Impact Of Role Models Research Articles

The Impact of Role Models on Women's Self-Selection in Competitive Environments

We show that female role models increase women's willingness to compete. As in Niederle and Vesterlund (2007), we find that women are less willing to enter a tournament than men, although there are no gender differences in performance. However, the gender gap in tournament entry disappears if subjects are exposed to a competitive female role model. Results are stronger for the best performing women who seem to be particularly encouraged by female role models. Female role models also mitigate gender stereotype threats and lead to higher self-confidence among women. By contrast, we find that competitive male role models seem to intimidate female subjects and increase the gender gap in tournament entry even further. Our results have implications for the socio-political debate on how the fraction of women in top management positions can be increased.

Role Models and Entrepreneurial Intention: The Moderating Effects of Experience, Locus of Control and Self-Esteem

This article demonstrates that the impact of role models (RMs) on students’ self-efficacy and entrepreneurial intention is moderated by their entrepreneurial experience and personality variables such as self-esteem and locus of control. 276 students enrolled in an entrepreneurship education programs (EEPs) were exposed to either a positive or a negative sensitisation message by alumni who became entrepreneurs to test its impact on the students’ self-efficacy and entrepreneurial intention. Findings indicate that students with entrepreneurial experience, high self-esteem and internal locus of control are less impacted by entrepreneurial role models. We discuss the relevance and effectiveness of role models in EEPs.

Impact of Role Model on Behavioral and Purchase Intentions among Youngsters: Empirical Evidence from Karachi, Pakistan

Impact of Role Model on Behavioral and Purchase Intentions among Youngsters: Empirical Evidence from Karachi, Pakistan

Black South African women in construction: cues for success

Purpose – This paper aims to describe the findings of interviews based on a questionnaire and a focus group discussion (conducted in 2011) with three Black women employees who were part of a 2006 study, which canvassed 176 employees and employers, in which carpentry was found to be considered the most accessible and appropriate skills area for women, and chronicles their development and assessment of current employment for women in construction. Design/methodology/approach – The focus group was made up of the women from the 2006 study still in the same employment or better positions in the same company Neil Muller Construction (NMC) after five years. Women from NMC, in particular, were selected because the company has been considered a best practice example and therefore would provide an interesting context in terms of the issues around retention of women and potentially a model for the industry. Foci are female representation, barriers, conditions, skills acquisition and employers’ attitudes to family responsibilities. In particular, measures to support women and the impact of role models and mentoring programmes are discussed. Findings – The results of the 2011 focus group study show that positive measures for women to work in construction are developing, both through legislation (e.g. the Construction Charter) and company efforts such as those of NMC. Both the 2006 and 2011 studies highlighted that female attributes such as being peacekeepers on site were considered favourable, indicating a positive shift in attitude regarding women working in construction. Research limitations/implications – There has been and remains a paucity of research into and literature on the topic of women in the construction industry, particularly working at the skills level. Practical implications – The paper has practical implications for employers wanting to increase employment and retention of women on site by providing a best practice example. Social implications – Increased employment of women is a statuary requirement of South African employment law. Women are, on average, the lowest wage earners. Originality/value – The paper reviews challenges for women in construction and ways these can be circumvented through interaction between industry and companies. The challenges are entry and retention because of the practices and attitudes typical in a male-dominated work environment. As a follow-up to previous research of 2006 into barriers to entry for women, this paper adds value by considering retention and a best practice example. As women’s lack of knowledge of the sector is also a barrier, this paper contributes to building knowledge. Further research should determine developing trends in terms of women’s representation in the construction industry.

The impact of role models on hand hygiene compliance.

The impact of role models on hand hygiene compliance.

Impact of Role Models on Entrepreneurial Intention of Women Students: A Case for Women Empowerment Through Entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurship has been proved to be an effective tool for empowerment. There are many studies, which show entrepreneurship as great way to empower women across many countries, including both developing and developed countries. Entrepreneurship paves the paths for development and is important for any country’s progress and development. There are very few countries (only seven, according to certain source) where ratio of female entrepreneur is almost equal to their male counterparts. And in most of the countries the ratio of women entrepreneur is very poor. There are many researches which explores role the entrepreneurship in women empowerment. Theory of planned behavior (TPB) is applied as our model to predict relationship between entrepreneurial-intention and the mediating variable attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control and role models. The research shall use entrepreneurial intention scale developed by Linan and Chen (2009). This instrument contains three dimensions attitude, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control. Fourth dimension Role Model is adopted and developed from various researches to suit the requirement of the study. The research demonstrate the attitude of women students toward entrepreneurship and their likeliness of starting a venture. There are many factors which determine the level of entrepreneurial activities in a country. The main factors explored in past researches, apart from demographics, includes personality status, economic status and social status etc. Present study will explore four factors: Attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control and Role model.In India there are very few researches, which explore the entrepreneurial intention from behavioral intention perspective. This research shall be one-step further towards understanding entrepreneurship from behavioral aspect.

Entrepreneurial Management Capabilities- The Differential Effect of Role Models

Entrepreneurs require a variety of skills and competencies to successfully manage an enterprise. As the business grows, the need for incorporating professional management practices increases which necessitates in possessing entrepreneurial management capabilities. However, such skills and capabilities are a function of various factors. Existence of role models is one among such socio-demographic factors. The purpose of this research is to understand the impact of role models on entrepreneurial management capabilities of those who wish to take-up entrepreneurship as a career. A sample of 200 management students were selected and served with a questionnaire schedule and the responses are statistically tested through ANOVA and T-Test. The analysis concludes that role models exert a significantly positive influence on the entrepreneurial management capabilities. Among the five components considered, four, namely, autonomy, risk taking, pro activeness and drive and energy are significantly affected by the existence of role models. Whereas the component of self-confidence prevails uniformly across the sample despite the prevalence of role models. Thus the effect of role models on the entrepreneurial management capabilities proves to be highly significant.

Impact of Role Models and Policy Exposure on Support for Tobacco Control Policies in Hangzhou, China

To examine how expectations of role models concerning smoking and exposure to tobacco control policies are associated with people's support for smoking bans. Face-to-face interviews were conducted using multistage sampling. Employed structural equation modeling to examine the relationships and multi-group analysis to compare cross-group difference between smokers and non-smokers. Expectations of role models were found to be significantly associated with support for FCTC policies related to smoking. Policy exposure indirectly relates to policy support. Cross-group differences between smokers and non-smokers were not significant. Expectations of role models are strong predictors of support for FCTC tobacco control policy among Chinese urban residents; policy exposure is associated with policy support indirectly through the influence of expectations of role models. Policymakers should utilize social roles to promote tobacco control measures.

In Pursuit of the MD: The Impact of Role Models, Identity Compatibility, and Belonging Among Undergraduate Women

Women continue to face gender-related challenges in the medical field in places around the world where it has traditionally been male-dominated, including in the U.S. In an online experimental study with women attending a mid-sized public university in the Northeastern U.S. (N= 55) who were interested in pursuing a pre-medical track (being pre-med) as undergraduates, we explored the mechanisms involved in undergraduate women's pursuit of a career as a physician, focusing on three factors: exposure to successful female physician role models, perceived identity compatibility between being a woman and being pre-med, and sense of belonging in pre-med. Participants were randomly assigned to an experimental condition in which they were exposed to information about successful female physicians, or to a control condition in which no information about female physicians was provided. First, as hypothesized, participants exposed to successful female physicians reported higher perceived identity compatibility, sense of belonging, and interest in a medical career compared to those in the control condition. Second, also as hypothesized, perceived identity compatibility mediated the effect of role models on sense of belonging, and sense of belonging mediated the relationship between perceived identity compatibility and interest in a medical career. This study highlights three key factors in women's pursuit of a career as a physician and the process through which these factors may operate. Findings support the use of role models to set a positive psychosocial process in motion that can support women's persistence in medicine.

The Impact of Role Models on Health Outcomes for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Youth

There is little research on the impact of role models on health outcomes for lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) youth. This exploratory study describes the presence and availability of LGBT-affirming role models, and examines the relationship between the accessibility of role models and health outcomes among a community-based sample of LGBT youth. A convenience sample of 496 ethnically diverse, 16-24-year-old LGBT youth was recruited to complete a computer-assisted interview, using standardized instruments validated with adolescents. The prevalence and characteristics of role models were described. Differences in subgroup distribution were assessed using Pearson χ(2) test (p < .05). Differences in health outcomes for those with and without role models and the nature of those role models were determined using analysis of covariance models, with post hoc Bonferroni tests to probe significant global findings. Sixty percent of the participants reported having a role model, with younger participants significantly more likely to report having a role model. A majority of the participants reported having inaccessible role models, especially among younger participants. The presence and accessibility of a role model did not have a significant relationship to binge drinking, drug use, or sexually transmitted infection diagnoses; however, participants with inaccessible role models showed increased psychological distress versus those with accessible or no role models. Inaccessible role models may not be sufficient for protecting youth from negative outcomes, and formal mechanisms for connecting LGBT youth with caring adults who can serve as role models, such as mentoring programs, are critical.

A Failing Medical Educational Model: A Self-Assessment by Physicians at All Levels of Training of Ability and Comfort to Deliver Bad News

Patient surveys consistently show physician communication remains less than ideal. While previous studies have demonstrated a lack of trainee confidence in delivering bad news, our study explores communication skills at all levels of practice and highlights potential barriers to improvement. Pediatric residents, fellows, and attendings involved in direct patient care at a major academic center participated in a voluntary questionnaire, consisting of self-assessed scales of comfort level, knowledge level, amount of training, and attitudes towards communication education. We also elicited barriers to learning and teaching as well as significant experiences. Eligible responses (n = 253) were evenly divided between trainees and faculty. Almost half of attendings and two thirds of fellows did not feel sufficiently knowledgeable to deliver bad news. Many attendings felt disproportionately more comfortable than they felt knowledgeable. All trainees felt insufficiently knowledgeable for independent practice of this skill. Educational barriers centered on time constraints, a deemphasis, a lack of positive modeling, and minimal awareness of existing resources. Poor experiences revolved around inappropriate language and settings as well as insufficient empathy or preparedness. Positive anecdotes highlighted the importance of education and the impact of role models. Independent of level of training, this study reveals a lack of self-assessed preparedness from many responsible for delivering bad news to patients and families. A significant barrier to improvement is the disproportionate level of self-assessed comfort versus knowledge level. Educational models should include both didactics to learn the skills and practice-based learning to refine the techniques.

Teaching medical ethics: what is the impact of role models? Some experiences from Swedish medical schools

The goal of the present study was to elucidate what influences medical students’ attitudes and interests in medical ethics. At the end of their first, fifth and last terms, 409...

Closing the gap between internal medicine training and practice: Recommendations from recent graduates

Closing the gap between internal medicine training and practice: Recommendations from recent graduates

The impact of role models on medical students.

To explore the relationship between exposure to clinical role models during medical school and the students' choice of clinical field for residency training, and to estimate the strength of this association. Cross-section study. McGill University School of Medicine, Montreal, Canada. Of the 146 graduating medical students in the class of 1995, 136 participated. Clinical field chosen by students for residency training and the students' assessment of their exposure to and interaction with physician role models were the main measurements. Ninety percent of graduating students had identified a role model or models during medical school. Personality, clinical skills and competence, and teaching ability were most important in the selection of a role model, while research achievements and academic position were least important. Odds ratios between interacting with "sufficient" role models in a given clinical field and choosing that same clinical field for residency were 12.8 for pediatrics, 5.1 for family medicine, 4.7 for internal medicine, and 3.6 for surgery. Most students (63%) received career counseling and advice from their role models. Exposure to role models in a particular clinical field is strongly associated with medical students' choice of clinical field for residency training. Knowing which characteristics students look for in their role models should help identify the physicians who may be most influential in medical students' career choice.

The Impact of Role Models on Medical Students

The Impact of Role Models on Medical Students

TOWARD WHOLESOME NURTURE: CHALLENGES IN THE RELIGIOUS EDUCATION OF ASIAN NORTH AMERICAN FEMALE CHRISTIANS

Abstract What factors come into play in the religious education of female Christians whose identity is rooted in Asia's great civilizations and faiths? How appropriate or adequate are programs and resources designed with mainstream Christians in mind? This paper begins by addressing three specific areas: (a) image‐forming sources (sociocultural, Judaeo‐Christian scriptures, and contemporary fiction/films); (b) “in‐terreligious dialogue within the self”; and (c) the impact of role models or the lack thereof. Educational strategies embodying liberative praxis with the goal of working toward more wholesome and holistic nurture and education for these Christians are then explored.

Tobacco Truths: The Impact of Role Models on Children's Attitudes toward Smoking

The present study assessed the impact of parents, peers, siblings, cigarette advertising, and sponsorship as role models influencing attitudes toward smoking and smoking behavior in seventh- and eleventh-grade students. The participants completed an anonymous questionnaire concerning their current and future smoking behavior, attitudes toward a cigarette advertising ban, general attitudes toward smoking, and smoking status of parents and siblings. Fifty-one percent of the smokers reported that they are not likely to be smoking in the future. Smokers were found to have less negative attitudes than never smokers. Seventh-grade students who admitted to being triers or smokers had less negative attitudes toward smoking than eleventh-grade students. Parent smoking had no impact on attitudes. However, if a sibling smoked, the respondents' attitudes toward smoking were less negative. Students appeared to be more aware of sport sponsorship than conventional advertising. Most never smokers favored a total cigarette advertising ban, versus only 35% of smokers. Results from this study suggest that intervention programs need to address nicotine addiction and be in place before grade seven. Investigations is further warranted in the shaping of attitudes toward smoking.