Impact Of Smoking Behavior Research Articles

Factors Associated with Perceived Behavioral Control and Adolescents Smoking Behavior in a Rural Area of Indonesia

Introduction: Smoking behavior among teenagers is now not a taboo issue. Not infrequently we find teenagers who are still wearing school uniforms, smoking with friends or alone, even done openly or in hiding. One of the causes of adolescents’ unable to regulate the intensity of their smoking behavior is their low self-control in adolescents. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between Perceived Behavioral Control (PBC) and Smoking Behavior in Adolescents in Bandarkedungmulyo Village, Jombang. Method: The research design applies correlation analytics through the cross-sectional approach. The study population was 174 male adolescents with a sample of 44 respondents and used the purposive sampling technique. Tools The research instrument is a questionnaire sheet and data analysis of the Chi-Square Test. Results: The results showed that almost all respondents had PBC (High) as many as 33 respondents (75.0%) and had Smoking Behavior (Medium) as many as 27 respondents (61.4%). According to the Chi-Square test results obtained a value of 0.368 > (0.05), then there is no relationship between PBC and smoking behavior in adolescents in Bandarkedungmulyo village Jombang, due to the influence of peers and the informant's social environment. The biggest factor influencing the results of this study is peers who have a major influence on the smoking behavior of a teenager. Conclusion: It is hoped that the research can make changes to smoking behavior and how to fend off the impact of smoking behavior on adolescents in Bandarkedungmulyo Village more optimal so that the physical and mental health of adolescents will be more guaranteed and of good quality.

Impact of smoking behavior on cognitive functioning in persons at risk for psychosis and healthy controls: A longitudinal study - CORRIGENDUM.

Impact of smoking behavior on cognitive functioning in persons at risk for psychosis and healthy controls: A longitudinal study - CORRIGENDUM.

Impact of Smoking Behavior on Survival Following Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation - Smoking Cessation Matters.

There are only a few data on the impact of smoking and smoking cessation on the outcome of patients treated with allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, a well-established therapy for hematologic malignancies. In a retrospective cohort study design we examined the impact of smoking and smoking cessation on survival among 309 eligible consecutive adults who underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation using reduced-intensity (n = 179) or myeloablative (n = 130) conditioning between 1999 and 2018. Smoking and was independently associated with increased mortality with a five-year overall survival of 25% in current smokers versus 53% in never smokers versus 48% in past smokers. Never smokers lived significantly longer (HR: 2.00, 95%CI: 1.19-3.35, p = .008) and had a better event-free survival (HR: 2.11, 95%CI: 1.27-3.49, p = .004) than current smokers. In the long run, never smokers also lived significantly longer than past smokers (HR: 1.45, 95%CI: 1.16-1.81, p = .001). Patients who quit smoking before allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation showed a tendency towards increased survival compared to those who continued smoking (HR: 1.53, 95%CI: 0.95-2.45, p = .078). In relation to life-time cigarette dose smokers with low-dose (1-10 pack-years) cigarette consumption lived significantly longer (HR: 1.60, 95%CI: 1.03-2.50, p = .037) and had a better event-free survival (HR: 1.66, 95%CI: 1.07-2.58, p = .025) than patients with high-dose (≥10 pack-years) cigarette consumption. In allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for hematologic malignancies, smoking history per se, lifetime cigarette dose, and continued smoking, were significantly associated with increased all-cause mortality and reduced event-free survival. Continued and past smoking represent established risk factors for malignant and non-malignant diseases, however, they are also a strong risk factor for a poor outcome after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for hematologic diseases. Our study shows that the hazard ratio for death after such transplantation is doubled if patients continue smoking and even if they have quit smoking, their risk remains significantly elevated. This suggests that the smoking history provides important predictive factors for the outcome of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and that smoking cessation should be implemented in the treatment of hematologic diseases as early as possible.

Impact of smoking Behavior on cognitive functioning in persons at risk for psychosis and healthy controls: A longitudinal study.

The high prevalence of smoking in individuals who are at ultra-high risk (UHR) for psychosis is well known and moderate cognitive deficits have also been found in UHR. However, the association between smoking and cognition in UHR is unknown and longitudinal studies are lacking. A cohort study with 330 UHR individuals and 66 controls was conducted, as part of the European network of national schizophrenia networks studying gene-environment interactions (EU-GEI). At baseline and after 6, 12, and 24months, smoking behavior was assessed with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview and cognitive functioning with a comprehensive test battery. Linear mixed-effects analyses were used to examine the multicross-sectional and prospective associations between (change in) smoking behavior and cognitive functioning, accounting for confounding variables. At baseline, 53% of UHR and 27% of controls smoked tobacco. Smoking UHR and controls did not significantly differ from nonsmoking counterparts on the tested cognitive domains (speed of processing, attention/vigilance, working memory, verbal learning, or reasoning/problem solving) across different assessment times. Neither smoking cessation nor initiation was associated with a significant change in cognitive functioning in UHR. No associations were found between smoking and cognitive impairment in UHR nor in controls. However, the fact that one in every two UHR individuals report daily use of tobacco is alarming. Our data suggest that UHR have fewer cognitive impairments and higher smoking cessation rates compared to patients with first-episode psychosis found in literature. Implications to promote smoking cessation in the UHR stage need further investigation.

Impact of smoking behavior on clozapine blood levels - a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Tobacco smoking significantly impacts clozapine blood levels and has substantial implications on individual efficacy and safety outcomes. By investigating differences in clozapine blood levels in smoking and non-smoking patients on clozapine, we aim to provide guidance for clinicians how to adjust clozapine levels for patients on clozapine who change their smoking habits. We conducted a meta-analysis on clozapine blood levels, norclozapine levels, norclozapine/clozapine ratios, and concentration to dose (C/D) ratios in smokers and non-smokers on clozapine. Data were meta-analyzed using a random-effects model with sensitivity analyses on dose, ethnic origin, and study quality. Data from 23 studies were included in this meta-analysis with 21 investigating differences between clozapine blood levels of smokers and non-smokers. In total, data from 7125 samples were included for the primary outcome (clozapine blood levels in ng/ml) in this meta-analysis. A meta-analysis of all between-subject studies (N=16) found that clozapine blood levels were significantly lower in smokers compared with non-smokers (Standard Mean Difference (SMD) -0.39, 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.55 to -0.22, P<0.001, I2 =80%). With regard to the secondary outcome, C/D ratios (N=16 studies) were significantly lower in the smoker group (n=645) compared with the non-smoker group (n=813; SMD -0.70, 95%CI -0.84 to -0.56, P<0.00001, I2 =17%). Smoking behavior and any change in smoking behavior is associated with a substantial effect on clozapine blood levels. Reductions of clozapine dose of 30% are recommended when a patient on clozapine stops smoking. Reductions should be informed by clozapine steady-state trough levels and a close clinical risk-benefit evaluation.

Dose-response relationship between cigarette smoking and risk of ulcerative colitis: a nationwide population-based study.

Former cigarette smokers are at risk of developing ulcerative colitis (UC). However, the impact of smoking behavior on the occurrence of UC according to the amount smoked remains elusive. We aimed to determine the relationship between smoking behavior and the risk of UC development. We conducted a retrospective population-based cohort study using the National Health Insurance Service database in South Korea. From January 2009 to December 2012, 23,235,771 individuals over 18years of age who underwent a national health examination were enrolled and followed until 2016. All study participants were divided into the following 3 groups: nonsmokers, former smokers, and current smokers. The primary endpoint was newly developed UC. Compared with nonsmokers, the risk of UC development was significantly higher in former smokers [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 1.83; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.73-1.95] but significantly lower in current smokers (aHR 0.92; 95% CI 0.87-0.98). Among current smokers, individuals who stopped smoking after the baseline evaluation had a significantly higher risk of UC development than those who continued to smoke (aHR 2.42; 95% CI 2.10-2.80). The risk of UC development among former smokers was significantly associated with smoking amount and duration. Among current smokers, however, the risk of UC development was not correlated with the cumulative lifetime smoking exposure. The preventive effect of current smoking on UC development was observed only in men (aHR 0.90; 95% CI 0.84-0.96). Compared with nonsmokers, former smokers have a significantly higher risk of UC development that may be proportional to the cumulative smoking exposure.

Hubungan Health Locus of Control Dengan Perilaku Merokok Pada Remaja

Smoking for some individuals is a need that must be fulfill, although the impact of smoking behavior can be disadvantageous to health, economics and the environment. Smoking behavior in adolescents affected by fear is considered not socially good, left behind by the group, and considered immature. This study aims to see the relationship between health locus of control with smoking behavior in adolescents. This research uses quantitative method with purposive sampling technique (n = 60). There negative relationship between health locus of control with smoking behavior in adolescent. This shows the higher health locus of control will lead the lower smoking behavior in adolescents

The association between smoking cessation before and after diagnosis and non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer recurrence: a prospective cohort study

BackgroundSmoking is a major risk factor for bladder cancer, but the relationship between smoking cessation after initial treatment and bladder cancer recurrence has been investigated less frequently and not prospectively yet.Methods722 non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) patients (pTa, pT1, and CIS) from the prospective Bladder Cancer Prognosis Programme (BCPP) cohort, selected in the UK between 2005 and 2011, provided complete data on smoking behavior before and up to 5 years after diagnosis. The impact of smoking behavior on NMIBC recurrence was explored by multivariable Cox regression models investigating time-to-first NMIBC recurrence.ResultsOver a median follow-up period of 4.21 years, 403 pathologically confirmed NMIBC recurrences occurred in 210 patients. Only 25 current smokers at diagnosis quit smoking (14%) during follow-up and smoking cessation after diagnosis did not decrease risk of recurrence compared to continuing smokers (p = 0.352).ConclusionsAlthough quitting smoking after diagnosis might reduce the risk of recurrence based on retrospective evidence, this is not confirmed in this prospective study because the number of NMIBC patients quitting smoking before their first recurrence was too low. Nevertheless, this indicates an important role for urologists and other health care professionals in promoting smoking cessation in NMIBC.

Smoking behaviour and mental health disorders--mutual influences and implications for therapy.

Tobacco use is strongly associated with a variety of psychiatric disorders. Smokers are more likely than non-smokers to meet current criteria for mental health conditions, such as mood disorders, anxiety disorders and psychosis. Evidence also suggest that smokers with psychiatric disorders may have more difficulty quitting, offering at least a partial explanation for why smoking rates are higher in this population. The mechanisms linking mental health conditions and cigarette smoking are complex and likely differ across each of the various disorders. The most commonly held view is that patients with mental health conditions smoke in an effort to regulate the symptoms associated with their disorder. However some recent evidence suggests that quitting smoking may actually improve mental health symptoms. This is particularly true if the tobacco cessation intervention is integrated into the context of ongoing mental health treatment. In this paper we reviewed and summarized the most relevant knowledge about the relationship between tobacco use and dependence and psychiatric disorders. We also reviewed the most effective smoking cessation strategies available for patients with psychiatric comorbidity and the impact of smoking behavior on psychiatric medication.

C-reactive protein levels are raised in stable Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients independent of smoking behavior and biomass exposure.

The aim of this case control study is to assess the relationship between serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and well-known clinical parameters in Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) considering the impact of smoking behavior, biomass exposure and accompanying clinical entities, namely pulmonary hypertension, systemic hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Spirometry, echocardiography, arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2) measurements, BODE scores and serum CRP levels were investigated in stable COPD patients. Associations between CRP levels and clinical parameters were evaluated. CRP levels are significantly higher in COPD patients than in healthy controls. CRP levels were not significantly different between COPD patients treated with inhaled corticosteroids and those not treated. CRP levels significantly correlated with age, FEV1% predicted, FVC% predicted, SpO2, MMRC, 6 minute walk distance, BODE scores and haemoglobin levels. In multivariate analysis BODE scores and concomitant systemic hypertension manifested the strongest association with CRP levels. CRP levels in COPD patients with and without pulmonary hypertension were significantly different. CRP levels did not differ significantly according to smoking status or biomass exposure, moreover COPD cases due to biomass exposure who never smoked also had higher CRP levels compared to healthy controls. Systemic inflammation is inherent to COPD independent of ever-smoking status and correlates with disease severity, concomitant systemic hypertension and pulmonary hypertension.