Impact Of Sexual Harassment Research Articles

Importance of Sex Education Since Early Age for Preventing Sexual Harassment

Lack of sex education in children could cause the violence or sexual abuse done by adults. Parents should give the lesson about early sex education to the children so that they had the right knowledge about it and knew how to treat and look after it. The method in this research was a discourse analysis of the literature in which the readings were taken in context with the research topic. Besides that, it included the observations and everyday practical experience in social life. This article described the notion of sex education, the impact of sexual harassment, the importance of sex education for children, and who would be responsible for sex education for the children. The research finds that through the moral education and faith to God, the children are expected to get protection from sexual abuse, so the nation's children as successor generation get mentally active.

Severe Sexual Harassment on Social Networking Sites: Belgian Adolescents’ Views

Online sexual harassment is increasingly encountered by adolescents and is associated with various negative psychosocial outcomes. In particular, social networking sites (SNSs) may facilitate sexual harassment. This study used focus groups to examine sexual harassment on SNSs from adolescents’ (aged 12–18 years) point of view: what do they perceive as severe cases and who do they think should play a role in addressing them. The qualitative data suggested that sexual harassment was appraised as more severe when it concerned personally targeted gender harassment, situations with restricted escape possibilities, the use of insulting words, the non-consensual use of pictures for sex-related purposes, or frequent adult-initiated sexual attention. Adolescents think that educating potential victims and harassers is important. In addition, SNS providers can play a crucial role in decreasing the impact of sexual harassment by providing a safe environment and by warning or sanctioning harassers.

The impact of sexual harassment on job satisfaction, turnover intentions, and absenteeism: findings from Pakistan compared to the United States.

The purpose of this study was to compare and contrast how differences in perceptions of sexual harassment impact productive work environments for employees in Pakistan as compared to the US; in particular, how it affects job satisfaction, turnover, and/or absenteeism. This study analyzed employee responses in Pakistan (n = 146) and the United States (n = 102, 76) using questionnaire data. Significant results indicated that employees who were sexually harassed reported (a) a decrease in job satisfaction (b) greater turnover intentions and (c) a higher rate of absenteeism. Cross-cultural comparisons indicated that (a) Pakistani employees who were sexually harassed had greater job dissatisfaction and higher overall absenteeism than did their US counterparts and (b) Pakistani women were more likely to use indirect strategies to manage sexual harassment than were US targets.

Sexual harassment among adolescents of different sexual orientations and gender identities

This article examines (a) variation in rates of sexual harassment across mode (e.g., in-person, online) and type of harassment, (b) the impact of sexual harassment (i.e., distressing vs. non-distressing), and (c) how sexual harassment is similarly and differently experienced across sexual orientation and gender identity groups. Data were collected as part of the Teen Health and Technology online survey of 5,907 13 to 18 year-old Internet users in the United States. Past year sexual harassment was reported by 23–72% of youth, depending upon sexual orientation, with the highest rates reported by lesbian/queer girls (72%), bisexual girls (66%), and gay/queer boys (66%). When examined by gender identity, transgender youth reported the highest rates of sexual harassment – 81%. Overall, the most common modes for sexual harassment were in-person followed by online. Distress in the form of interference with school, family, and/or friends; creating a hostile environment; or being very/extremely upset was reported by about half of the sexually harassed bisexual girls and lesbian/queer girls, 65% of the gender non-conforming/other gender youth, and 63% of the transgender youth. Youth with high social support and self-esteem were less likely to report sexual harassment. Findings point to the great importance of sexual harassment prevention for all adolescents, with particular emphasis on the unique needs and experiences of youth of different sexual orientations and gender identities. Socio-emotional programs that emphasize self-esteem building could be particularly beneficial for reducing the likelihood of victimization and lessen the impact when it occurs.

Sexual harassment and bullying: a guide to keeping kids safe and holding schools accountable

1 Introduction 2 1. Sexual Harassment, Title IX, and the U.S. Department of Education, Office for Civil Rights 3 2. Sexual Harassment of Elementary and Special Education Students 4 3. Harassment of Gay Lesbian Bisexual and Transgender Students 5 4. Bullying 6 5. The Difference Between Sexual Harassment and Bullying and Why it Matters 7 6. Cyberharassment and Cyberbullying 8 7. Impact of Sexual Harassment 9 8. Why Don't Schools Stop Sexual Harassment and Bullying? 10 9. The Causes and Contributing Factors 11 10.Additional Laws 12 11. Partnering With Schools to Keep Kids Safe 13 12. Holding Schools Accountable 14 13. Conclusion

Social impact of sexual harassment: a resource manual for organizations and scholars

Social impact of sexual harassment: a resource manual for organizations and scholars

Experiences of Sexual Harassment and Sexual Assault in the Military Among OEF/OIF Veterans: Implications for Health Care Providers

Given the frequent occurrence and significant health impact of sexual harassment and sexual assault in the military, it is important that for health care providers working with Veterans to have at least some basic knowledge in this area. Targeting providers addressing mental health and psychosocial issues, but also applicable to clinicians working with survivors in a variety of capacities, this article provides an overview of clinical care with survivors of sexual trauma in the military, particularly those who are OEF/OIF Veterans. We cover basic background information, focusing primarily on the impact of sexual trauma in the military, how survivor's reactions are shaped by various aspects of the military context, and general principles to assist clinicians in working effectively with survivors, whatever their role.

An Examination of the Perceptions of Sexual Harassment by Sport Print Media Professionals

While the impact of sexual harassment in the workplace has been well documented, little sexual harassment research has been conducted focusing on the women who work in the sport industry. This study explored the extent to which female sport print media professionals (i.e., sports editors, sportswriters, sports columnists) were subjected to sexually harassing behaviors in the workplace. Of the women who participated in the study (N = 112), over half of the participants indicated that they had encountered some form of sexual harassment over the 12 months before participating in the study. The perpetrators included their immediate supervisors, coworkers, members of the sport media, athletes, and employees of sport organizations. The study also identified the forms of sexual harassment encountered and attitudes toward harassment in the workplace. Suggestions on how to prevent harassment toward women in the sport industry are discussed.

University students' perceptions of sexual harassment in the workplace

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to assess whether a gap exists in student perceptions of sexual harassment in the workplace as compared to the realities. Over 20 years following the enactment of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the US Supreme Court recognized sexual harassment as a cause of action under Title VII. However, despite the developing law and public awareness of the same, sexual harassment persists in today's workplace, and its presence and effects continue to be underestimated by relevant stakeholders, including university students.Design/methodology/approachCollege students (n = 1,373) provide perceptions on sexual harassment of self, sexual harassment of others, potential career impact of sexual harassment on self, and demographic information. Descriptive statistics are used to evaluate research questions, while t‐tests determine if differences exist by race and/or gender.FindingsThe paper's findings suggest that the majority of respondents believe sexual harassment is not a serious risk in the modern workplace, especially in relation to its impact on their own careers.Practical implicationsCollege students (and potentially members of the workforce) need ongoing training and education in order to minimize discrimination or harassment. This misalignment between perception and reality poses the risk of negative consequences to both business organizations as well as to individual employees and raises the issue of how education may be used to minimize these consequences.Originality/valueThis paper provides college students with a definition of sexual harassment, then inquires as to whether or not they believe it happens (to them or others), and if so, would it affect their careers. The findings suggest the rose colored lenses may adversely impact their ability to see realities of the workplace.

Sexual Harassment and its Impact for Women Officers and Cadets in the Swedish Armed Forces

We examined the incidence, dimensions, and impact of sexual harassment on women officers and cadets in the Swedish military (N = 324). We expected that harassment rates for direct measures would be lower than for indirect measures; hostile environment harassment would be more prevalent than quid pro quo harassment; and harassment would negatively influence women's job-related outcomes and their psychological and physical health. We found that harassment rates for direct measures were lower than indirect measures; hostile environment harassment was more prevalent than quid pro quo harassment; and harassment was associated with decreased job satisfaction, organizational commitment, work group effectiveness, and psychological and physical health. We discuss the theoretical, methodological, and practical implications of our findings for studying harassment across cultures.

Sexually Harassing Messages: Decoding Workplace Conversation

Research has documented the occurrence and impact of sexual harassment in organizations. Yet, scholars have not considered the way in which the language features of conversation contribute to the construction of verbal sexual harassment. Indirect language features were compiled through an analysis of transcripts from video, audio, and written stimuli used in sexual harassment research and transcripts of sexual harassment training videos. These interactions were analyzed for six language features: (a) relationship attempts, (b) contextually grounded opportunity for (c) multiple meanings including (d) sexual references, and (e) presence of real or presumed power relative to the (f) receiver's indications that the overtures were unwanted. Analyses result in theorem to more clearly specify the manner in which sexual harassment emerges from conversation, a process naturally embedded in the practice of work.

Stalking and Psychosexual Obsession: Psychological Perspectives for Prevention, Policing, and Treatment • Relapse Prevention for Sexual Harassers

Stalking and Psychosexual Obsession: Psychological Perspectives for Prevention, Policing, and Treatment • Relapse Prevention for Sexual Harassers

Beyond the Individual Victim: Linking Sexual Harassment, Team Processes, and Team Performance

Previous sexual harassment research and theory have focused primarily upon the individual level, with little attention to team- or organization-level outcomes. In this article, we extend research on outcomes associated with sexual harassment to the team level with an examination of the relationships between team ambient sexual harassment, team conflict, team cohesion, team citizenship behaviors, and team financial performance. Practical implications and a multilevel model to guide future sexual harassment research are offered. Sexual harassment is widespread, and it has significant negative psychological and job-related consequences for victims (see Schneider, Swan, and Fitzgerald [1997] for a review). Despite the progress that has been made on understanding this phenomenon, researchers know surprisingly little about the impact of sexual harassment beyond the individual level. The exclusive focus upon individuals’ outcomes may lead to neglect of important consequences that sexual harassment has for work teams and for organizations as a whole. The purpose of this article is to advance a multilevel perspective on sexual harassment and to examine team-level processes and outcomes related to team incidence of sexual harassment. Following the results, we highlight future directions for multilevel research on sexual harassment and offer practical implications for management.

The extent and impact of sexual harassment by patients upon staff working at a medium secure facility

This article provides a report on the extent and nature of sexual harassment by patients towards staff. The analysis is based on a large medium secure psychiatric unit in the UK.

Impact of Combat and Sexual Harassment on the Severity of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder among Men and Women Peacekeepers in Somalia

The impact of combat and sexual harassment on the severity of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is compared for 1,307 men and 197 women peacekeepers who served in the same military units. A theoretical model was proposed to express the nature of the impact. Structural equation modeling was used to evaluate the model separately for men and women. Good-fitting, parsimonious models were developed that showed substantial similarity for men and women. For men, severity of PTSD symptoms was impacted by exposure to combat directly and indirectly through fear and sexual harassment. For women, severity of PTSD symptoms was impacted by combat indirectly through the same two influences, although the mechanisms involving fear and sexual harassment were somewhat different. For both genders, moreover, PTSD severity was impacted directly by exposure to the dying of the Somali people. These similarities suggest that in modern stressful overseas military missions, both genders may be susceptible to the same types of risk for the development of PTSD. The incidence and impact of sexual harassment is particularly noteworthy in the case of men and calls for more detailed investigation in future studies.

The Impact of Sexual Harassment on Military Personnel: Is It the Same for Men and Women?

Research in the civilian workplace has documented the serious psychological, health-related, and job-related outcomes of sexual harassment of women by men. The question of whether men experience sexual harassment similarly has more recently been proposed (Berdahl, Magley, & Waldo, 1996; Popovich, Campbell, Everton, Mangan, & Godinho, 1994; Vaux, 1993; Waldo, Berdahl, & Fitzgerald, 1998; Waldo & Magley, 1996), resulting in considerable debate regarding not only the extent of the outcomes of such experiences but also the sex of the offender. This study directly compared outcomes of sexual harassment for men and women utilizing data from the U.S. Department of Defense's (1995) recent gender issues survey. The results of both linear and quadratic regression analyses indicate that within the range of similar experiences, sexual harassment exerts a negative effect on male and female personnel in similar ways on 3 sets of outcomes: psychological, health, and job-related. Three differences emerged, however, suggesting differential experiences of sexual harassment for men and women. First, women were more likely to have been sexually harassed than were men. Second, women experienced sexual harassment at higher frequencies than did men; the negative impact on women, both individually and as a group, is thus considerably more pronounced. Finally, women almost always experienced sexual harassment from men; men were somewhat more likely to experience such behaviors from men than from women.

The Effects of Sexual Harassment on Job Satisfaction, Earnings, and Turnover among Female Lawyers

Using data from the American Bar Association's National Survey of Career Satisfaction/Dissatisfaction (1990), the authors estimate the incidence and impact of sexual harassment in the legal profession. Nearly two-thirds of female lawyers in private practice and nearly half of those in corporate or public agency settings reported either experiencing or observing sexual harassment by male superiors, colleagues, or clients during the two years prior to the survey. Female lawyers who had experienced or observed sexual harassment by male superiors or colleagues reported lower overall job satisfaction than did those who had not, as well as a greater intention to quit. The authors speculate that employers and coworkers may sometimes be able to sexually harass female employees in ways or degrees that are not sanctionable but that induce the victims to quit. Sexual harassment may contribute to an undetermined extent to many aspects of women's employment experience, including absenteeism, turnover, productivity rates and work motivation, job dissatisfaction, and unemployment. —MacKinnon, Sexual Harassment of Working Women

Slipping through the cracks: Sexual harassment, eating problems, and the problem of embodiment

Abstract The impact of sexual harassment on girls' and women's developing concept of their body and self has rarely been examined with the goal of expanding our understanding of weight and shape preoccupation. In this paper we examine how this pervasive form of violence contributes to young women's uneasiness about their developing bodies and results in a disruption of healthy female development that often gets played out in disordered patterns of eating and intense body monitoring.

Sexual Harassment as an Occupational Hazard in Nursing

The primary purpose of this study was to explore female nurses' experiences of sexual harassment and the impact of those experiences in clinical settings. Following a survey of sexual harassment frequency, we conducted in-depth interviews with 10 female nurses to learn more about how sexual harassment affects their work performance and personal well-being. Interviews were content analyzed, yielding the following major themes: descriptions of sexual harassment incidents, nurses' responses to the incidents, impact of sexual harassment, and interpretations and attributions about the incidents. Despite the common response of avoiding the harasser or ignoring the behavior, participants recommended increased awareness of sexual harassment, active and direct responses, and appropriate sanctions by supervisors to discourage harassing behavior. Areas for future research on the impact of sexual harassment in health care settings were identified.