Abstract
Tobacco use is strongly associated with a variety of psychiatric disorders. Smokers are more likely than non-smokers to meet current criteria for mental health conditions, such as mood disorders, anxiety disorders and psychosis. Evidence also suggest that smokers with psychiatric disorders may have more difficulty quitting, offering at least a partial explanation for why smoking rates are higher in this population. The mechanisms linking mental health conditions and cigarette smoking are complex and likely differ across each of the various disorders. The most commonly held view is that patients with mental health conditions smoke in an effort to regulate the symptoms associated with their disorder. However some recent evidence suggests that quitting smoking may actually improve mental health symptoms. This is particularly true if the tobacco cessation intervention is integrated into the context of ongoing mental health treatment. In this paper we reviewed and summarized the most relevant knowledge about the relationship between tobacco use and dependence and psychiatric disorders. We also reviewed the most effective smoking cessation strategies available for patients with psychiatric comorbidity and the impact of smoking behavior on psychiatric medication.
Highlights
Cigarette smoking is associated with a wide range of adverse health effects, including several types of cancer, cardiovascular disease, dental disease, respiratory illness, reproductive problems, erectile dysfunction, disease of the eye, peptic ulcer disease and diminished bone health [1].In the USA, the official leading causes of death are cardiac disease, cancer and stroke [2]
Evidence suggest that smokers with psychiatric disorders may have more difficulty quitting, offering at least a partial explanation for why smoking rates are higher in this population [7]
The most commonly held view is that patients with mental health conditions smoke in an effort to regulate the symptoms associated with their disorder
Summary
In the USA, the official leading causes of death are cardiac disease, cancer and stroke [2]. Smokers are more likely than non-smokers to meet current diagnostic criteria for mental health conditions, such as mood disorders, anxiety disorders and psychosis [4,5], and individuals with psychiatric disorders are far more likely than general population to smoke cigarettes. Adults in the United States with depression are about twice as likely to smoke in comparison to healthy people It has been estimated that those with one or more current psychiatric conditions smoke nearly half (44%) of all cigarettes consumed in the United States. Evidence suggest that smokers with psychiatric disorders may have more difficulty quitting, offering at least a partial explanation for why smoking rates are higher in this population [7]
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