The students can be characterized by specific and varying types and impact of social desirability depending on their professional career.

Self-Reports of Substance Abusers: The Impact of Social Desirability on Social Network Variables

It is important to examine social desirability when interpreting self-report data from substance abusers. Social desirability is the tendency to respond on surveys that make people appear more favorable to others; thus, a strong desire for social approval is related to minimized reports of substance use. In the present study, the relationship between social desirability and different types of social support was examined within 582 residents of communal-living recovery homes (i.e., Oxford Houses). Although effect sizes were small, results may suggest that participants reported social network variables in a socially desirable manner; this tendency towards self-deception even predicted misrepresentations of these constructs eight months later. In addition, self-reports of the substance use habits of friends and family were more prone to social desirability than the reporting of other social network characteristics. Overall, it is suggested that social desirability might be taken into account when examining substance abusers' self-reports of social support variables.

The Impact of Social Desirability and Expectation of Feedback on Emotional Intelligence in the Workplace

The use of Emotional Intelligence (EI) questionnaires and scales in the workplace has been growing rapidly over the last decade. EI has been a popular measure to develop key competencies in staff in the workplace and has started to be used in guiding staff recruitment and selection. Because most questionnaires involve self report assessment, the use of EI scales to assist in employee recruitment may be compromised if test-takers are able to fake good responses to the scales or to show social desirability. The current study investigated the relationship between emotional intelligence (EI) as measured by the Workplace version of the Swinburne University Emotional Intelligence Test (SUEIT), and a new social desirability scale designed specifically for the Workplace – the Social Desirability Questionnaire (WSDQ) in 79 participants. A weak relationship between EI and social desirability was observed, and this relationship was stronger with the SUEIT dimensions of Emotional Control and Emotional Management than with the other dimensions. Social desirability was experimentally manipulated by examining the relationship between EI and WSDQ in two groups. The first group (N=34) completed the questionnaires anonymously and were told that no feedback was to be provided. The second group of participants (N=45) were informed that they would receive detailed feedback about their EI. EI did not significantly differ between the two feedback conditions. The results indicated that there is not significant or substantial relationships between self report EI and social desirability. The results of this study have significant implications for the use of self-report EI scales in employee recruitment.

The Student Readiness Inventory and the Big Five: Examining social desirability and college academic performance

This study compared the relative power of a Big Five measure, the Big Five Inventory (BFI), and a measure of academic-related factors, the Student Readiness Inventory (SRI), for predicting college academic performance (GPA) using a sample of 468 college students from 2- and 4-year institutions. The extent to which social desirability influenced construct and predictive validity was also examined. Both the SRI and the BFI were significant predictors of college GPA, but hierarchical regression results showed that the SRI scales accounted for a larger proportion of variance (range = 22% to 29%) than the BFI scales (range = 3% to 9%). As expected, the impact of social desirability on the relations between the two instruments, as well as between each instrument and college GPA, was minimal. Further evidence of the construct validity of the SRI was provided by the emergence of moderate to strong relations between the BFI (Extraversion, Neuroticism, and Conscientiousness) and the SRI (Social Activity, Emotional Control, and Academic Discipline), respectively.

Social desirability bias in personality testing: Implications for astronaut selection

The assessment of personality is recognized by space agencies as an approach to identify candidates likely to perform optimally during spaceflights. In the use of personality scales for selection, the impact of social desirability (SD) has been cited as a concern. Study 1 addressed the impact of SD on responses to the Personality Characteristic Inventory (PCI) and NEO-FFI. This was achieved by contrasting scores from active astronauts ( N = 65 ) with scores of successful astronaut applicants ( N = 63 ) , and between pilots applicants ( N = 1271 ) and pilot research subjects ( N = 120 ) . Secondly, personality scores were correlated with scores on the Marlow Crown Social Desirability Scale among applicants to managerial positions ( N = 120 ) . The results indicated that SD inflated scores on PCI scales assessing negative interpersonal characteristics, and impacted on four of five scales in NEO-FFI. Still, the effect sizes were small or moderate. Study 2 addressed performance implications of SD during an assessment of males applying to work as rescue personnel operations in the North Sea ( N = 22 ) . The results showed that SD correlated negatively with cognitive test performance, and positively with discrepancy in performance ratings between self and two observers. In conclusion, caution is needed in interpreting personality scores in applicant populations. SD may be a negative predictor for performance under stress.

The Impact of Social Desirability on Employee Responses to Work-oriented Surveys: Findings in an Asian Context

This study examined the impact of social desirability on the survey responses of 271 white-collar employees working in nine Singaporean firms. The research probed for three types of effects (i.e., spurious correlations; moderator effects; and suppression) within three kinds of questionnaire items: neutral self-presentation items (e.g., assessing the general usefulness of performance appraisal); moderate self-presentation items (e.g., reporting one's satisfaction with the last performance appraisal); and high self-presentation items (e.g., assessing one's relationship with the supervisor). Results indicated that social desirability, as expected, manifested itself primarily within the moderate and high self-presentation items. Impact took the form of moderating relationships between other variables. Discussion centres on the practical implications of these findings, and on the possibility that social desirability may be less trou blesome than originally anticipated.

Cross-informant agreement in the assessment of social phobia in youth.

In the present study involving children and adolescents with a principal diagnosis of social phobia, we measured parent-child agreement regarding social anxiety symptoms. Additionally, we examined variables related to the severity of the children's social phobia symptoms as reported by children and as rated by clinicians. Examination of cross-informant agreement indicated little difference between mean parent and children ratings of the children's social fears. In contrast, there was a significant difference in parent and children ratings of the children's avoidance, with parents endorsing greater degrees of social avoidance. Children's report of social avoidance was negatively related to scores on a measure of self-presentational concerns (i.e., social desirability). Clinicians' determination of the severity of the children's social phobia was also influenced by the children's self-presentation as well as parent report of social avoidance and children's depression scores. Thus, this differential weighting by the clinician of parent versus child report may be related to the finding that children's self-reported social avoidance was negatively related to their concerns regarding positive self-presentation. Results suggest the need to consider the impact of social desirability when examining clinical characteristics of children and adolescents with social phobia.

Marital Conventionalization Revisited

Edmonds' (1967) recommendation of the Marital Conventionalization Scale as a control variable involved inherent violations of two statistical assumptions underlying partial correlation and multiple regression techniques. Interpretations of results from using the scale as Edmonds (1967) suggested appear to increase the probability of Type II errors. Deleting conventionalizing subjects from the analysis appears to be a better way to assess the impact of social desirability upon measures of marital adjustment or satisfaction. In general, concerns about the impact of social desirability or conventionalization upon marital adjustment scores or relationships between marital adjustment and other variables appear to be overstated in previous research.