Impact Of Nutrient Management Practices Research Articles

Impact of Nutrient Management Practices in Cassava on the Growth and Yield of Red Gram in an Additive Series Intercropping System in the Southern Laterites of Kerala

Cassava-legume intercropping is widely promoted by virtue of the ecological, nutritional and productive benefits and the choice of the intercrop is crucial in realizing the potentials envisaged. The performance of red gram (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) as an intercrop in cassava was evaluated in randomized block design at College of Agriculture, Vellayani, Kerala Agricultural University in three replications with different nutrient management practices in the main crop as treatments. Potassium efficient cassava variety Sree Pavithra was tested with varying levels of N, P and K. The treatments included T1 (100 % recommended dose of fertilizers), T2 (100 % RD N and P + 50 % K), T3 (100 % RD N and P + 25 % K), T4 (100 % RD N and P + 0 % K), T5 (50 % RDF), T6 (50 % RDF + PGPR Mix 1), T7 (50 % RD N and P + 25 % K), T8 (50 % RD N and P + 25 % K + PGPR Mix 1), T9 (50 % RD N and P + 0 % K), T10 (50 % RD N and P + 0 % K + PGPR Mix 1) and control (no fertilizer application). Cassava growth and yield was found to be superior in the treatments involving the consortium biofertilizer PGPR Mix 1 and was the highest in 50 % RD N and P + 0 % K + PGPR Mix 1 liquid application. The performance of red gram as an intercrop was found to be influenced by the canopy growth in cassava and yields were 80-89 per cent less than in sole cropping. The land equivalent ratio was more than one in PGPR included treatments alone indicating that intercropping was not advantageous in other treatments.

Impact of Nutrient Management Practices on Exchangeable K, Ca, Mg, CEC and Correlations with Soil Properties Under Maize-wheat Cropping System

In order to study the impact of nutrient management practices on exchangeable K, Ca, Mg, CEC and its correlations with soil properties in two depths (0-15 cm and 16-30 cm) under maize-wheat cropping system, a long term experiment was conducted at farm research centre of department of soil science falling under the jurisdiction of Birsa Agricultural University. The experiment consisted of nine treatments replicated thrice in a randomized block design were selected for the study. The selected treatments were T1-control, T2-100% N only where 100% N was applied through Urea fertilizers,T3- FYM where 100% N was supplied through FYM (full dose 22 t/ha), T4-100% NP here 110 and 90 kg ha-1were supplied through Urea and SSP fertilizers, respectively, T5-100% NPK here 110:90:70 kg ha-1 were supplied through Urea: SSP: MOP fertilizers, T6- ½ (N+FYM)+P (A-X/2)+K (B-Y/2) (INM) where 50% of the nutrient need was supplied through Urea, SSP & MOP fertilizer and the rest 50% need through FYM and T7-100% NPK + Lime where NPK applied through Urea, SSP & MOP fertilizer along with lime application in LR once in 4 years, T8-Lime+ FYM+ P (A-X)+K (B-Y), the 100% N need of the crop was met by application of FYM whereas the P & K need was met by the application of SSP & MOP fertilizer, T9-Lime+N the 100% N dose was supplied through Urea along with lime. The results indicated that exchangeable K was found to be significantly highest in T8 than rest of the treatments followed by T7 and T5 while lowest was in T4 treatment in both depths respectively. The exchangeable Ca2+ was found to be highest in treatment T7 followed by T8 and T3 than rest of the other treated plot while lowest amount was found in T2 in both the depths. The trend of exchangeable magnesium was found to be significantly different in 0-15 cm and 15-30 cm soil depths as the highest amount was observed in treatments such as T8 followed by T3 and T6 in surface depths (0-15 cm) while in sub-surface depths (15-30 cm) the highest amount was found in treatments T3 followed by T8 and T6 while the lowest amount was found in T2 treated plot in both depths. Cation exchangeable capacity (CEC) is one the vital soil parameters concerning to soil fertility measured in terms of c mol (p+) kg-1 of soil and it is significantly varied in surface soils as well as in sub-surface soil depths. The CEC was significantly higher in FYM treated plot as compared to Non-FYM treated plot. Therefore, the highest CEC was recorded in T3 treated plot than rest of the other treatment while the lowest one was recorded in T2 plot in surface soils as well as sub-surface soils. The correlation coefficient (r) values worked out among the various soil parameters at these depth of soil where pH was significantly and positively correlated with exchangeable Ca2+ and exchangeable Mg2+. Similarly organic carbon shows positive correlation with exchangeable Mg2+ and exchangeable K+. Whereas EC and CEC shows non-significant but positive correlation with the parameters taken under study. The result of the present study will be highly useful for improving the soil fertility by using suitable and judicious combination of nutrient management with various cropping system side by side and hence provides a scientific scope for further research work.

Impact of nutrient management practices on yield and economics of foxtail millet under foxtail millet-chickpea cropping system in integrated farming system under Tungabhadra project area of Karnataka, India

Impact of nutrient management practices on yield and economics of foxtail millet under foxtail millet-chickpea cropping system in integrated farming system under Tungabhadra project area of Karnataka, India

Integrated Nutrient Management (INM) and Varietal Impact on Toria (Brassica campestris L. var. toria) Growth, Yield, and Economics

Oilseeds, particularly rapeseed-mustard, play a vital role in India's agricultural landscape, contributing significantly to the economy. Toria, a winter oilseed crop, is of particular importance, cultivated in both irrigated and rainfed conditions. Fertilizers, especially nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S), play a crucial role in enhancing toria yield. Integrated nutrient management (INM), which includes the use of farmyard manure (FYM), is a sustainable approach to maintain soil health and improve crop productivity. The study evaluates the impact of nutrient management practices on toria growth and yield. Additionally, it compares the performance of the newly released toria variety 'Tapeswari' with traditional varieties ('T9' and 'T36'). The results indicate that 'Tapeswari' fertilized with 100% RDF + 25% N through FYM outperforms traditional varieties in terms of growth, yield attributes, and overall yield. The study underscores the importance of effective varietal selection and nutrient management for enhancing rapeseed-mustard production, profitability, and soil fertility.

From Soil to Spectrum: Decoding the Impact of Nutrient Management Practices and Herbicides using FTIR

Background: FTIR spectroscopy is the instrumental technique used in science for studying soil constituents and their variations rapidly. Being a non-extraction technique, FTIR could also be used to study the interaction of soil composition with the applied external inputs like fertilizer nutrients through organic and inorganic sources and herbicides by assessing the variations in spectral patterns. This will also reveal the type of interaction and changes taking place in soil swiftly. Hence, the current study was carried out to investigate the interaction of herbicides with soil components under various fertilizer nutrient management practices. Methods: Three herbicides (glyphosate, pendimethalin, metribuzin) were applied to the sandy loam soil treated with soil inorganic fertilizer (NPK+MN) and organic fertilizer (NPK+FYM). Treated soils along with control, were collected, processed and subjected to FTIR analysis. Based on the intensity of absorption changes, the type of interactions and changes that occurred in the soil were assessed. Result: Results of the study reveal that the application of herbicides (glyphosate, pendimethalin and metribuzin) to soil and NPK + micronutrients and NPK + FYM resulted in complex interactions and changes in FTIR absorption intensities, notably in fingerprint regions (1200-400 cm-1). Shift in the peaks at different wave numbers occurred due to the interaction of soil constituents with the herbicides and organic matter as FYM. The study highlights that a deeper understanding of these complex interactions is crucial for optimizing the use and time of application of fertilizer nutrients and herbicides, minimising environmental impacts and promoting sustainable agricultural practices that preserve soil health and productivity.

Effect of Organic Nutrient Management Practices on Growth and Yield of Short-duration Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz)

Background: Cassava is an important tropical tuber crop with great potential, particularly for short-duration varieties. Understanding the impact of nutrient management practices on the growth and yield of cassava is crucial for improving its productivity. Methods: Field experiments were conducted at Tapioca and Castor Research Station, Yethapur, Salem in 2022-2023 to determine the effect of various nutrient management practices on the growth attributes, biomass production, dry matter distribution and yield characteristics of short-duration cassava. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with twelve treatments and three replications. Results: The integrated nutrient management practice of FYM @ 25 t ha-1 + 100% RDF + cassava booster spray (T10) resulted in higher crop growth, dry matter production, yield attributes, tuber yield and top yield. This was comparable with the organic practice of Wood ash @ 2 t ha-1 + 3% panchagavya foliar spray (T7) among other organic practices. The control treatment with no manures, fertilizers or foliar sprays recorded lower growth and yield. The positive correlation between growth and yield attributes and yield was also observed. In conclusion, the application of FYM @ 25 t ha-1 + 100% RDF + cassava booster spray and Wood ash @ 2 t ha-1 + 3% panchagavya foliar spray were effective in improving the growth and yield of short-duration cassava. From the study, it is also evident that the short-duration cassava is suitable for organic cultivation and can be integrated into existing cropping systems.

Impact of Nutrient Management Practices on Soil Physical and Biological Properties in an Acid Alfisol of Himachal Pradesh, India

Impact of Nutrient Management Practices on Soil Physical and Biological Properties in an Acid Alfisol of Himachal Pradesh, India

Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, BAU, Ranchi, Jharkhand-834006

The study was conducted under long term fertilizer experiment (LTFE) to assess the impact of nutrient management practices on biological health of acid soils under soybean-wheat cropping system at Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi, Jharkhand. Ten treatments were evaluated in randomized block design with three replications. The integrated nutrient management involving the use of organic manure together with inorganic fertilization exerted a significant positive effect on soil microbial biomass carbon, CO2 evolution, dehydrogenase activity (DHA), urease and microbial population. Similarly, use of lime along with NPK also showed improvement in enzymatic activities, soil microbial biomass carbon, and CO2 evolution compared to 100% NPK and control. The microbiological properties were drastically reduced in 100% N only treatment. Application of 100% NPK was found to superior over 100% NP, 100% N and 50% NPK and 100% N(S)PK while the same was significantly at par with 150% NPK. The effect between weedicide applied and hand weeded treatments was also statistically at par for the grain and straw yield of wheat as well as for the biological properties of the soil. Long term application of FYM/lime with NPK significantly increased the mean grain and straw yield of wheat over the years (1972-2019) compared to only inorganic fertilization and control. Overall, continuous application of FYM or lime along with 100% NPK improved the soil biological health and increased the crop yield in acid soil under wheat based cropping system.

Effect of integrated nutrient management practices on growth and yield of maize

A field experiment was conducted in the Department of Agronomy, Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University, Uttarakhand to know the impact of nutrient management practices on growth and yield of maize. The experiment was conducted in Randomized block design with seven treatments and three replications. The variety of maize and spacing used in the trial was NK 6240 Hybrid Corn and 60 cm x 20 cm. The treatments were Control, 50% Recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) + Farm yard manure (FYM) + Biofertilizer consortium, 75% RDF+ FYM + Biofertilizer consortium, 100% RDF + FYM + Biofertilizer consortium, 100% RDF, 125% RDF and FYM + Biofertilizer consortium. In this experiment it was witnessed that among the different integrated nutrient management practices, the application of 100% RDF + FYM + Biofertilizer consortium was found effective for better growth and yield of maize.

The influence of nutrient management on soil organic carbon storage, crop production, and yield stability varies under different climates

Our understanding on how soil organic carbon (SOC) storage, crop yield, and yield stability are influenced by climate is limited. To critically examine this, the impact of long-term (≥10 years) application of nutrient management practices on SOC storage, crop productivity, and yield stability were evaluated under different climatic conditions in China using a meta-analysis approach. The cropping area of China was divided into four distinct groups based on local climatic conditions (warm dry, DW; warm moist, WM; cool dry, CD; cool moist, CM). Results indicated that the impact of nutrient management practices on SOC storage, crop yield, and yield stability varies under different climatic zone in China. The use of unbalanced mineral fertilizer (UMF), and balanced mineral fertilizer (BMF) led to a loss in SOC storage by 6%, and 11% under CM climatic zone and gains in DW, WM, and CD climates. Organic fertilizers (OF), combined unbalanced mineral and organic fertilizers (UMOF), and combined balanced mineral and organic fertilizers (BMOF) were able to sustain and enhance SOC storage under all climatic conditions. However, the largest increase in SOC storage across all climates was seen for BMOF. Further, corresponding values of crop productivity and yield stability were also highest for BMOF among all the nutrient management treatments. A linear-plateau model indicated that maximal yield responsive SOC stock (Copt) levels ranged from 33.43 to 45.51 Mg C ha−1 for rice (Oryza sativa), maize (Zea mays), and wheat (Triticum aestivum) production. To enhance and sustain SOC storage, and crop productivity of croplands under different climates, BMOF appears to be the most appropriate nutrient management strategy. Our findings demonstrate that it is essential to optimize nutrient management strategies according to the local climate to protect soil from SOC losses, and for achieving sustainable crop production.

Impact of nutrient management practices and plant growth regulators on growth, productivity and profitability of wheat (Triticum aestivum)

This study was conducted during winter season of 2016-17 and 2017-18 at Rajasthan Agricultural Research Institute, Durgapura, Jaipur to evaluate the effect of nutrient management and growth retardants on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Results revealed that the application of 150% RDF+FYM led to higher plant height and dry matter accumulation of wheat at all the growth stages (60 days after sowing (DAS), 90 DAS and at harvest) except at 30 DAS (where it was maximum with 150% RDF). The combined application of Chlormequat Chloride (CCC)+Tebuconazole reduced the plant height of wheat by 4.62, 2.25 and 2.86% (60 DAS), 7.07, 2.24 and 3.05% (90 DAS) and 7.35, 2.76 and 4.11% (at harvest) over water spray, CCC and Tebuconazole alone, respectively. The significantly maximum number of effective tillers (423.42 m-2), spike length (10.66 cm) and test weight (40.32 g) were registered with application of 150% RDF+FYM. The combined spray of CCC+Tebuconazole enhanced the test weight by 7.71%, 2.63 and 2.84% over water spray, CCC and Tebuconazole, respectively. The significantly maximum grain, straw and biomass yield of wheat were recorded with 150% RDF+FYM which were 50.87, 50.31 and 50.56% and 12.26, 15.92% and 14.27% higher over control and 100% RDF, respectively. The grain, straw and biomass yields of wheat due to different growth retardant treatments were found statistically at par. The application of 150% RDF+ FYM increased the gross return by 50.74, 13.10 and 3.83% and mean net returns by 60.56, 12.96 and 3.13% over control, 100% RDF and 150% RDF, respectively. Among growth regulators highest net returns (` 68016) and B:C ratio (1.98) were recorded with combined application of CCC+Tebuconazole. It is concluded that integrated nutrient management using 150% RDF+FYM and combined application of CCC+Tebuconazole can be advocated as sustainable strategy for enhancing productivity and profitability of wheat.

Studies on impact of nutrient management and tillage practices on yield attributes and yield on gram – maize cropping sequence

Awareness to wards soil health and food quality has forced to find out a suitable and eco-friendly nutrient management system of crop production. Integrated nutrient management system found suitable on yield of cereal crops, but has least impact on leguminous crops. To study the impact of nutrient management practices and tillage practices was studied at the farm of Department of Soil Science, CSKHPKV, Palampur during 2013-16 gram-maize cropping sequence. The organic management with conventional tillage was found to be significantly superior with rest of the treatment combinations on yield attributes, symbiotic parameters and yield of gram in all the three years. The major constraints to grow gram at Palampur was the attack of root rot disease. The disease incidence was reduced through organic nutrient management with conventional tillage. The yield attributes and yield of maize was better in integrated management in organic management in second year. The conventional tillage in both the years registered significant impact on yield and yield attributes of maize.

Impact of Nutrient Management Practices on the Status and Quality of Soil Humus in Newly Developed Terraced Land

An experiment was conducted in the experimental farm at School of Agricultural Sciences and Rural Development, Medziphema, Nagaland to evaluate the impact of different nutrient management practices on content and quality of soil humus in a newly developed terraced land. Twelve treatments involving N, P and K (NPK) fertilizers, farmyard manure (FYM), poultry litter, forest litter, Azospirillum and Zn either alone or in combinations were applied continuously for two years. On an average, fulvic C, humic C and humin C was 48.1, 21.1 and 30.8% of humus C, respectively. The fulvic C was the largest fraction of humus C in soil followed by humin C and humic C. With the present rate of accumulation of humus C, the soil under different treatments showing build up of humus C would take 3.5 to 66.0 years with an average of 23.2 years to reach its original C content present before terracing. Among the fractions, fulvic N was the largest fraction of humus N in all the treatments followed by humic N or humin N. On an average, fulvic N, humic N and humin N was 58.8, 21.2 and 20.0% of humus N, respectively. After two years, the rate of build up of humus N in various nutrient management practices was 18.3 to 76.4 kg N ha−1 yr−1 with an average of 44.5 kg N ha−1 yr−1. Among the fractions, fulvic P was the largest fraction of the humus P followed by humic P and humin P in all the treatments. On an average, fulvic P, humic P and humin P constituted 65.4, 20.5 and 14.1% of humus P, respectively. The lowest C: N: P ratio of soil humus, fulvic acid and humic acid was in NPK+Poultry litter treatment. The average C: N: P ratios of soil humus, fulvic acid, humic acid and humin was estimated to be 133.1: 10.8: 1, 98.2: 9.8: 1, 138.0: 11.4: 1 and 281.8: 15.0: 1, respectively.

Assessment of the Impact of Nutrient Management Practices on Nitrate Contamination in the Abbotsford-Sumas Aquifer

The impact of recent changes to nutrient management practices in raspberry fields on the loading and subsequent transport of nitrate through the vadose zone of the Abbotsford-Sumas aquifer is investigated numerically. Previous studies have shown that nitrate concentrations in the aquifer have remained relatively stable despite a shift in nutrient management practices. Using an estimate of net annual available nitrogen in fields that are fertilized using synthetic fertilizer, nitrate concentrations as a function of time and depth through the vadose zone are simulated from spring to late fall. Results indicate rapid leaching of nitrate owing to the permeable nature of the aquifer and suggest that nitrate loading to the water table may occur earlier than previously thought, possibly due to spring rains. For an average fertilizer application rate of 90 kg of N/ha, the simulated nitrate concentration on Oct 1 within the top 1 m of soil is 33 mg of N/kg, while the residual soil nitrate measured in late September was 37 mg of N/kg. Taking into account the effects of dilution within the saturated zone, the simulated peak nitrate concentration is similar to average observed peak concentrations in a shallow monitoring well. A solution is offered for estimating nitrate concentration at the water table as a function of the rate of synthetic fertilizer applied to raspberry fields.

Integrated nutrient management in soybean (Glycine max)wheat (Triticum aestivum) cropping system

A field experiment was carried out during 2001-03 at Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi to study the impact of nutrient management practices on the growth, yield and economics of soybean ( Glycine max)-wheat ( Triticum aestivum) cropping system. The treatments consisted of combinations of 4 nutrient sources in main plots and 3 nutrient levels in subplots in soybean in rainy season. A general crop of wheat was grown during the follow- ing winter season to study the residual effect of treatments imposed on the previous soybean. The results indi- cated that application of 5 t/ha each of crop residues (CR) and farmyard manure (FYM) along with 5 kg zinc/ha among the nutrient sources and 100% recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) among the nutrient levels recorded significantly higher growth and yield parameters and yield (1.62 t/ha) of soybean. The succeeding crop of wheat too showed a similar trend. The net returns were higher with 5 t/ha of FYM in soybean (Rs 8,154) and 5 t/ha each of CR and FYM alongwith 5 kg Zn/ha in succeeding wheat (Rs 12,577), as well as in soybean-wheat cropping system (Rs 20,334). The benefit:cost (B:C) ratio was higher with 100% RDF among nutrient levels (0.89) and with 5 t/ha CR (0.81 ) among the nutrient sources in soybean, whereas the 100% RDF among nutrient levels (0.73) and FYM @ 5 t/ha+ CR @ 5 t/ha + 5 kg Zn/ha among sources given to soybean recorded higher B:C ratio (0.72) in wheat. The organic carbon and the available N, P, K and Zn were higher with 5 t/ha each of CR and FYM along with 5 kg zinc/ha among the nutrient sources, and 100% RDF among nutrient levels after the completion of 3 years of experimentation. It was concluded that combined application of 5 t/ha each of CR and FYM along with 5 kg/ha zinc is necessary for getting higher yield and net returns from soybean-wheat cropping system.