Impact Of Nutritional Interventions Research Articles

Impact of Nutrition Interventions on Vitamin and Mineral Intake among Native American Children and Parents: Insights from Food Resource Equity for Sustainable Health (FRESH) Study.

The Food Resource Equity for Sustainable Health (FRESH) study started as a tribe community-based nutrition education program in 2018, implemented with children and parents in Osage Nation. The purpose of the FRESH study is to examine the effects of a farm-to-school family intervention on diet. The FRESH study did not directly intervene on adult caregiver participants' diet, and, as far as we know, it is the first of its kind to implement a farm-to-school intervention in rural/tribally owned Early Childhood Education. Two communities received intervention and two served as wait-list controls. Outcomes included diet and other secondary health outcomes including vitamin and mineral intake. There were 193 children (n = 106 intervention; n = 87 control) and 170 adults (n = 93 intervention; n = 77 control) enrolled. Among adult caregiver participants, carbohydrate, cholesterol, and caffeine intake significantly decreased after the intervention (p < 0.05). There is a hidden hunger issue among caregivers in Native American populations. The family-based nutritional intervention, which includes educational components for caregivers, might have some effect on improving micronutrient status. Future studies focusing on key micronutrients through efficient methods are warranted.

Nutritional Status, Dietary Intake, and Nutrition-Related Interventions Among Older Adults With Type 1 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Call for More Evidence Toward Clinical Guidelines.

There is an emerging population of older adults (≥65 years) living with type 1 diabetes. Optimizing health through nutrition during this life stage is challenged by multiple and ongoing changes in diabetes management, comorbidities, and lifestyle factors. There is a need to understand nutritional status, dietary intake, and nutrition-related interventions that may maximize well-being throughout the life span in type 1 diabetes, in addition to nutrition recommendations from clinical guidelines and consensus reports. Three reviewers used Cochrane guidelines to screen original research (January 1993-2023) and guidelines (2012-2023) in two databases (MEDLINE and CENTRAL) to characterize nutrition evidence in this population. We found limited original research explicitly focused on nutrition and diet in adults ≥65 years of age with type 1 diabetes (six experimental studies, five observational studies) and meta-analyses/reviews (one scoping review), since in the majority of analyses individuals ≥65 years of age were combined with those age ≥18 years, with diverse diabetes durations, and also individuals with type 1 and type 2 diabetes were combined. Further, existing clinical guidelines (n = 10) lacked specificity and evidence to guide clinical practice and self-management behaviors in this population. From a scientific perspective, little is known about nutrition and diet among older adults with type 1 diabetes, including baseline nutrition status, dietary intake and eating behaviors, and the impact of nutrition interventions on key clinical and patient-oriented outcomes. This likely reflects the population's recent emergence and unique considerations. Addressing these gaps is foundational to developing evidence-based nutrition practices and guidelines for older adults living with type 1 diabetes.

Impact of nutrition intervention on the nutritional status and cognitive function among children (6-12 years) – An Interventional Study from South India

Aim: The aim of this study was to prepare Methotrexate and triherbal loaded topical emulgels for anti-arthritic activity. Methods: The above sources are subjected to soxhlation and aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts of the above three will be prepared. The extracts will be prepared by proper maceration in suitable solvents in required proportions. The resultant extract will be converted into emulgel as follows: The gel portion of the emulgel will be made by dissolving carbopol-934 in cold water with constant stirring at a moderate speed until uniform mixture is obtained. The pH was then adjusted to 6–6.5 using triethanolamine (TEA). Tween 80 was dissolved in distilled water to prepare the aqueous phase of the emulsion while for the preparation of the oil phase of the emulsion; span 80 was dissolved in liquid paraffin. To preserve the emulsion, benzalkonium chloride was dissolved in water and the suitable amounts of extracts and methotrexate is dissolved in ethanol then both solutions are mixed with the aqueous phase. Both the aqueous and the oil phase were heated in a water bath at 70 °C separately. Then the oil phase was added drop wise to the aqueous phase with continuous stirring using homogenizer at speed of 3000 rpm for 10 min then cold to room temperature. At the end the gel and emulsion portions were mixed in 1:1 ratio with moderately stirring to prepare emulgel. The preparation is made viscous to be spreadable on the skin sufficiently without friction by trial-and-error way of mixing different proportions of gelling polymers. The formulation thus prepared is subjected to suitable characterization and evaluation studies and the optimized formulation is reported after obtaining results. Results: Drug-polymer compatibility studies (FT-IR and DSC) showed no incompatibility between the drug and polymer. In- vitro permeation studies though egg membrane showed good drug release in the range of 78.91 to 98.92% over a period of 2 hours. The best formulation was found to be F3 showing in-vitro drug release of 98.92%. The correlation and coefficient (R2) values obtained from the kinetic equation shows the drug release from all the formulation (F1-F9) follow zero order drug release mechanism. Conclusion: It can be concluded that Methotrexate and Triherbal loaded Topical emulgels could be a better formulation approach for Anti-arthritic activity.

Impact of Nutritional Interventions on Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

The most prevalent type of dementia, especially in older persons, is Alzheimer's disease (AD), which has clinical signs of progressive cognitive decline and functional impairment. However, new research indicates that AD patients' dietary patterns and nutritional intake could hold the key to staving off some of the complications. Therefore, the primary aim of this investigation was to analyze various dietary patterns and the subsequent impact of the resulting nutritional intake on AD patients. Various online databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar) were searched using appropriate keywords, reference searches, and citation searches. The databases were accessed using the search phrases "Alzheimer's disease," "dietary habits," "minerals," "nutritional profile," and "vitamins." Fifteen of the 21 investigations that we selected for our systematic review and subsequent meta-analysis revealed that micronutrient supplementation and some dietary patterns were helpful in alleviating a few of the symptoms of AD, especially with regard to the progression of dementia in the assessed patients. It was shown that dietary interventions and nutritional adjustments can considerably delay the onset of AD and the varying degrees of dementia that often accompany it. However, there were some areas of ambiguity in our findings because a few of the chosen studies did not document any noticeable improvements in the patient's conditions.

Impact of nutrition intervention on the nutritional status and cognitive function among children (6-12 years) – An Interventional Study from South India

Impact of nutrition intervention on the nutritional status and cognitive function among children (6-12 years) – An Interventional Study from South India

P17-021-23 Looking Back to Move Forward – Impact of Nutrition Intervention in Earthquake Affected District

P17-021-23 Looking Back to Move Forward – Impact of Nutrition Intervention in Earthquake Affected District

Impact of Nutrition Intervention on Health Indices of Undernourished Punjabi Women: A Cross Sectional Study

Impact of Nutrition Intervention on Health Indices of Undernourished Punjabi Women: A Cross Sectional Study

Impact of Nutrition Intervention Among Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS) Women Beneficiaries in Salem District, Tamil Nadu, India

The study was undertaken to understand the impact of MGNREGS on the livelihood and nutritional status of women in Salem District, Tamil Nadu, India. The primary aim was to assess the socio-demographic, anthropometric, biochemical, clinical and dietary aspects. After non-formal nutrition education all parameters were re-assessed for impact analysis. The cross-sectional research design was utilized to estimate the prevalence of the outcome of interest for a given population. Among 1000 selected MGNREGS women beneficiaries, 500 were taken as samples by random sampling technique in 20 rural development blocks aged 20 to &gt;60 years. A structured questionnaire was used to collect all the information. The data were analyzed for mean, standard deviation and two-tailed test with statistical significance level of (p&lt;0.05) by SPSS 14.0 software. After intervention, improvement in waist-hip ratio was proven to be statistically significant (p=0.044); Comparing the percentage of each physical sites assessed clinically before and after nutrition intervention, Z-test was taken to ensure where the improvement was statistically significant (p&lt;0.05). Nutritional intervention was carried out in their workplace, it is a cost-effective, feasible method and good option to create a higher level of awareness and standard of living among MGNREGS women beneficiaries.

Impact of nutritional intervention on irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in overweight or obese adult women: a systematic review

Impact of nutritional intervention on irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in overweight or obese adult women: a systematic review

Adipose Tissue Aging and Metabolic Disorder, and the Impact of Nutritional Interventions.

Adipose tissue is the largest and most active endocrine organ, involved in regulating energy balance, glucose and lipid homeostasis and immune function. Adipose tissue aging processes are associated with brown adipose tissue whitening, white adipose tissue redistribution and ectopic deposition, resulting in an increase in age-related inflammatory factors, which then trigger a variety of metabolic syndromes, including diabetes and hyperlipidemia. Metabolic syndrome, in turn, is associated with increased inflammatory factors, all-cause mortality and cognitive impairment. There is a growing interest in the role of nutritional interventions in adipose tissue aging. Nowadays, research has confirmed that nutritional interventions, involving caloric restriction and the use of vitamins, resveratrol and other active substances, are effective in managing adipose tissue aging’s adverse effects, such as obesity. In this review we summarized age-related physiological characteristics of adipose tissue, and focused on what nutritional interventions can do in improving the retrogradation and how they do this.

Effectiveness of Integrated Maternal Nutrition Intervention Package on Birth Weight in Rwanda.

Inadequate maternal nutrition before and during pregnancy is a principal risk factor for poor fetal development, resulting in low birth weight (LBW) and subsequently, poor child growth. Most studies focus on the impact of nutritional interventions after birth while only a few interventions consider integrated nutrition service packages. Therefore, there is limited evidence on whether integrated maternal nutrition interventions have a positive effect on birthweight. Thus, a post-program quasi-experimental study was carried out to determine the effectiveness of the integrated maternal nutrition intervention package on low birth weight in Rwanda. A total of 551 mother–baby pairs from the intervention and 545 controls were included in the analysis. Data regarding socio-demographic, maternal anthropometric parameters, and dietary diversity were collected using a structured questionnaire. Birth weight was assessed right after delivery, within 24 h. Logistic regression, linear regression, and path analysis were fitted to determine the effectiveness of the intervention on birth weight. The study found that the intervention reduced LBW by 66.99% (p < 0.001) and increased average birth weight by 219 g (p < 0.001). Logistic regression identified reduced risk of LBW among the intervention group (AOR = 0.23; 95%CI = 0.12–0.43; p < 0.001). It was also observed that the direct effect of the intervention on birth weight was 0.17 (β = 0.17; p < 0.001) and the main indirect mediator was maternal MUAC (β = 0.05; p < 0.001). Moreover, maternal passive smoking exposure and MUAC < 23 cm were found as risk factors for LBW. This study has demonstrated that an integrated maternal nutritional intervention package can significantly reduce LBW in low-income settings and should, therefore, be considered to improve birth weight.

Nutrition Intervention on Surgical Outcome Among Selected Hospitalized Subjects

Type 2 diabetes is a polygenetic disease in which environmental factors and obesity play a major role in disease development. When diabetes is not well managed, complications develop that threaten health and endanger life. People with diabetes are also likely to have chronic muscle-skeletal co-morbidities, especially pre and post operative malnutrition escalates the infection rate and longer stay in hospital. Orthopaedic patients with surgical bone fractures and hip surgeries presented a deteriorating nutritional status, and higher incidence of many health problems. Medical Nutritional Therapy (MNT) is an essential component of inpatients in terms of management of surgical outcome among the diabetic subjects. Hence the present intervention study focused on the incorporation of soy protein in the formulated health mix which was used for the preparation of selected breakfast recipes for the post operative lower limb injured Type 2 diabetic subjects. Impact of nutrition intervention on surgical outcome was analysed. Increase in pre albumin level and reduced surgical site infection and length of stay (p&lt;0.05) in hospital were proving that MNT is an essential component of inpatient which was usually unrecognized among orthopedic inpatients within a tertiary hospital. It was also evident from the study that the incorporation of high biological value protein along with the regular diet (which was easily included in the preparation of common recipes) of lower limb injured hospitalized Type 2 diabetics has significant impact on the increment in serum albumin along with an elevation of Total Lymphocyte TLC (&gt;15), markers of nutritional status insisting the importance of nutritional support as a prevention strategy to decrease the incidence post operative complications among orthopedic subjects.

Nutrition program for outpatients at malnutrition risk improved health-related quality of life outcomes

Rationale: Malnutrition is associated with increased morbidity, mortality, and need for higher healthcare. Little is known about the impact of nutrition interventions on health-related quality of life (QoL) domains (eg, physical, mental, emotional). We assessed the effectiveness of a nutrition-focused quality improvement program (QIP) on health and mental health/well-being and QoL of Colombian older adults presenting for outpatient care post a recent hospitalization and/or for chronic disease management.

Impact of Nutritional Intervention on Taste Perception—A Scoping Review

The aim of the present scoping review was to evaluate the impact of experimental meal loads or observational diet changes/habits on taste tests in both healthy subjects and patients. A systematic search performed in PubMed, Scopus, and Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) Web of Science electronic databases retrieved, respectively 2981, 6258, and 7555 articles from January 2000 to December 2020. A total of 17 articles were included for full-text review. Literature results were stratified according to the observational/interventional approach, the involvement of healthy subjects or patients, the taste test, and the meal/dietary changes. The present scoping review reinforced the notions postulating that certain taste tests (for example focusing on fatty acid, salt, or sugar) might be specifically influenced by the nutritional intervention and that other ones might be susceptible to a wide span of changes beyond the extent of tastant included in the specific food changes. This could also depend on the inhomogeneity of literature trend: The short duration of the intervention or the random type of meal load, unsuitability of the taste test chosen, and the presence of underlying disorders. Future studies for a better comprehension of taste tests reliability in relation to specific food changes are thus to be fostered.

Impact of nutritional interventions among lactating mothers on the growth of their infants in the first 6 months of life: a randomized controlled trial in Delhi, India

ABSTRACTBackgroundIn lower-middle-income settings, growth faltering in the first 6 mo of life occurs despite exclusive breastfeeding.ObjectiveThe aim was to test the efficacy of an approach to improve the dietary adequacy of mothers during lactation and thus improve the growth of their infants.MethodsEligible mother–infant dyads (infants ≤7 d of age) were randomly assigned to either intervention or control groups. Mothers in the intervention group received snacks that were to be consumed daily, which provided 600 kcal of energy—with 25–30% of energy derived from fats (150–180 kcal) and 13% of energy from protein (80 kcal). Micronutrients were supplemented as daily tablets. We provided counseling on breastfeeding and infant-care practices to mothers in both groups. The primary outcome was attained infant length-for-age z scores (LAZ) at 6 mo of age. Secondary outcomes included exclusive breastfeeding proportion reported by the mother, maternal BMI and midupper arm circumference (MUAC), hemoglobin concentrations in mothers and infants, and the proportion of anemic infants at 6 mo of age.ResultsWe enrolled 816 mother–infant dyads. The intervention did not achieve a significant effect on LAZ at 6 mo (adjusted mean difference: 0.09; 95% CI: −0.03, 0.20). Exclusive breastfeeding at 5 mo was higher (45.1% vs. 34.5%; RR: 1.31; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.64) in the intervention group compared with the controls. There were no significant effects on mean hemoglobin concentration or the proportion of anemic infants at 6 mo of age compared with the control group. We noted significant effects on maternal nutritional status (BMI, MUAC, hemoglobin concentration, and proportion anemic).ConclusionsPostnatal supplementation of 600 kcal energy, 20 g protein, and multiple micronutrients daily to lactating mothers did not affect infant LAZ at age 6 mo. Such supplementation may improve maternal nutritional status. This trial was registered at Clinical Trials Registry–India as CTRI/2018/04/013095.

Impact of Nutritional Intervention on Serum Level of Interferon Gamma and Insulin Resistance in Obese Women: Considerations during the COVID-19 Crisis

BACKGROUND: Obesity represents a major epidemic worldwide; it is accompanied by increased oxidative stress and reduction in immune efficacy.&#x0D; AIM: The objective was to assess the impact of a healthy balanced hypocaloric diet with two dietary supplements on obesity related metabolic disorders and interferon gamma production.&#x0D; SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Sixty obese women participated in the study that lasted for 8 weeks. They were divided into two groups, 30 subjects in each group, one group consumed a daily supplement in the form of cookies prepared mainly from corn flour, wheat germ and thyme, and the other consumed a blend composed mainly of barley flour, cocoa powder and ginger powder. All participants have followed a low caloric balanced regimen (1000-1200 KCal/day). Follow-up was performed with anthropometric measurements, dietary recall, and biochemical parameters.&#x0D; RESULTS: After intervention, the results showed a significant reduction in the anthropometric parameters, the obesity related metabolic disorders criteria with significant elevation in total antioxidant and interferon gamma. Positive significant correlations were detected between total antioxidant and interferon gamma and negative significant correlations were detected between interferon gamma with triglycerides, body mass index, percent body fat mass, and hip circumferences.&#x0D; CONCLUSION: All these issues have a very important role in decreasing the infection with covid-19.

The Impact of Nutritional Interventions on Child Health and Cognitive Development

Despite growing policy commitment and decades of extensive research, nutritional deficiencies remain a key challenge for health systems worldwide. In addition to causing significant personal costs for those affected, indirect effects, such as reduced overall human capital accumulation or losses in labor productivity, can impose substantial obstacles for the achievement of economic development goals. This review provides an overview of the impact of key interventions aiming to improve nutritional intake in order to reach better physical health and cognitive outcomes among children in developing countries. We argue that, although promising interventions exist, malnutrition is a complex problem, likely requiring a stronger focus on multifactorial approaches. Moreover, more research is necessary to maximize compliance and sustainability if interventions are to successfully transform into large-scale policy programs. We further discuss the emerging double burden of malnutrition as a key challenge for policy makers in resource-poor settings.

Nutritional intervention promoting Mediterranean diet improves dietary intake and enhances score adherence in adolescent athletes

BACKGROUND: Appropriate nutrition is important to maintain health, growth, and development of adolescent athlete performance. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of nutritional intervention (NI) promoting Mediterranean diet (MD), on food consumption, and adherence to MD, in scholar adolescent athletes. METHODS: Eighty athletes (Females/Males, 39/41) aged 15±1 years participated to NI. MD Adherence was assessed, using Kidmed index, at baseline, and at 6 months. Food intake was evaluated by 24-hour recall at baseline, and at four NI times. RESULTS: At baseline, 61% of athletes had poor MD adherence, and after NI, this value decreased to 10%. At 6 months of NI, 73% of males vs 46% of females had good MD adherence (≥8). Energy intake represented 2369 Kcal/d, at baseline, and was less than recommended value. After NI, significant increase was observed in energy intake (p = 0.001). Mean fiber intake (19 and 21 g/d in females and males, respectively) was less than adequate intake (26/38 g/d), but increased after NI (p = 0.000). Enhancement was noted in total, and complex carbohydrates, and total proteins, and values were increased with time (p = 0.000, p = 0.000, p = 0.003). CONCLUSION: Nutritional intervention, based on Mediterranean diet, improves total energy, and macronutrients intake, and increases MD adherence scores in adolescents athletes.

Nutritional Assessment in Gastrointestinal Tumors: News from the 2020 ASCO and ESMO World GI Meetings

Nutritional risk screening and assessment of general nutritional status are of primary importance in the management of gastrointestinal cancers (GIC). Indeed, a major problem in these patients is the involuntary weight loss leading eventually to cachexia. With our review, we aimed at collecting the most recent advances in nutritional assessment of patients with GIC. All the abstracts presented both at the 2020 ASCO and ESMO World GI meetings were considered and a total number of 12 abstracts were selected, reporting colorectal, gastric, esophageal, and pancreatic cancer (PC) series. In some of the analyzed series, pathological conditions such as cachexia and sarcopenia had prognostic significance on clinical outcomes. One abstract reported the results of a phase I trial with the use of a novel interleukin-1-alpha antagonist, bermekimab. Its association with standard chemotherapy in advanced PC brought an improved patients’ performance during treatment. Insufficient attention is paid to the nutritional status of patients with GIC both at screening and during specific cancer treatment. The use of antropometric measurements, together with nutritional assessment tools, may facilitate the clinical evaluation of these patients. Large randomized trials are warranted in order to clarify the real impact of nutritional interventions on clinical outcomes.

P1474IMPACT OF MALNUTRITION ON HEALTH-RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE IN DIALYSIS PATIENTS: A PROSPECTIVE STUDY

Abstract Background and Aims Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is severely impaired in dialysis patients compared to the general population. Previous studies have shown that malnutrition, a frequent complication and independent risk factor for mortality in the dialysis population, is associated with poor HRQoL. However, there is no published evidence regarding the impact of malnutrition on change in HRQoL over time. We sought to determine the most important predictors of poor HRQoL as well as the determinants of change in HRQoL over time in dialysis patients, with a particular focus on malnutrition. Method We enrolled 119 haemodialysis and 31 peritoneal dialysis patients in a 1-year single-centre prospective observational study. HRQoL was assessed using the physical and mental component scores (PCS and MCS, respectively) from the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey and the health state and visual analogue scores from the European Quality of Life 5-Dimensions (EQ5D) questionnaire. The 7-point scale Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) was performed to evaluate nutritional status. Energy, protein and fat intake, biochemical variables, anthropometric measurements and handgrip strength (HGS) were also measured. All study assessments were performed at baseline, 6 and 12 months. Results Mean age was 64±14 years. Malnutrition was present in 37% of the population (as determined by 7-point SGA). Patients with malnutrition and diabetes had significantly lower MCS, PCS and EQ5D scores compared to well-nourished and non-diabetic patients, respectively. At baseline, chronological age, serum albumin, energy and protein intake, and HGS correlated positively with PCS and EQ5D health state score. Multivariable analysis at baseline identified malnutrition as the strongest independent predictor of decreased HRQoL, after adjusting for confounders (Table 1). Patients who stayed or became malnourished during one year showed a significant decrease in MCS, PCS and EQ5D health state score at 12 months compared to baseline. This same group of patients had significantly lower MCS, PCS and EQ5D scores at baseline and 12 months compared to those who stayed or became well-nourished during one year. Prevalent/development of malnutrition was independently and significantly associated with the 1-year decrease in MCS and EQ5D health state score. In addition, a decrease in serum total protein and dietary protein intake (markers of malnutrition) were identified as independent determinants of 1-year decrease in MCS, PCS and EQ5D health state score. Conclusion We observed in this prospective observational study that presence of malnutrition was the most important and strongest independent predictor of decreased HRQoL in this dialysis population. Furthermore, prevalence/development of malnutrition and a decrease in markers of nutritional status were independently associated with a decrease in some HRQoL scores over 1 year. These findings strengthen the importance of undertaking screening to identify malnutrition, and providing specialised, individualised nutritional advice to all dialysis patients in order to prevent and/or improve nutritional status. Future studies with larger sample sizes, longer follow-up, and which include evaluation of barriers to effective nutritional interventions are needed to evaluate the impact of nutritional interventions on HRQoL and other long-term outcomes.