Impact Of Sexual Harassment Research Articles

Upaya Pencegahan Sexual Harrasment Dan Ciber Bullying Pada Remaja Tengah

Sexual harassment and cyberbullying are two serious issues that are increasingly troubling society in this digital era, especially among teenagers and young adults. Both of these issues have a profound and lasting impact on victims, and reflect broader societal challenges. The impact of sexual harassment and cyberbullying on victims is very deep and long-lasting. In addition to the psychological trauma that can be long-lasting, victims often experience impairments in their social, academic, and professional functioning. Shyness, social isolation, and loss of confidence are some of the common consequences faced. In extreme cases, the impact can lead to severe depression or even suicidal thoughts. One way to increase understanding that needs to be done is by means of socialization in efforts to prevent sexual harassment and cyber bullying by socializing it is hoped that adolescent understanding can increase, with increased understanding that occurs can prevent adolescents from becoming victims or perpetrators. With this socialization, it also raises awareness about sexual harassment and cyber bullying. A good education helps adolescents understand what sexual harassment and cyber bullying are, including their forms and impacts. This understanding is important so that individuals can recognize signs of violence or bullying and not underestimate the problems they may be facing

Impact of Sexual Harassment on Female Students’ Educational Experience in Higher Education in Quetta City

Sexual harassment is a global phenomenon. The instances of harassment range from work place to educational institutions. Hence, sexual harassment prevails in every setting of society. But, the causes, nature and extent of harassment vary from place to place and culture. Therefore, impact of harassment on the victims also varies. There has been considerable research on the causes, prevalence and impact of harassment across the globe. The causes also vary due to different cultural contexts. Moreover, there has been legislation on international and national levels to curb this social issue but still cases of harassment pour in news from different corners of the world. There have been cases of sexual harassment in educational institutions of Pakistan for a couple of years. Furthermore, several researches have been conducted in Pakistan to evaluate the causes and consequences of SH in work place settings, but there has not been enough research on SH in educational settings especially on the effects of SH on the academic performances of the students. Hence, the current study was conducted under the objectives of finding the impact of harassment on educational experience of females studying in higher educational institutions in Quetta city. The study also contained two other objectives i.e. prevalence of harassment in higher educational institutions of Quetta city and understanding or perception of the concept of harassment by the subject female students. Results of the study found that Sexual harassment is prevalent in the higher educational institutions of Quetta city and it affects the studies of the students considerably with varying degrees. Finally, recommendations are also given after results and conclusion.

Using a digital app to monitor the effects of sexual harassment on mental health

Purpose Sexual harassment on public transport puts women at risk of mental health problems, apart from disrupting their lives and the harmful social consequences. This is especially the case for Pakistani women, for whom sexual harassment has been on the rise for the past decade. This study aims to explore how Pakistani women use strategies to cope with sexual harassment when using public transport and its mediating role in their issues with mental health. Design/methodology/approach Given that the data collection task on such a culturally sensitive topic was crucial, a mobile application for anonymized data collection was used, which appeared to be an effective strategy. Using the mobile application, 1,054 women who use public transport submitted their responses; however, the analysis is based on 250 usable responses. Their experience of harassment was measured using the Sexual Harassment Experience Questionnaire, their mental health using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales and their coping strategies by the Brief Cope Inventory. Findings The results indicate that adaptive coping is a significant negative mediator between sexual harassment and mental well-being, whereas maladaptive coping is non-significant. Adaptive coping, i.e. “Acceptance” to admit the reality that the problem exists with all, and “Religion” to seek help spiritually to deal with the problem. Unfortunately, the findings show no suitable coping means to deal with the impact of sexual harassment on women who travel on public transport. This study also illustrates that using the right technologies can encourage participants to submit responses for culturally sensitive topics. Originality/value This study provides insight into the experience of street harassment in Pakistani women and how it is related to mental health. This study also explores the role of adaptive and maladaptive coping as an intervening variable between street harassment and mental health.

Prevalence and Impact of Workplace Sexual Harassment Experienced by Medical Sonographers.

To assess the prevalence and impact of sexual harassment among a nationwide sample of medical sonographers. A survey was distributed anonymously to a convenience sample of medical sonographers via email contacts and sonographer-specific social media pages. Data were analyzed to determine respondent demographics, the prevalence of sexual harassment in the last 2 years, the type and severity of harassment experienced, demographics of perpetrators, personal and institutional responses to such experiences, and the impact of sexual harassment on sonographer physical and mental health and job satisfaction. Of the 220 sonographers (83% female) most (45%) were between 18 and 34 years and identified as white (81%). A total of 192 (87%) reported experiencing at least 1 incident of harassment within the last 2 years. Female respondents experienced higher harassment rates (76%) compared to males (50%, P = .02). The most common forms of harassment were verbal, including suggestive or sexist jokes (69%) and offensive sexist remarks (61%). Perpetrators were predominantly male (78%) and most commonly patients (89%) or their friends/family members (46%). The majority of respondents either ignored the harassing behavior (70%) or treated it like a joke (50%), with only a minority (12%) officially reporting incidents. Of those who reported, 44% were unsatisfied with their institution's response. Among respondents, 34% reported negative impacts of workplace sexual harassment, such as anxiety, depression, sleep loss, or adverse workplace consequences. Workplace sexual harassment is a common occurrence for sonographers and often leads to negative health and career outcomes. Further institutional policies to prevent harassment and mitigate its effects are needed.

The impact of sexual harassment on women's health and well‐being: A case for studying the casino gaming industry

AbstractThe sexual harassment of women in the casino gaming industry is pervasive and normative, yet the study of harassment and women's employment in this industry remains critically understudied. In this article, I argue the casino gaming industry is an opportune research setting in which to observe the adverse health outcomes and health disparities of workplace sexual harassment. Gaming demonstrates two salient organizational characteristics: (1) a historically male‐dominated, overtly‐sexualized culture that is primed for sexual harassment; and (2) a highly diverse, predominantly immigrant and minority workforce. As such, studying sexual harassment in the gaming industry may help in gaining key theoretical insights into who is more likely to a be target of sexual harassment; the forms in which harassment manifests (gendered, racialized, and class‐based); and who is more likely to experience its adverse health and job‐related outcomes. As more studies are warranted to disentangle the complexity of gender, race, class, citizenship status, and power in sexual harassment, and these factors intersecting and multiplying impacts on women's health and well‐being, I recommend linking the literature on sexual harassment and health with the gaming‐hospitality literature.

What is the Impact of Sexual Harassment on the Wellbeing Tertiary Institution Students?

What is the Impact of Sexual Harassment on the Wellbeing Tertiary Institution Students?

Sexual harassment among educators and learners in rural high schools in Morocco: A case story

Sexual harassment remains a pressing issue in sensitive realms such as educational settings, with high schools being particularly vulnerable environments. This case study delves into the disturbing reality of sexual harassment among educators and learners alike in a specific high school that is situated in the suburbs of the historical town of Meknes, Morocco. In order to shed light on the detrimental consequences of this critical issue for all stakeholders involved, the study employs a qualitative research design; data were collected through interviews, observations, and document analysis to explore the experiences of the parties involved. The aim behind this study is to reveal the intrinsic causes and side effects that lead some educators to molest some of their students inside the “sacred realm” of school. Moreover, the case story highlights the lasting impact of sexual harassment on victims' mental health and academic performance, as well as the broader repercussions on the school community. Before emphasizing the need for policies and training in high schools to combat this pervasive issue and promote inclusive learning environment, wherein educators and learners can thrive without fear of harassment and to nurture a culture of respect, equity, and dignity for all. The findings unveil a number of themes for analysis and the generation of final results.

Middle School Psychological Distress and Sexual Harassment Victimization as Predictors of Dating Violence Involvement.

Adolescent sexual harassment victimization is increasingly recognized as a strong risk factor for dating violence victimization and perpetration. Research on this association has focused on older adolescents and on sexual harassment at a single time point rather than chronic exposure. Furthermore, potential mechanisms, such as psychological distress, are not well understood. The goals of this study were to identify whether sexual harassment victimization and psychological distress were reciprocally related, whether chronic psychological distress and sexual harassment victimization in early adolescence were associated with higher levels of dating violence involvement measured in mid-adolescence, and whether these relationships differed between boys and girls. We used longitudinal data from 4,718 US middle school students to fit regression models for the associations between sexual harassment victimization and psychological distress. We then used data from a subset of 1,279 students followed up in high school to fit marginal structural models for sixth- to eighth-grade psychological distress and sexual harassment victimization as predictors of dating violence involvement measured in ninth grade. We found that (1) sexual harassment victimization was positively, concurrently associated with psychological distress, with a stronger association among girls than boys; (2) psychological distress was positively, prospectively associated with sexual harassment victimization among girls but not boys; (3) chronic sixth- to eighth-grade psychological distress was not significantly associated with dating violence victimization or perpetration measured in ninth grade; and (4) chronic sixth- to eighth-grade sexual harassment victimization was associated with significantly higher levels of dating violence victimization and perpetration measured in ninth grade. The results support a reciprocal relationship between distress and sexual harassment victimization for early adolescent girls, and they call for further attention to gender differences in the content and impact of sexual harassment. Furthermore, the findings indicate that preventing sexual harassment in early adolescence may be critical in reducing dating violence.

Impact of Sexual Harassment and Social Support on Burnout in Physician Mothers.

Background: Burnout affects >50% of physicians, especially women. This study aimed to examine how negative workplace interactions can predict burnout, and whether positive social interactions can mitigate risk. Materials and Methods: In a study of 1627 physician mothers who responded to a survey by the Physician Moms Group, an online Facebook group, we first examined the association between workplace sexual harassment and burnout. In an embedded experiment, we then measured the causal impact of priming perceived social support and connectedness on the three dimensions of employee burnout. Results: Two-thirds of respondents reported having experienced sexual harassment in the past year. Sexual harassment by patients was associated with 0.27 points higher emotional exhaustion, one dimension of burnout (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.12-0.41), equivalent to the predicted impact of an additional 22 weekly work hours on emotional exhaustion. Sexual harassment by patients was also associated with 0.40 points higher patient depersonalization, another dimension of burnout (95% CI 0.27-0.53). Sexual harassment by colleagues was associated with 0.16 points higher emotional exhaustion (95% CI 0.02-0.30), but not other dimensions of burnout. We found no significant relationship between experiences of sexual harassment and levels of personal accomplishment (the third dimension of burnout) among this sample. Priming physician mothers to reflect on their connectedness with other physician mothers significantly increased their sense of personal accomplishment. The priming intervention did not yield a significant effect on emotional exhaustion or depersonalization. Conclusions: Negative and positive social interactions each affect different dimensions of burnout. Sexual harassment-a pervasive type of negative social interaction-strongly predicts emotional exhaustion and depersonalization. Reflecting on social connectedness-a type of positive social interaction-can improve one's sense of personal accomplishment with an effect similar in magnitude to more intensive in-person interventions, suggesting that social connectedness through online groups merits further consideration as a tool to mitigate burnout.

Impact of Sexual Harassment on the Overall Well-Being of Female Senior Non-Teaching Workers of Public Tertiary Institutions in Ogun State, Nigeria

Cases of inappropriate sexual behaviours have been on the increase in Nigerian society and they transcend age limits and gender of the victims. This study examined the impact of sexual harassment on the overall well-being of female senior non-teaching workers of public tertiary institutions in Ogun State, Nigeria. Three research hypotheses were formulated and a descriptive research design was adopted for the study. The population used was 150 female senior non-teaching workers from the selected public tertiary institutions in Ogun State, Nigeria. Purposive and simple random sampling techniques were used to select 50 samples from each of the selected tertiary institutions. The data collected was analysed using descriptive statistic of frequency and percentage while inferential statistics was used to test the hypotheses. The findings of the study revealed that sexual harassment has a significant impact on the overall well-being of female senior non-teaching workers. Based on the findings of this study, it was recommended that the proprietors of these public institutions should make relevant legislation and regulations to guide against this as there seems to be no specific punishment for sexual harassment in the code of conduct of these institutions aside from lumping it up under general misconduct.

Sexual harassment and organisational silencing in nursing: a cross-sectional study in Greece

ObjectiveThis study investigates the frequency of sexual harassment among female nurses in the Greek health system and the nurses’ reluctance to report their experiences.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingGreece.Participants1264 female nurses of working age...

Sexual harassment and assault predict sleep disturbances and is partly mediated by nightmares: Findings from a national survey of all university students in Norway.

Sexual harassment and assault is common in most domains of society, and has been linked to several adverse outcomes, including reduced sleep quality. However, less is known about the possible impact of sexual harassment and assault on various sleep problems among university students. In a sample of 49,051 students in Norway (69.2% women), we examined i) the associations of varying extents of sexual harassment (unwanted sexual comments, looks or gestures, photographs, indecent exposure, and physical harassment) and sexual assault (attempted or completed rape), with meeting Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition (DSM-5) diagnostic criteria of insomnia and with sleep duration, ii) the association of cumulative exposure to sexual harassment/assault with insomnia and sleep duration, and iii) to what extent nightmares could explain the association between sexual harassment and insomnia and sleep duration. For both genders, all forms of harassments with the exception of "indecent exposure" and "unwanted sexual photographs" for men were negatively associated with sleep duration, with the strongest associations being found for "rape" and "attempted rape". For both genders, the odds of insomnia increased as a function of cumulative harassment exposure. Similarly, a graded, negative association was found between cumulative harassment and sleep duration for both genders. Mediation analyses showed that 28% of the observed association between cumulative harassment and insomnia, and 15% of the association between cumulative harassment and sleep duration, was mediated by frequency of nightmares.

Sexual harassment of oncologists.

11001 Background: Few studies have used comprehensive validated measures to investigate the incidence and impact of workplace sexual harassment experienced by physicians (and none, to our knowledge, by oncologists). Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey of ASCO’s Research Survey Pool with targeted social media outreach to examine the prevalence and types of sexual harassment (SH) experienced by oncologists. Using the Sexual Experiences Questionnaire (SEQ), we measured their work experience of three SH forms (gender harassment [GH], unwanted sexual attention [USA], sexual coercion [SC]) in the past year by institutional insiders (peers/superiors) and patients/families separately. Controlling for race, career stage & specialty, multivariable (MV) regression models assess the impact of SH (independent variable) on 4 dependent variables of mental health (MHI5), perceptions of workplace safety (single item), job satisfaction (MOAQ) & 3-item measure of turnover intentions (in non-trainees). Results: Of 271 respondents, 250 were physicians in practice and 21 were residents/fellows; 153 (56%] were women, 168 (62%) practiced in academic settings & 227 (84%) were medical oncologists. SH by peers/superiors was reported by 189 (70%) overall, including 80% of women and 56% of men (p<0.0001). GH was reported by 79% of women and 55% of men (p<0.0001), USA by 22% of women and 9% of men (p=0.005), and SC by 3% of women and 2% of men (p=0.42). SH by patients and/or families was reported by 67% of women and 35% of men (p<0.0001), GH by 66% of women and 34% of men (p<0.0001), USA by 5% women and 6% men (p=0.80), and SC by 1% women and 1% men (p=0.72). MV analysis showed past-year SH from peers/superiors was significantly associated with decreased mental health (β -0.45, p 0.004), workplace safety (β -0.98, p<0.001) and increased turnover intentions (β 0.93, P<0.0001). SH from patients/families was similarly significantly associated with mental health (β -0.41, p 0.002), workplace safety (β -0.42, p 0.014) and turnover intentions (β 0.58, p 0.0004). SH from insiders (β -0.64, p 0.001) but not patients (p 0.55) was significantly associated with job satisfaction. Furthermore, there were no significant interactions between the respondents’ gender and the SH scores in any of the models of impact. Conclusions: This is the first study in oncology to systematically characterize the incidence of sexual harassment experienced by oncologists. Our findings demonstrate the impact of sexual harassment on men and women oncologists on multiple domains of workplace experience. This study provides critical data to inform the need for and design of effective protective and preventive workplace policies in oncology.

Sexual harassment as perceived and experienced by male and female restaurant employees

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to gain knowledge about sexual harassment as perceived and experienced by male and female restaurant employees. The research was carried out by using an online survey and five interviews. The 137 participants of the survey and the five interviewees are all students at a university of applied sciences in the Netherlands who work or have worked in the restaurant industry. The results indicate that females label more incidents as sexual harassment than males; that females experienced more incidents of sexual harassment from guests than males did; and that sexual harassment negatively affects both females’ and males’ motivation and well-being. Based on the incidence and impact of sexual harassment, we recommend raising awareness and educating people from an early age regarding sexual harassment and to insist that every restaurant has a proper policy and training programme to prevent and penalise sexual harassment.

Sexual Harassment Experience, Gender Harassment and Body Objectification Effect on Disordered Eating Tendencies

Various research on sexual harassment and gender harassment confirms the adverse effects on a person's physical and emotional health (Shrier, 1990), but so far, little is known about the impact of sexual harassment and gender harassment on one's body objectification and links to disordered eating behavior. Sexual harassment and gender harassment are not only based on gender stereotypes but also play an essential role in supporting gender norms in society by regulating what is seen as acceptable and unacceptable behavior, and appearance for gender. According to the theory of body objectification (Fredrickson, Roberts, 1997), both forms of gender discrimination can induce attention to one's body and appearance, which ultimately can lead to reduced satisfaction of one's body (Szymanski et al. 2011). Since body dissatisfaction is one of the leading causes of eating disorders (Brechan, Kvalem, 2015; Cruz-Sáez et al. 2018), it is important to have a better understanding of sexual harassment and gender harassment relationship with body objectification and disordered eating behavior. The study aims to assess the relationships between sexual harassment and gender harassment experiences, body-objectification, and disordered eating behavior tendencies. 181 (23 males, 158 females) aged 18-38 (M=24.12) participated in this research. Sexual Harassment Experience Questionnaire (Fitzgerald et al. 1998) was used to measure both Unwanted Sexual Attention (Cronbach α – 0,893) and Quid Pro Quo sexual harassment (Cronbach α – 0,876), and Gender Harassment experience (Cronbach α – 0,868). Objectified Body Consciousness Scale (McKinley et al. 1996) was used to measure body objectification: Body Shame (Cronbach α – 0,825) and Body Surveillance (Cronbach α – 0,804). The Eating Attitudes Test (Garner et al. 1979) was used to evaluate disordered eating behavior tendencies: Dieting (Cronbach α – 0,924), Bulimia and Food Preoccupation (Cronbach α – 0,725) and Oral Control (Cronbach α – 0,714). The results revealed significant sexual harassment and gender harassment experience differences between genders showing that women report significantly higher results of all forms of sexual harassment and gender harassment than men. Data analysis also revealed a statistically significant relationship between higher results of sexual harassment, gender harassment experience, and more pronounced disordered eating tendencies and higher body objectification. Data analysis has shown that gender harassment experience is a significant prognostic factor for higher body surveillance and body shame results, more frequent dieting.

Sexual Harassment Among Medical Students: Prevalence, Prediction, and Correlated Outcomes.

Few studies are dedicated to understanding the extent and impact of sexual harassment among medical students. The aim of this study was to use behaviorally specific measures to examine prevalence of sexual harassment toward medical students. Associated mental health and academic impacts were also studied. A multisite survey was conducted at four medical schools. Sexual harassment was measured using the Sexual Experiences Questionnaire (SEQ), a valid and reliable instrument. Students were also surveyed about depressive and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and their level of academic engagement. We also assessed their perceptions of institutional response and whether they felt safe at their institution. The final sample included 524 medical students (response rate = 13%). Findings revealed that 36.6% reported sexual harassment by a faculty/staff member and 38.5% reported harassment by a fellow student. The odds of harassment by faculty/staff, as well as peers, were significantly higher for women with an adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 9.83, 95% confidence interval (CI) = [3.74, 25.80] and multiracial students with an AOR: 2.93, 95% CI: [1.16, 7.39]. Those who experienced sexual harassment were more likely to report academic disengagement and symptoms of depression and PTSD. Sexual harassment in medical schools can potentially limit a student's academic success and negatively impact their mental health. Supportive services and efforts to address peer and professional cultures that promote harassment are needed. Experiences of harassment require swift and competent responses by medical school leadership in collaboration with occupational and/or student health services to mitigate detrimental impacts and support medical students throughout their training.

Sexual harassment reported by undergraduate female physicists

Sexual harassment occurs more frequently in male-dominated fields and physics is a more male-dominated field than most other science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields. Thus, it is important to examine the occurrence and impact of sexual harassment on women in physics. A survey of undergraduate women, who attended a conference for undergraduate women in physics, revealed that approximately three quarters (74.3%; 338/455) of survey respondents experienced at least one type of sexual harassment. This sample was recruited from a large fraction of undergraduate women in physics in the United States. We find that certain types of sexual harassment predict a negative sense of belonging and exacerbate the imposter phenomenon. The types of sexual harassment that predict these outcomes, both forms of gender harassment, while seemingly less severe types of harassment, have been found to have substantially negative personal and professional consequences. These findings are important since prior work has found that sense of belonging and the imposter phenomenon are related to students’ persistence in STEM fields. Our results have implications for understanding and improving persistence in physics by informing the community about the occurrence of sexual harassment and its effects so that we can begin to work towards reducing its occurrence and mitigating its effects.Received 17 September 2018DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevPhysEducRes.15.010121Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article’s title, journal citation, and DOI.Published by the American Physical SocietyPhysics Subject Headings (PhySH)Research AreasDiversity & inclusionLearning environmentPhysics Education Research

Third Party Perceptions of Organizations Facing Sexual Harassment Claims

Sexual harassment is one of the most prevalent forms of workplace aggression. Existing research focuses primarily on the impact of sexual harassment on its direct victim(s). Although some work examines sexual harassment’s impact on bystanders within the same organization, the psychology underlying third party perceptions is largely unknown. In the current contribution, we propose and test a theoretical model for third party perceptions of organizations that face sexual harassment claims as a function of organizations’ responses to those claims. Namely, we theorize that learning of a sexual harassment claim in an organization reduces third party perceptions of gender fairness in that organization, which increases support for hiring more women as instead of men, and avoidance of the organization as an employer. Moreover, we find that responses to sexual harassment qualitatively differ from responses to other types of misconduct (e.g., financial fraud). The effects are even more pronounced among those who prefer equality rather than hierarchy between men and women–i.e., those low in social dominance orientation. Moreover, the type of organizational response to sexual harassment claims (e.g., being responsive and timely rather than minimizing and dismissive) significantly shapes third party perceptions of gender fairness, and subsequently, their support for restorative action and distancing from the organization. Overall, this work illuminates the damage that sexual harassment can cause for third party perceptions, and ways to circumvent such damage in terms of optimal organizational responses to sexual harassment claims. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

N52) Impact of Sexual Harassment of Female Nurses at the Workplace

N52) Impact of Sexual Harassment of Female Nurses at the Workplace

“The Daughters of Egypt are a Red Line:” The Impact of Sexual Harassment on Egypt’s Legal Culture

The purpose of this paper is to identify the impact of the rampant sexual harassment phenomenon on Egypt’s legal culture. Having been vaguely defined in Egyptian laws and largely condoned by the society and justice system, sexual harassment increased over the years in both occurrences and intensity of violence. As a result, legal initiatives and grassroots movements arose attempting to criminalise sexual harassment and end social acceptability of the issue. With the fall of Mubarak, the human rights movements optimistically continued the request for an anti-sexual harassment law, and with the continuing political turmoil, the battle was more arduous than expected. Three years after the uprising, sexual harassment was finally criminalized and efforts to change public attitudes toward it continue, but the will of the state to enforce the law, beyond statements and promises, is yet to be proven.