Impact Of New Regulations Research Articles

Legal Transformation in the Digital Age: A Comparative Study of the Impact of New Regulations in the Digital Economy

<p class="TableParagraph"><em>The research aim is to analyze the impact of new regulations in the digital economy through a comparative study. This research uses the content analysis method to understand how these regulations affect legal structures and business practices. The digital age has brought significant changes to the global economy, triggering the need for regulations that can support innovation while protecting the rights of users. New regulations in the digital economy often relate to data privacy, cybersecurity and intellectual property rights. Through content analysis, this research evaluates how different countries are responding to these challenges through their legal frameworks. The research is also grounded in natural law theory, coined by Hugo Grotius, who argued that laws should reflect universal and unchanging moral principles. The results show that new regulations in the digital economy have a significant impact on legal protection for consumers. This protection effort is carried out through preventive, repressive, protective, solution, and alternative approaches. Dispute resolution through both litigation and non-litigation channels shows that legal protection can be guaranteed by the existence of regulations governing electronic commerce, especially on e-commerce platforms. By applying these principles, this research aims to provide recommendations for the establishment of regulations that are not only effective but also fair and sustainable.</em></p><p class="TableParagraph"><em> </em></p>

The Impact of New Regulations on Prevention and Control of E-Cigarettes on Adolescents in Middle Schools - A City in China, 2022-2023.

To protect the health of young people from the harmful impacts of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes), China has enacted various policies and regulations since 2018. As of October 1, 2022, the Electronic Cigarette Management Measures were put into action. They prohibited the sale of flavored e-cigarettes, permitting only those of plain tobacco flavor to be sold. The illegal market for flavored e-cigarettes, often disguised as milk tea cups, cola cans, and violent bear images, continues to flourish. There is an increased need to bolster support for the prohibition of flavored e-cigarettes and enhance public awareness of associated regulations. To advance the health of China's youth, it is crucial to improve the implementation and understanding of e-cigarette policies and guidelines.

Design improvements in modern distribution transformers

In the paper design improvements of distribution transformers related to improved energy efficiency and environmental awareness are discussed. Eco design of transformers, amorphous transformers, voltage regulated transformers and transformers filled with ester liquids are analyzed. As a consequence of growing energy efficiency importance, European Commission has adopted new regulation which defines maximum permissible levels of load and no-load losses of transformers with rated power ≤ 3150 kVA, and minimum peak efficiency index for transformers with rated power > 3150 kVA up to 40 MVA. The impact of new regulation on the design and economy of transformer is presented. Amorphous transformers, with up to 70 % lower no-load losses in comparison to the conventional transformers, could be an alternative with respect to energy efficiency. Although their initial price is higher than the price of conventional transformers, some studies show that they might have economic advantages. The increasing penetration of distributed energy sources can cause an increase in voltage variations in low voltage networks. To keep the voltage within limits defined by EN50160, voltage regulated distribution transformers could be used. Although mineral oil has been used as a dielectric fluid in transformers for many years, there are some environmentally friendlier alternatives – natural and synthetic ester-based fluids.

Implications of “The Growth of Finance” on Financial Regulation

This essay aims at connecting the findings of Greenwood and Scharfstein, authors of “The Growth of Finance”, and my research topic "quantification of regulatory risk and impact of new regulation on business models”. The exercise focuses on how developments in the financial subsectors credit intermediation and asset management, for which a sound regulatory framework is needed, can be connected to prudential regulation. Prudential regulation, i.e. capital and liquidity regulation, primarily mitigates the weaknesses of the financial sector, which are pointed out by Greenwood and Scharfstein. Understanding the implications of prudential regulation, including societally beneficial as well as negative aspects, is the key aspect of the proposed dissertation topic. The outcome of this exercise with regards to the research agenda is that aspects such as financial macroeconomics , welfare considerations, and consumer protection issues might be worth adding.

Special Legal Solutions Introduced in Regard to the Relationship with COVID-19 Affecting Municipal Budgets – Selected Issues

Abstract The article discusses the legal changes related to the finances of communes, introduced into the Polish legal order to counteract adverse social effects and the economic aspects of the SARSCoV–2 epidemic. It indicates the impact of new regulations on the website revenue for the budgets of municipalities and the powers of municipal authorities concerning, first and foremost, budget control and implementation. The solutions that were presented in detail have the goal of helping entrepreneurs most economically affected by the pandemic – such as the possibility of exemption from real estate tax by resolution of the commune council for part of 2020 and selected months of 2021, an extension of instalment payment deadlines for real estate tax, or the failure to collect the market fee in 2021. Essentially, only some of these solutions provide for financial compensation from the commune budgets. The consequences for the budgets of communes related to the changes indicated, in the context of the need to perform their tasks.

Brief Introduction about New Regulation of EU on IVDR

There are five-year transitional period for manufacturers after the issue of regulation(EU) 2017/746 on in vitro diagnostic medical devices(IVDR) in May, 2017. The article introduces the background, major change, the impact of new regulation and the coping strategies of enterprises, the main preparation work should be taken etc, to provide reference or help for the domestic manufacturers when they prepare the CE marking according to IVDR.

Information blocking remains prevalent at the start of 21st Century Cures Act: results from a survey of health information exchange organizations.

Recent policy making aims to prevent health systems, lectronic health record (EHR) vendors, and others from blocking the electronic sharing of patient data necessary for clinical care. We sought to assess the prevalence of information blocking prior to enforcement of these rules. We conducted a national survey of health information exchange organizations (HIEs) to measure the prevalence of information blocking behaviors observed by these third-party entities. Eighty-nine of 106 HIEs (84%) meeting the inclusion criteria responded. The majority (55%) of HIEs reported that EHR vendors at least sometimes engage in information blocking, while 30% of HIEs reported the same for health systems. The most common type of information blocking behavior EHR vendors engaged in was setting unreasonably high prices, which 42% of HIEs reported routinely observing. The most common type of information blocking behavior health systems engaged in was refusing to share information, which 14% of HIEs reported routinely observing. Reported levels of vendor information blocking was correlated with regional competition among vendors and information blocking was concentrated in some geographic regions. Our findings are consistent with early reports, revealing persistently high levels of information blocking and important variation by actor, type of behavior, and geography. These trends reflect the observations and experiences of HIEs and their potential biases. Nevertheless, these data serve as a baseline against which to measure the impact of new regulations and to inform policy makers about the most common types of information blocking behaviors. Enforcement aimed at reducing information blocking should consider variation in prevalence and how to most effectively target efforts.

Drugs and driving prior to cannabis legalization: A 5-year review from DECP (DRE) cases in the province of Quebec, Canada

ObjectivesTo examine alleged drug-impaired driving in the province of Quebec (Canada), including drug use profile amongst suspected impaired drivers, prior to recreational cannabis legalization and major modifications to the legislation regarding driving under the influence of drugs (DUID). MethodsThe Laboratoire de sciences judiciaires et de médecine légale (LSJML) performs toxicological analyses on all biological samples collected during a Drug Evaluation and Classification Program (DECP) evaluation by a Drug Recognition Expert (DRE). A targeted analysis of 137 drugs and metabolites by liquid chromatography – tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) is systematically carried out, enhanced by gas chromatography – mass spectrometry (GC–MS) general unknown screening if deemed necessary. Data from all DECP cases analyzed from January 2014 to December 2018 was compiled and summarized. ResultsIn the 5-year period studied, a total of 2 982 DECP cases underwent toxicological analysis. Age of the intercepted drivers varied between 14–82 years old (average 33 years old), with 79 % men and 21 % women. At least one substance with impairing potential was detected in 98 % of cases. In 89 % of cases (n = 2 640), at least one substance detected matched a category of drug suspected of causing impairment. At the other end of the spectrum, there were 270 cases (9%) where the findings did not match any of the categorie(s) suspected by the DRE, 66 negative cases (2%) and 6 incomplete evaluations. Substances most commonly detected belonged to the central nervous system (CNS) stimulants (72 %), CNS depressants (61 %) and cannabis (48 %) categories. Most prevalent substances were methamphetamine (54%), cannabis (11-nor-9-carboxy-tetrahydrocannabinol or THC−COOH, 48 %), cocaine (29 %) and gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB, 24 %). Polydrug consumption was common, with two or more substances with impairing potential detected in 79 % of cases. There were 113 occurrences of new psychoactive substances (NPS), the most prevalent being rolicyclidine (PCPy, 47 %), methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV, 17 %), methylbenzylpiperazine (MBZP, 13 %) and flubromazolam (10 %). Drug prevalence patterns varied geographically, as well as with age and gender. Indeed, methamphetamine and GHB were more popular amongst women, whereas cannabis and cocaine were more prevalent amongst men. Cannabis and CNS stimulants were more common amongst younger drivers (14–34 years old); CNS depressants, dissociative anesthetics and non-psychoactive drugs prevalence increased with age. ConclusionsAn up-to-date database of DUID cases is a powerful tool in identifying trends and threats, focusing resources and orienting research and development activities. Such a database, combined with the data presented in the current study, will be key in evaluating the impact of new regulations, i.e., recreational cannabis legalization and modifications to the DUID legislation.

The intergenerational impact of naturalisation reforms: the citizenship status of children of immigrants in the Netherlands, 1995–2016

ABSTRACT For many children of immigrants to Europe, being born in a European country does not give them rights of citizenship. To acquire citizenship of the country of their birth, they typically rely on their parents’ naturalisation. While many European countries have tightened requirements for citizenship over recent decades, the impact of new regulations on immigrants’ children propensity to naturalise has gone largely unexplored. This paper analyses the impact of two restrictive legislative changes in the Netherlands: the re-introduction of a dual citizenship restriction in 1997, and the introduction of civic integration requirements in 2003. Using register data and event-history models, we analyse the acquisition of Dutch citizenship by children born in the Netherlands between 1995 and 2010 to immigrant parents. We find that the dual citizenship restriction puts families off naturalising while mandatory civic integration sees them postpone naturalisation. The intergenerational impact of naturalisation reforms is also reflected in the extent to which both parents are involved in the naturalisation process. Children eligible under stricter requirements are more likely to naturalise with one parent instead of both, in contrast to earlier eligibility cohorts. These findings shed light on key family dynamics in the acquisition of host country citizenship.

Udział biur informacji gospodarczej w systemie wymiany informacji o zobowiązaniach finansowych dłużników

Warunkiem rozwoju rynku finansowego jest istnienie efektywnego systemu wymiany informacji o zobowiązanych finansowych jego uczestników. System ten tworzą biura informacji gospodarczej i biura informacji kredytowej. Bez baz danych o zobowiązaniach finansowych banki i inni wierzyciele nie są w stanie przeprowadzić oceny zdolności płatniczej klientów. Istnienie efektywnego systemu rejestrów finansowych obniża cenę kredytu, podnosi trafność decyzji finansowych i ogranicza zjawisko nadmiernego zadłużenia gospodarstw domowych. Ocena systemu wymiany informacji opiera się na ilości i jakości zapisów oraz dostępności użytkowników do informacji. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest analiza działalności biur informacji gospodarczej w ramach systemu wymiany informacji o zobowiązaniach finansowych dłużników. Artykuł koncentruje się na ocenie aktualnej działalności biur z punktu widzenia zapewniania ochrony interesów wierzycieli i dłużników. Ocena poziomu bezpieczeństwa została przeprowadzona w kontekście zmian wprowadzonych Ustawą z 7 kwietnia 2017 r. o zmianie niektórych ustaw w celu ułatwienia dochodzenia wierzytelności (Dz.U. z 2017 r., poz. 933). Wnioski zawarte w artykule określają wpływ nowych regulacji na poziom bezpieczeństwa obrotu gospodarczego oraz wynikające z tych zmian konsekwencje dla podmiotów gospodarczych. W zakończeniu znalazły się rekomendacje dotyczące dalszych rozwiązań podnoszących poziom zaufania i bezpieczeństwa w stosunkach gospodarczych.

Impact of New Regulation on Bank Capital: Analysis of Incremental Risk Charge for Trading Portfolios

This study examines theimpact of the new supervisory standards of Basel 2.5 and Basel III for banktrading portfolios with regards to the additional capital requirements developedto mitigate liquidity risk and credit risk. Using the incremental risk charge(IRC), we estimate risk measures in several alternate contexts. We find apotentially material increase in capital requirements above and beyond thatconcluded in the far-ranging impact studies conducted by the internationalsupervisors. This effect is accentuated for financial or sovereign sectors ascompared to industrial sectors, and regulatory capital is larger than economiccapital. We compare credit risk models and find the multivariate model revealslarger capital estimates for the financial and sovereign sectors by orders ofmagnitude versus the industrial sector or the Basel II model. Finally, in aBayesian experiment we find that the new requirements may introduce addeduncertainty into risk measures as compared to existing approaches.

Impact of regulatory changes on government bond market liquidity

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to assess the seriousness of the impact of new regulatory factors on liquidity in government bond markets since the onset of the global financial crisis.Design/methodology/approachQuestionnaires were circulated for examining the adverse impact of regulatory changes on liquidity. New evidence was presented about the adverse impact of the process of regulatory changes on market liquidity.FindingsThe paper presents new survey results on the adverse liquidity impact of regulations on market liquidity. Responses show that government issuers differ in their assessment on the severity of the impact of the various regulations. Determining this longer-term impact is quite complex because measures of liquidity may not only reflect the impact of regulatory changes, but also the responses by policymakers and market participants (to these regulatory changes), covering in particular the following: market transparency, trading practices, market infrastructure and other policies to promote liquidity, including by reducing unconventional monetary policy measures. Also, market dynamics may have become more complex due to responses by market participants.Practical implicationsDebt managers need to take into account regulations with a significant adverse influence on both market liquidity and the price discovery process. As liquidity in government bond markets also has a direct impact on funding possibilities and financing costs, funding liquidity may also be affected, especially during periods with market stress. This means that the funding strategy may need to be adapted.Originality/valueThe paper presents new survey results on the impact of new regulations on market liquidity. This assessment is quite complex because measures of longer-term liquidity may reflect the impact of regulatory changes and the responses by policymakers and market participants to these changes.

Hacia el surgimiento de una cultura de la innovación en un centro público de investigación en México: Hallazgos y aprendizajes

El presente trabajo describe la trayectoria y las estrategias establecidas durante el periodo de 1973 a 2015 sobre el entorno de la cultura de la innovación, la propiedad intelectual y el desarrollo de conocimiento aplicado a la industria, gobierno y sociedad en un Centro Público de Investigación (CPI), el Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada (CICESE). Se hace un recuento de elementos sustantivos de aprendizaje, hallazgos e hitos; a partir de una visión y estrategias de planeación alineado la política nacional de ciencia y tecnología, sus cambios en el tiempo y el impacto de la normatividad aplicada. Se discuten los factores que afectaron las iniciativas de cambio en los procesos hacia una vinculación exitosa y desarrollo tecnológico. Se presentan así mismo los aprendizajes, hallazgos y conclusiones, en donde un cambio de paradigma afectó la dinámica institucional de la innovación, lo que obligó a hacer una revisión de los objetivos institucionales para dar un viraje hacia una sólida cultura de la innovación y su reflejo en la sociedad.

The European Public Prosecutor’s Office — the fiasco of the European Union financial security vision?

Aim: The article is devoted to the problem of financial abuses and frauds that undermines the public finances of EU and public interest. Motivation: The problem is not new and it is known for several years. There is no doubt that investments funded by the EU are common. A huge amount of EU money is also a huge temptation and purpose of economic crimes. Over the years, the EU and the Member States already took some action to prevent from embezzlement of the EU budget. Until now, the main institution that coordinated the fight against these phenomena was the European Commission and its structure, especially the European Anti-Fraud Office. Fighting against economic crimes violating the interests of the EU is difficult for the procedural reasons. European investigators have no prosecuting power. Investigative role is limited to gathering evidence and transferring it to the national prosecuting authorities. After that European investigators lose the control over conducted case. The Treaty on the functioning of the European Union gives us another tool to fight the frauds. It seems that the solution is to establish the European Public Prosecutor Office (EPPO) with full procedural rights to prosecute violators. That’s why the general thesis is that EPPO should be established as soon as it is possible to help prevent EU citizens money in more effective way than it is today. However this could be a contribution for the next article concerning the economic analysis of the law and the impact of new regulations on security funds entrusted to the EU. Results: The idea of establishing an EPPO has almost 10 years and was initiated in the connection with the latest financial crisis. Unfortunately, despite declarations and attempts to start it in January 2015 it is still not known if and when it will actually work. The article also takes the issue of commitment and various visions of the Member States of achieving the EU budget safety and other problems on this ground.

Impact of new regulations on clinical trials in India

<p class="abstract"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Background: </span></strong>India is one of the major destination for conducting clinical trials. The Drug Controller General of India (DCGI) is the governing body responsible for all pharmaceutical-research and regulatory issues in India. While conducting clinical trials in India, regulations have come to ensure safety and wellbeing of the study subjects in the trial. The present study was planned to see the number of trials approved by DCGI and their trend over the last 8 years in view of new regulatory guidelines.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Data obtained from website of the Regulatory Authority i.e. Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO) regarding DGCI Approval of clinical trials from 2007 till 2014 are noted for analysis.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Total 1799 Trials Approved. 2007 had lowest approvals with 3 clinical trials & 2010 being highest with 500 trial approvals. Mean ± SD Approval of 224.88 ± 172.46 with Median rate of 206 per year was observed. Trend of Trials approved by DCGI shows sharp peak around 2008-2010 which follows sharp fall around 2013.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusion:</strong> The present study highlights the impact of these new regulations on Clinical Trials registered for approval of DCGI.</p>

THE IMPACT OF NEW REGULATIONS OF CIVIL RIGHT ON SOME FORMS OF LEGAL LIABILITY

We approach the issue of legal liability as it appears in the branches of the private law, in terms of the monist conception which underlies the New Civil Code. This concept implies that in our legal system, the Code mentioned represents a common law for all relations of private life, thing which means that to the subject regarding traditional civil right, were added the other branches of private law, which in one way or another belonged once to the civil right. It is about the individual regulations, on family relationships, commercial relationships or those of private international law. The option for the new Civil Code is a monistic vision which accomplishes the effort of reshaping and reassessment of the traditional institutions of the old regulations, to make them able to respond to the demands of the new realities of Romania’s statute as an European Community’s member. Among the fundamental institutions of the Romanian law, strongly influenced by the monistic conception, is included the institution of legal liability, as it appears as a direct consequence of violating the norms of private law. We will emphasize the particularities that the responsibility presents, in some areas of private law such as: the Civil Code, commercial, family law, labour law. We shall insist upon the most significant aspects of general nature- the detailed ones are going to be developed later by the legal science. Iftime, E., Balaneasa, M. C. (2014). The Impact of New Regulations of Civil Right on Some Forms of Legal Liability. European Journal of Law and Public Administration, Year 2014, Issue 1, pp. 5-19. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/eljpa.2014.0101.01

Impact of New Regulations On Assessing Driving Status (INROADS): A South Australian seizure clinic cohort

The ability to drive is important to patients and driving restriction often leads to restriction of employment and social opportunities. In March 2012, Austroads released revised Assessing Fitness to Drive Guidelines (AFTDG) with significant changes for drivers with seizures and epilepsy. Our study aimed to assess the impact of the 2012 AFTDG on a Seizure Clinic cohort compared to the previous 2003 AFTDG and an individual’s current driving status. We also aimed to quantify the difference in AFTDG interpretation between expert and non-expert doctors. We performed a retrospective observational audit of case notes for all patients managed in a public hospital outpatient Seizure Clinic between 1 March 2010 and 1 March 2012. A total of 142 patients were included in the analysis. Comparison between the 2003 and 2012 AFTDG resulted in reduced eligibility to drive a private vehicle by 2.1% (52.5% versus 50.4%) and commercial vehicle by 2.2% (4.5% versus 2.3%). The proportion of those currently driving against guideline recommendations increased (private 8.8% versus 19%; commercial 50% versus 100%) and the non-expert assessor was more likely to agree with the experts with the 2012 AFTDG. In summary, the 2012 AFTDG has had a measurable impact on driving eligibility in individuals with seizure although it is easier to interpret for non-expert doctors. Greater awareness of the 2012 AFTDG is required to reduce the proportion of patients driving against current recommendations.

Collateral management: Factors affecting the supply and demand for collateral and emerging trends and developments in the market

Financial market participants are adjusting to a raft of new requirements that form part of the G20’s agreement to initiate substantial reform of the derivatives market following the global financial crisis. As we approach the fifth anniversary of the Pittsburg summit, the industry is transitioning from a period of rule writing and lobbying to one of implementation. The scope of the derivatives reform programme is unprecedented in the financial markets, both in scale and detail. Its effect will be far reaching and its requirements will force all market participants — on the buy and sell side — to review their overall use of derivatives, margin requirements and use of collateral, and consider the potential impact of new regulations to their trading and operations. Improving oversight, rather than banning the use of derivatives, is the most sensible way of addressing the failings of the market and the build-up of systemic risk. However, firms now attempting to comply with this changed regulatory environment are concerned about their ability to meet new demands. The key to doing so is to understand the holistic impact of the reform — which is no mean feat — and to prepare by leveraging sophisticated technology offerings as well as community based and infrastructure solutions.

Towards A Systemic Framework for Digital Forensic Readiness

Although digital forensics has traditionally been associated with law enforcement, the impact of new regulations, industry standards and cyber-attacks, combined with a heavy reliance on digital assets, has resulted in a more prominent role for digital forensics in organizations. Modern organizations, therefore, need to be forensically ready in order to maximize their potential to respond to forensic events and demonstrate compliance with laws and regulations. However, little research exists on the assessment of organizational digital forensic readiness. This paper describes a comprehensive approach to identifying the factors that contribute to digital forensic readiness and how these factors work together to achieve forensic readiness in an organization. We develop a conceptual framework for organizational forensic readiness and define future work towards the empirical validation and refinement of the framework.

What to expect at an inquest: attending a coroner's court

Tabitha Cave discusses three inquest-related matters: the impact of new regulations, which have come into force this year; what care homes should expect if they are asked to attend an inquest; and the support available to care providers, staff and residents