Impact Of New Materials Research Articles

Polyconjugated Materials for Printed (Opto)Electronics: Introducing Sustainability

AbstractThis account summarizes the impact that the quest for sustainability is having on the field of organic polyconjugate molecules and polymers for plastic (opto)electronics. While at the proof-of-concept level, the design criteria as well as the preferred synthetic strategies to access new and improved materials have been dominated by the need for performance. The ongoing transition from the lab environment to the industrial scale imposes strict limitations on the cost and overall environmental impact of new materials. We here summarize our efforts on the development of new design criteria and synthetic strategies aimed at improving sustainability – without compromising performance – in organic polyconjugated molecules. The article is composed of three sections: Introduction and motivation, sustainability through improved synthetic methods and through improved design.Outline1 Introduction and Motivation2 Sustainable Reaction Methods2.1 The New Tools: Reactions in Aqueous Solution of Surfactants2.2 Intrinsically More Sustainable Reactions: Direct Arylation2.3 Sustainable Multistep Protocols: Combining Micellar, Solventless, and Mechanochemical Methods3 Sustainability as a Design Criterion: De Novo Design4 Conclusion

Advanced Manufacturing Panel at IMAT 2023

Abstract This article presents highlights from a panel session held at International Materials, Applications & Technologies (IMAT) 2023. Experts from ASM affiliate societies shared insights on the impact of new materials and manufacturing technologies in their respective fields. The panel was moderated by David Furrer, Pratt & Whitney. The panelists were Thomas Ackerson, Blue Origin LLC (representing the Failure Analysis Society); Arvind Agarwal, College of Engineering and Computing, Florida International University (Thermal Spray Society); Marvin Barnes, NASA (Heat Treating Society); Jay Demarest, IBM (Electronic Device Failure Analysis Society); and Laura Moyer, Lehigh University (International Metallographic Society).

Exploring the Uncharted Territory: Future Generation Materials for Sustainable Energy Storage

This study explores the domain of developing material categories for the purpose of sustainable energy storage, with the objective of addressing the constraints inherent in existing technologies and facilitating the development of inventive resolutions. The research examines the potential of nanomaterials, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), polymers, and two-dimensional (2D) materials as a means to overcome the obstacles presented by current energy storage systems. This study investigates the qualities and potential of various materials, examining them in conjunction with a range of thorough characterization techniques. These approaches include electrochemical analysis, structural methodologies, nanoscale observations, and computer modelling. In the next analysis, this study will examine the future direction of research on energy storage materials, including prospective advancements and the critical obstacles related to scalability, cost-efficiency, and integration within energy systems. In general, this investigation highlights the significant impact of new materials on the development of a more environmentally friendly energy infrastructure. The present study focuses on the investigation of emerging materials for sustainable energy storage. Specifically, the research explores the potential of nanomaterials, metal-organic frameworks, polymers, and two-dimensional materials in this context. By examining the properties and characteristics of these materials, this study aims to contribute to the understanding and development of efficient and environmentally friendly energy storage solutions.

Building circularity as a measure of sustainability in the old and modern architecture: A case study of architecture development in the hot and dry climate

Nowadays, the construction industry has turned to the consumption of large amounts of natural resources in line with global population growth, which has led to the shortage of resources, and consequently increases in the construction debris; therefore, the present article has studied the positive and negative points of the architectural development process. The results have indicated that being compared to the former architecture; the development of architecture has reduced energy consumption by 78%. Hence, the scarcity of virgin resources and consequently the increase of environmental effects such as Global Warming Potential (GWP) have been measured based on the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). It has been illustrated that the architecture trend has increased the environmental impact of new materials by 5 times the old ones in GWP. To optimize and increase resource productivity, a review of buildings by the principles of Circular Economy (CE) has shown that 10% of old house materials and 3% of new house materials could be returned to the chain based on the CE concept. Other than reducing the GWP emissions of the construction industry and the development of zero waste systems, this paper, by replacing conventional materials with biocompatible, has been able to increase the Building Circularity (BC) by 27% in the old house and 3% in the new one, which emphasizes a regenerative approach. As a result, with this solution, more integrity would be observed between the construction environment and nature, both in the development of past architecture and in the improvement of future architecture.

Recent Advances Towards Sustainable Materials and Processes for Energy Conversion and Storage

Recent Advances Towards Sustainable Materials and Processes for Energy Conversion and Storage

Experimental and numerical investigation of eco-friendly materials for building envelope

ABSTRACT This work aims to evaluate the impact of new materials on thermal performance and energy savings. Indeed, this study shows the importance of the use of natural and recycled waste-based feather materials. For this purpose, a full-scale cell located in Casablanca was considered as a case study to build a simulation model performed on TRNSYS. This model is then used for the impact of the techniques studied on energy performance, GHG emissions, and hours of discomfort inside another cell in Casablanca. This study showed that the developed nonwovens exhibit excellent insulation performance with thermal conductivity in the range of 0.031–0.044 [W/m. K]. Moreover, the minimum energy performance is observed for developed wool insulation with a performance of 30 (KWh/year.m2). The comparison of these values with the Moroccan thermal regulation which sets a threshold of 40 (kWh/year.m2) for the annual thermal load of residential buildings in the climatic zone of Casablanca, shows that the feather waste insulation integrated into the building is mainly sufficient to meet the requirements of Moroccan regulations. Annual GHG emissions are mitigated by 44.61 for FC1, 46.54 for FC2, 47.95 for FC3, 46.59 for FW1, 46.99 for FW2 and 48.58 for FW3(%).

Environmental Impact Assessment of Renovated Multi-Apartment Building Using LCA Approach: Case Study from Lithuania

In Europe, more than 75% of buildings are energy inefficient according to current energy standards. These buildings account for 40% of total energy consumption. Therefore, addressing the energy efficiency of existing buildings through various renovation measures remains of critical importance. In this study, two differently renovated multi-apartment buildings were selected to evaluate its environment impact using life cycle assessment. The buildings were built during the early 1980s, which did not meet the current energy efficiency standards. In recent times, these buildings were revised by Governmental agencies through the modernization process. The aim of the assessment is to study the environmental impacts associated with different renovation measures that has been carried out. This assessment covers the impact of new materials added, and the operational energy use. The study reveals that renovation stage accounts for 19% CO2 emission. The renovated buildings with renewable measures have a significant impact over climate change than the conventional renovation measures. Moreover, the potential savings in thermal energy used for space heating and domestic hot water preparation are 25% and 40% after conventional and renewable measures renovation, respectively. It was concluded that the total climate change potential could be reduced from 12% and 48% by retrofitting combined with renewable energy measures.

A predictive model for high-frequency operation of two-dimensional transistors from first-principles

First-principles-based device models are in demand in the semiconductor industry to assess the impact of new materials at very early phases of the technology development. Existing models for the 2D metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor work under quasi-static limit and can only be used for designing circuits operating under half of the transistor's intrinsic cut-off frequency. Here, we develop a compact device model for phosphorene-based transistor that takes into account its band structure anisotropy as well as the carrier inertia, which is crucial for high-frequency operation. In a multi-scale approach, density functional theory based calculation is first carried out to obtain the material specific parameters, which are then used to develop a continuity equation based non-quasi-static model to gain insight into the high-frequency behaviors. We find that channel orientation has a strong impact on both the low and high frequency conductances; however, it affects only the high-frequency component of capacitances. The model is then implemented in an industry-standard circuit simulator using relaxation-time-approximation technique and simulations are conducted to demonstrate its applicability for near cut-off frequency circuit operation. The proposed modeling methodology, which connects material to circuit, thus helps us to expand the design space, where technology downscaling could be very challenging and expensive.

The kinetics of thermal processes in imidazole-doped nanocrystalline cellulose solid proton conductor

Proton conductors play an important role amongst ionically conducting systems. Being a common phenomenon in liquids, the protonic conduction in solids is rather rare and suffers from low values. However, due to potential applications in modern devices, e.g., fuel cells, sensors, or solid-state-high-density batteries, there is much interest in proton-conducting solids. To make progress on that field, newly synthesized materials must show increased performance in terms of conductivity, thermal stability, and non-toxicity. The unremitting pressure for increasing the protonic conductivity in solids caused the majority of the research is devoted to this aspect. The environment impact of new materials can be controlled by appropriate chemical composition. Therefore, during the synthesis process, components that are neutral to the habitat are used. Here, the chemical composition of nanocomposite solid-state proton conductor under investigation is based on cellulose nanocrystals and imidazole molecules that provide a neutral influence on the environment. The conductive properties of the proton conductor under consideration were the subject of our previous work. In this paper, we are going to investigate the thermal properties and kinetics of thermal processes acting in the proposed nanocomposite proton conductor to determine its thermal stability and application potential. The combined experimental approach of thermal gravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry was used. Based on the obtained results, the activation energies of the decomposition stages were determined. The evolution of the thermal processes with the conversion degree was studied, and the lifetime of the nanocomposite at various external thermic conditions was tested. The kinetic DSC study has confirmed that the imidazole molecules are attached to the glucose ring of the cellulose in two ways, indirectly through the residual water molecules and directly to the hydroxyl group of the cellulose. Obtained results have shown that the stability and durability on the thermal conditions of the compound are still not satisfactory for commercial applications. However, proposed material can work under anhydrous conditions, thus can constitute a possible substitution for materials that need hydrated conditions to work, like Nafion.

In VitroTesting of Biomaterials for Neural Repair: Focus on Cellular Systems and High-Content Analysis

Biomimetic materials are designed to stimulate specific cellular responses at the molecular level. To improve the soundness of in vitro testing of the biological impact of new materials, appropriate cell systems and technologies must be standardized also taking regulatory issues into consideration. In this study, the biological and molecular effects of different scaffolds on three neural systems, that is, the neural cell line SH-SY5Y, primary cortical neurons, and neural stem cells, were compared. The effect of poly(L-lactic acid) scaffolds having different surface geometry (conventional two-dimensional seeding flat surface, random or aligned fibers as semi3D structure) and chemical functionalization (laminin or ECM extract) were studied. The endpoints were defined for efficacy (i.e., neural differentiation and neurite elongation) and for safety (i.e., cell death/survival) using high-content analysis. It is demonstrated that (i) the definition of the biological properties of biomaterials is profoundly influenced by the test system used; (ii) the definition of the in vitro safety profile of biomaterials for neural repair is also influenced by the test system; (iii) cell-based high-content screening may well be successfully used to characterize both the efficacy and safety of novel biomaterials, thus speeding up and improving the soundness of this critical step in material science having medical applications.

Влияние биоматериалов медицинского назначения на структурно-функциональные особенности

The morphological and functional features of the monocytes in a short-term in vitro cultivation on substrates of biopolymer polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) in the presence of nanodiamonds (ND) and fullerene (F) were studied. It has been shown that ND and F in the studied concentrations did not affect the viability of monocytes in the short-term culture. The ratio of morphological classes in the presence of ND and F significantly different from the control group of cultivation. Effects of NA and F were characterized by dose-dependent. The formation of a protein corona on the surface of NA and F led to significant changes in the effects of nanoparticles and the formation of new quantitative relationships between morphological classes of monocytes in culture in vitro. The results allow to consider a short-term culture of monocytes in vitro as a model system for adequate assessment of the impact of new materials on the processes of differentiation of monocyte subpopulations.

Special issue of the IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation on Condition Monitoring and Diagnostics of Electrical Insulation

We are pleased to announce that the June 2016 issue of the IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation (TDEI) will be a special issue on Condition Monitoring and Diagnostics topics. The following non-exclusive list of topics may serve as a guideline for prospective authors:  Condition monitoring and diagnostics of electrical power equipment  Diagnostics and monitoring of electrical insulation  Challenges in partial discharge electrical insulation based assessment  Impact of new materials on electrical insulation diagnostics  Emerging diagnostics methods  High frequency methods in diagnostics of electrical insulation  Application of signal and image processing to diagnostics of electrical insulation  Asset management in diagnostics of electrical insulating systems

The Influence and Application of Stainless Steel to Modern Sculpture

Understand the impact of new materials on the study of modern sculpture, stainless steel sculpture and its understanding, awareness and stainless steel sculpture to the current problems that exist through observation, induction and summary, stainless steel sculpture by recognizing the problems at the same time, given a reasonable solution. Such as the use of welding techniques, and how to be colored stainless steel polishing process.

The Pontificate of Pius XI: The Impact of New Material from the Vatican Archives

The Pontificate of Pius XI: The Impact of New Material from the Vatican Archives

Radiation effects in new materials for nano-devices

Exposure to radiation poses significant challenges for electronic devices, including parametric degradation, loss of data, or catastrophic failure. The challenges and solutions change significantly as new materials are introduced and feature sizes become smaller. This paper reviews the effects of radiation on electronics, with emphasis on the impact of new materials.

The Impact of New Materials on Failure Analysis

Abstract This article addresses the considerations related to the development and introduction of new materials in response to the increasing performance demands of microelectronic devices, and how these new materials will affect characterization and failure analysis. The article is largely extracted from the “Deprocessing/Inspection White Paper” generated by the SEMATECH Product Analysis Forum (PAF), with updates from the PAF response to the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors.

Nature, Craft, Domesticity, and the Culture of Consumption: the Feminine Face of Design in Italy, 1945–70

SummaryThis article sets out to outline the way in which existing narratives dealing with the development of modern design in post-1945 Italy have ignored those aspects of the story which do not concur with a characterization of that phenomenon that relies on the concepts of rationality, mass production and the impact of new materials. By focusing on and elaborating a number of ‘other’ themes—namely those of nature, craft, domesticity and the culture of consumption—this study sets out to redress this imbalance and to introduce the possibility of a new reading of modern design in Italy which can be seen to be rooted in a set of cultural values which are more obviously feminine’ in nature.

CADCAM in the Aircraft Industry

Reviews the development of CADCAM (computer aided design and manufacture) and CAE (computer aided engineering) in the UK aircraft industry, and describes the systems at present used by British Aerospace in their factories. Discusses communications between systems and how the setting up of networks can overcome problems in collaborative projects. Outlines recent developments in robotics and FMS (flexible manufacturing systems) and reefers to the impact of new materials in aircraft design and manufacturing. Comments on the effect of the new technology on the work-force.

Balloon materials and designs

Improvements of materials can extend the performance of scientific balloon flights in altitude, suspended load and duration. The impact of new materials is considered in the design of superpressure balloons for long duration improvement, ultra light weight for sounding balloons, and a launch technique for minimizing relative wind problems.

The Impact of New Materials on the Development of Rotary Wing Aircraft

The Impact of New Materials on the Development of Rotary Wing Aircraft